COST TU0904 Case Studies
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
COSTissupportedbytheEURTDFrameworkProgrammeandESFprovidestheCOSTOfficethroughanECcontract. COSTTU0904 IntegratedFireEngineeringandResponse CaseStudies March2012 COSTR the acronym for European COoperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research is the oldest and widestEuropeanintergovernmentalnetworkforcooperationinresearch.EstablishedbytheMinisterialConferencein November 1971, COST is presently used by the scientific communities of 35 European countries to cooperate in commonresearchprojectssupportedbynationalfunds. ThefundsprovidedbyCOSTRlessthan1%ofthetotalvalueoftheprojectssupporttheCOSTcooperationnetworks, COST Actions, through which, with only around €20 million per year, more than 30.000 European scientists are involvedinresearchhavingatotalvaluewhichexceeds€2billionperyear.ThisisthefinancialworthoftheEuropean addedvaluewhichCOSTachieves. Abottomupapproach(theinitiativeoflaunchingaCOSTActioncomesfromtheEuropeanscientiststhemselves),àla carteparticipation(onlycountriesinterestedintheActionparticipate),equalityofaccess(participationisopenalsoto the scientific communities of countries not belonging to the European Union) and flexible structure (easy implementationandlightmanagementoftheresearchinitiatives)arethemaincharacteristicsofCOST. AsprecursorofadvancedmultidisciplinaryresearchCOSThasaveryimportantrolefortherealisationoftheEuropean Research Area (ERA) anticipating and complementing the activities of the Framework Programmes, constituting a ridgetowardsthescientificcommunitiesofemergingcountries,increasingthemobilityofresearchersacrossEurope andfosteringtheestablishmentofNetworksofExcellenceinmanykeyscientificdomainssuchas:Biomedicineand Molecular Biosciences; Food and Agriculture; Forests, their Products and Services; Materials, Physics and Nanosciences; Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and Technologies; Earth System Science and Environmental Management;InformationandCommunicationTechnologies;TransportandUrbanDevelopment;Individuals,Society, CultureandHealth.Itcoversbasicandmoreappliedresearchandalsoaddressesissuesofprenormativenatureorof societalimportance. Web: http://www.cost.eu COSTActionTU0904 IntegratedFireEngineeringandResponse fire.fsv.cvut.cz/ifer CaseStudies Ed.WaldF.,BurgessI.,ReinG.,KwasniewskiL.,VilaRealP.,HorováK. TheproductionofthispublicationissupportedbyCOST. ISBN–9788001050040 CTUPublishingProduction,CzechTechnicalUniversityinPrague March2012 200copies,374pages ©COSTOffice,2012 Nopermissiontoreproduceorutilisethecontentsofthisbookbyanymeansisnecessary,otherthaninthecaseof images, diagrammes or other material from other copyright holders. In such cases, permission of the copyright holdersisrequired.Thisbookmaybecitedas:COSTActionTU0904–CaseStudies. COSTActionTU0904 IntegratedFireEngineeringandResponse LISTOFCONTENTS PREFACE 5 ADMINISTRATIVEBUILDINGS 1 ApplicationofstructuralfireengineeringtothetowersofTheCourthouseofNaples 7 2 HeronTower,London 24 3 Adidaslaces 31 4 ThePinnacle,London 41 5 Fireperformanceofanofficebuildingwithlongspancellularfloorbeams–BritomartEast, Auckland 48 6 KingdomStreet,London 62 SPORTCENTRES 7 ReliabilityofsteelroofstructuresofTheSpalladiumsporthallincaseoffire 71 8 RedevelopmentofAscotracecourse–Approachtofiresafetyengineering 82 9 Faultydesignofasporthall 92 SHOPPINGCENTRES 10 FireengineeringcasestudiesinFinland103 11 Fireinalargeareashoppingcentre 131 12 PerformancebasedesignofcentrumGalerieDresden 140 13 FiresafetydesignwithinretailBuying“more”for“less”bymakinginformeddecisions 147 EXHIBITIONCENTRES 14 Evaluationofthefireresistanceofthesteelstructureofanexhibitioncentreusingstructuralfire safetyengineering 155 15 Cairoexpocityexhibitioncentrefireengineering 167 INDUSTRIALBUILDINGS 16 Firesafetyengineeringinanaircrafthangar(definitionoffirescenariosanddesignfires)177 17 Productionandstoragehallobject 184 18 Reducingtheriskoftimberfires–acasestudy 194 19 Tofiredesignof142mhighboilerhouseinLedvicepowerplant 198 20 Apracticalapproachtostudyoffireresistanceofasteelstructurewithopenbuiltupmembersand columns 205 21 Questionablefiresafetyassessmentofthebakeryplantbuilding 213 22 FiredesignofanewfactorybuildinginAthens 228 3 COSTActionTU0904 IntegratedFireEngineeringandResponse RESIDENTIALBUILDINGS 23 ApplicationofstructuralfireengineeringtoopenandclosedcarparksofC.A.S.E.projectfor L´Aquila237 24 Firesafetydesignofamodularsteelsystemforhotelrooms 252 25 Casestudy:Firedesignvalidation 264 26 Structuralfireanalysis:BlessedTrinityRCschool,Burnley 269 27 StructuralfireassessmentoftheMEHotelAldwych,London 286 REFURBISHMENTS 28 FireengineeringapproachCasestudy“DePosthoorn”atHamont 300 29 ReconstructionofwarehousesinBudapestisthebirthofCET 308 30 