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Caridean Shrimps Associated with the Slimy Sea Plume (Pseudopterogorigia Americana) in Midsummer at Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, West Indies

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Caridean Shrimps Associated with the Slimy Sea Plume (Pseudopterogorigia Americana) in Midsummer at Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, West Indies University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 1995 Caridean Shrimps Associated with the Slimy Sea Plume (Pseudopterogorigia americana) in Midsummer at Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, West Indies Stephen Spotte University of Connecticut Patricia M. Bubucis Sea Research Foundation Robin M. Overstreet Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Spotte, Stephen; Bubucis, Patricia M.; and Overstreet, Robin M., "Caridean Shrimps Associated with the Slimy Sea Plume (Pseudopterogorigia americana) in Midsummer at Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, West Indies" (1995). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 456. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/456 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. JOURNALOF CRUSTACEANBIOLOGY, 15(2): 291-300, 1995 CARIDEAN SHRIMPS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SLIMY SEA PLUME (PSEUDOPTEROGORGIAAMERICANA) IN MIDSUMMER AT GUANA ISLAND, BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS, WEST INDIES Stephen Spotte, Patricia M. Bubucis, and Robin M. Overstreet ABSTRACT Fifty-one slimy sea plumes (Pseudopterogorgiaamericana Gmelin, 1791) were sampled for carideanshrimps at Guana Island, BritishVirgin Islands,during one week in July 1992. Sam- plingdepth rangedfrom 3-22 m. Nine specieswere collected: Hippolyte nicholsoni Chace, 1972; Latreutessp.; Neopontonideschacei Heard, 1986;Perclimenes cf. patae Heardand Spotte, 1991; Periclimenescf. pauper Holthuis, 1951; Periclimenessp.; Pseudocoutiereaantillensis Chace, 1972; Tozeuma cf. cornutumMilne Edwards, 1881; and Trachycarisrugosa (Bate, 1888). A total of 1,418 specimens (includingfragments) was obtained. The number of shrimp species per gorgonianranged from 1-5; one gorgonianharbored 156 shrimps. The 2 predominant species,N. chaceiand H. nicholsoni,occupy different mean depths (12.6 and 8.2 m, respectively). Sexual dimorphism assessed with Mann-WhitneyU-tests was not apparentin the specimens of N. chacei (P > 0.05), but females of H. nicholsoniwere significantlylarger than males (P < 0.001). Minimum carapacelength (CL, the tip of the rostrumto the posteriordorsal margin of the carapace)at which male N. chacei acquirea single appendixmasculina spine is 1.25 mm; male H. nicholsonican acquirea single spine at 0.9 mm CL. Histologicalsections of male N. chacei showed that shrimp with 0 or 1 spine are least likely to be mature. Female N. chacei can become ovigerousat 1.9 mm CL and female H. nicholsoniat 1.2 mm CL. The taxonomic status of 5 of the 9 species collected is uncertain. Gorgonians (octocorallians) indigenous goniansgrow in profusionalong the slope, and P. amer- to the West Indies are intrincate habitats icana is especially abundant. Because of time con- harbor a diverse of caridean straints,sample collection was completed in 6 days. that array We follow convention in treatingindividual gorgo- shrimps. Several authors have mentioned nians as samplingunits and restrictinguse of the term gorgoniansas sources of holotypes or para- samplesto collectionsfrom all samplingunits obtained types of new shrimp species (e.g., Chace, duringa singledive (Ludwigand Reynolds, 1988; Wa- Heardand ters and Erman, 1990). Gorgoniancolonies were se- 1972;Heard, 1986; Spotte, 1991); lectedhaphazardly by divingto the predetermineddepth others have noted the shrimp-gorgonianas- (see below), swimmingperpendicular to the slope, and sociation but left its nuances unquantified samplingthe firstcolony of P. americanaencountered. (e.g., Borradaile, 1920; Patton, 1963, 1972; A numberedplastic bag (45.7 x 91 cm, 0.08-mm Criales, 1980, 1984; Cantera et al., 1987). thickness)was placed over the gorgonian,cinched by of the of hand at the base, and shaken vigorously to dislodge Here we describe aspects biology any shrimps.The bag was then pulled away while still caridean shrimps collected in midsummer cinchedtightly, and its mouth was sealedwith a rubber from colonies of the slimy sea plume (Pseu- band.Afterward, a yellowplastic tie-wrap was fastened dopterogorgiaamericana Gmelin, 1791) at to the base of the colony to prevent repeat sampling. Guana British Islands. Bagswere used only once. Shrimpswere recoveredby Island, Virgin pouring the contents of the bags through a 355-,tm sieve; afterward,they were fixed for several days in MATERIALSAND METHODS 10%Formalin-sea water, then preservedin 70% eth- anol. The collection procedure introduces minimal Collectionof Samples.