Examination,assessmentandrepairoffiredamagedRCstructureof“RefineryOkta”inSkopje322 31 Examination,assessmentandrepairofRCstructureofbuildingdamagedinfire 335 32 Safetyassessmentofsteelstructureofthesinglestoreyindustrialbuildingafteralocalfire349 BRIDGES 33 Thermalanalysisofadoubledeckbridge 356 AUTHORINDEX371 4 COSTActionTU0904 IntegratedFireEngineeringandResponse PREFACE Current practice in the European Union is safety, including Fire safety, nationally managed, and the demandsaredeterminedbythespecificexperiencesofeachcountry.Whilethepoliticalmotivationsfor this approach are obvious, and local circumstances vary between countries, it can easily lead to similar processeshavingtobereresearchedandreinventedcountrybycountry.InthecontextoftheEuropean UnionsafetyrequirementsincaseoffirearebasedontheConstructionProductsDirective89/106/EEC.The Directiveisappliedtoconstructionproductsastheessentialrequirementinrespectofconstructionworks. InAnnexIoftheDirective,theessentialrequirementsformechanicalresistanceandstability,andforfire safety, are summarised. The construction works must be designed and built in such a way that, in the eventofanoutbreakoffire:Theloadbearingcapacityoftheconstructioncanbeassumedforaspecific periodoftime;Thegenerationandspreadoffireandsmokewithintheworksarelimited;Thespreadof the fire to neighbouring construction works is limited; Occupants can leave the works or be rescued by other means; The safety of rescue teams is taken into consideration. The loadbearing capacity of the constructionmaybemodelledontheprinciplessummarisedinthepartsofthestructuralEurocodeswhich dealwithfire.Theintroductionofcommonstandardsinareasrelatedtofiresafety,itseemsobviousthatin suchanimportantareathesharingofexperienceandresearchshouldbefacilitated,andhencetheneed fornetworksintheCOSTmodel.FormemberstatesoftheEuropeanUnion, However,theneedforintegrationhasafurtherdimension.Fireengineeringresearcherstendto specialise in areas such as fire dynamics, structural fire engineering, active/passive fire protection, environmental protection or human response. Since the background sciences of these disciplines are different there is little interaction between them. Practitioners, including fire engineers, building/fire controlauthorities,andfirefighterstendtoconsiderfiresafetyasawhole,butlackindepthawarenessof recentadvancesinresearchandareoutsidetheacademicresearchnetworks.Throughencouragingthe exchange of information on different aspects of fire engineering and response between researchers in differentcountries,thenetworkintendstocreateanawarenessofthecurrentstateoftheart,andtoavoid repetition of research. The nonresearch community will benefit from exposure to advanced research findings,discussionwithresearchers,andthesharingofbestpractice.Theirinputwillmakeresearchers awareofrealworldconstraints,andwherenewresearchandstandardsareneeded. TheActiondividesitsmembershiplooselyintothreethemedWorkingGroups,althoughclearlyits overall mission of promoting integration means that these groups must interact onmany of the key activities. The Working Groups are: WG1 Fire Behaviour and Life Safety focuses on the behaviour and effects of fire in buildings, combining this researchbased knowledge with the most effective means of 5 COSTActionTU0904 IntegratedFireEngineeringandResponse protectinghumanlifeagainsttheoccurrenceoffireinthebuiltenvironment.Thisincludesactivemeasures infirefightingwiththeeffectsofbuildingformontheinherentrisktoinhabitants.WG2Structuralsafety covers the response of different building types to fires and the rapidly developing research field of structural fire engineering, including new materials and technologies and passive protection measures. Crucial problems of structural fire engineering concern change of use of buildings and the current imperativesofsustainability,energysavingandprotectionoftheenvironmentafterfire.WG3Integrated Designbringstogetherdesign,practiceandresearchacrossthedisciplinesoffireinthebuiltenvironment. Instructuraldesignthisincludesintegrationoffireresistancewithalltheotherfunctionalrequirementsof abuilding,fromconceptonwards,ratherthansimplyaddingfireprotectionafterallotherprocessesare complete. Active input from practitioners, regulators and firefighters through this group is vital to the successoftheAction. TheActionstartedinMarch2010,andnowhas22nationsoftheEUandNewZealandparticipants. Itsfirstdeliverable,StateoftheArtReportattemptstobringtogetherthecurrentstateofresearch,mainly in the participating countries but set into the context of knowledge worldwide. The second deliverable allowed all experts in Action to inform about its research findings in Proceedingsand during the Action PragueConference29April2011wasfocusedoutsidetheActionaswell.ThisthirddeliverableCaseStudies presenting current practice and accumulated knowledge