-Gorgonians often are difficult samplingbias, as assessed in a previous study (Spotte to identify in the field, but P. americana can be rec- and Bubucis, unpublisheddata). In this other work, ognized easily, is numerous throughoutthe West In- shrimps (N = 0-29) from 16 colonies of P. americana dies, and inhabits a wide rangeof depths. Our collec- were collected by the method described.Immediately tions were thereforelimited to this species. Collections afterward the entire colonies were collected in separate were made during daylighthours between 21 and 26 bags and examined for any remaining shrimps. None July 1992 in White Bay at GuanaIsland, British Virgin could be found. Islands, within -200 m of a point of land known as Randomnumbers corresponding to samplingdepths IguanaHead. At this locationthe bottom slopes steeply between 3 and 22 m were generatedwith a hand cal- from shore, terminatingat 22 m in a level expanse of culator before every dive in an effort to avoid bias sand. The site has little wave action, althoughstrong introducedby replicatesampling at arbitrarilyselected subsurfacecurrents are sometimes encountered.Gor- depth ranges.Excess random numbers were generated 291 292 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 15, NO. 2, 1995 in case a bag broke. We arrangedthe numbers from Table 1. Partial frequencytable and mean depth of deepestto shallowestto facilitateplanning of the dives. shrimps recovered from the gorgonianPseudoptero- The samplingsequence within samples was therefore gorgia americana. nonrandom.After completion of field work, calibra- tion of the depthgauge was checkedin a pressurecham- Fre- ber known simulated a ac- quency Percent- Mean against depths using gauge m curate to within 0.025%. The test was conducted 3 Species (N) age depth, times at 1.5-m intervals(rate of ascent and descent = Hippolytenicholsoni 383 27.01 8.2 0.3 m/s) within a simulateddepth range of 0 to 45.7 Latreutessp. 13 0.92 14.5 m. The paired values showed significantcorrelation, Neopontonideschacei 967 68.19 12.6 as determinedby linear least-squaresregression anal- Periclimenescf. patae 36 2.54 11.9 = = ysis: N 126, t(n-2) = -3.834, multiple R2 0.99, P Periclimenescf. pauper 2 0.14 10.0 < 0.001. Depth adjustments in the data therefore were Periclimenessp. 2 0.14 21.3 not required. Pseudocoutiereaantillensis 9 0.63 13.6 Collection wereidentified from Tozeumacf. cornutum 4 0.28 10.2 ofData. -Shrimps keys 2 0.14 13.7 of Chace (1972) and Heard (1986). Morphologicand Trachycarisrugosa reproductivedata recordedwere size (measuredas car- apace length, CL, see below), sex, number of dorsal and ventral rostral teeth (RTD and RTV), whether femaleswere ovigerousor nonovigerous,whether ova determinate;a detachedabdomen allowed the specimen were eyed or uneyed,and, whereappropriate, number to be sexed but not measured.Rostrums without tips and type of appendixmasculina spines (apicaland lat- yielded indeterminaterostral tooth counts and pre- eral) of males. As defined here, carapacelength is the cludedcarapace measurement. When both second ple- distancebetween the tip of the rostrumand posterior opods were missing from a damaged or fragmented dorsalmargin of the carapace(Heard and Spotte, 1991). specimenand the shrimpwas not ovigerous,sex could The males of some species (e.g., Hippolytenicholsoni not be assessed from externalcharacters. Chace, 1972) do not have lateralappendix masculina Analysis of Data. -Data were analyzed first for eco- spines. In one species that has such spines (Neopon- logical patterns. We assessed depth distributionsby tonides chacei Heard, 1986), the distal lateral spines species, by numbers of species, and by numbers of appearto changeinto apical spines. The designations shrimps (all species combined). Possible size (as car- apicaland lateralare thereforearbitrary, and we chose apacelength) and sex effectson depthdistribution were to expressresults for N. chacei as total appendixmas- analyzedfor the two predominantspecies. We exam- culina spines. Some of the smallershrimps had round- ined the datafor speciesassociations by depth,number ed nubs where an appendixmasculina spine ought to of species per gorgonian,numbers of each species per be. We recordedthem as males with zero spines. Non- gorgonian,and populationintensity (total numbersof ovigerousspecimens were sexed by placingone of the shrimpsper gorgonian;see Discussion). secondpleopods in a wet mount and examiningit with Assessed next were biological attributesof the two light microscopyfor an appendixmasculina. Since the predominantspecies based on morphologicand
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