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Appendix: Methods APPENDIX: METHODs SAMPLING RATIONALEs AND PrOCEDUrEs Discourses of Occupational Consecration Obituaries I have examined 73 obituaries of 45 US journalists, publishers, and editors. Most of them were published in major national newspapers (New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times), together amount- ing to 223 pages of text. I have similarly analyzed 78 obituaries of 43 German journalists, mostly in national daily newspapers (Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Die Welt) and weeklies Die Zeit and Der Spiegel, amounting to 160 pages of text. I have chosen some of these journalists purposefully because of their high-status positions (e.g. TV anchor Walter Cronkite or Spiegel founder Rudolf Augstein) or because they turned up prominently in an initial random search of jour- nalists’ obituaries. The large part of journalists was randomly chosen from a sample of deceased winners of major journalism awards (see full list of journalists considered at the end of this section). I compiled a list of awardees, determined which of them have passed away and selected those who died after 1980. I chose 1980 as a cut-off point because this period spans the career of the most senior reporters in my field research case studies and, in the interest of consistency, one gen- eration unit of journalists. There were limitations of availability because most online newspaper archives started in the late 1990s. © The Author(s) 2017 231 M. Revers, Contemporary Journalism in the US and Germany, Cultural Sociology, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-51537-7 232 APPENdiX: MEtHods I chose journalists who won major awards in both countries in relevant news categories (political journalism). I chose the Pulitzer Prize (PP) as the most prestigious award and the Peabody Award (PA) for radio and television in the USA. I surveyed all PP winners in the individual categories (some are institutional) National Reporting, Breaking News Reporting, Investigative Reporting and International Reporting. I chose PA winners since its beginning in 1940 in relevant news categories. I ended up with a list of 79 names, which I went through in random order. In Germany, I chose the Egon-Erwin-Kisch-Preis (for feature writing), established in 1977, which has become one of the categories of the Henri- Nannen Preis (HNP) in 2005. The HNP has other categories but since it is so recent, hardly any awardees have passed away (except in the life work cat- egory). I also sampled winners of the Theodor-Wolff-Preis (TWP), except in unrelated categories, such as literary journalism, which exists since 1962. Unfortunately, there is no prestigious prize for TV and radio journalism that leads back as far. I ended up with a list of 72 names. There were many German journalists on the list I could not find obituaries for while in the USA there were only a few. The sample of 78 obituaries are of those 48 journalists for whom obituaries could be found (Tables A1 and A2). Award Statements I compared award statements within the same time frame (1980–2013). It involves news categories of the PP, namely beat reporting, breaking news, explanatory journalism, explanatory report- ing, investigative reporting, local reporting, national reporting and pub- lic service. Since categories of the PP change over time (some are newly founded, some discontinued, others revived), not every year within the time frame had awards in every category. In some years two prizes were awarded in one category. The PP is by far the most prestigious journalism award in the USA. To make sure that the patterns I found within the exceptionally short PP statements were not idiosyncratic, I also read award statements of the George Polk Awards (GPA) (statements from 1998 to 2012 were avail- able), which are presented annually by Long Island University.1 With the exception of breaking news, explanatory reporting and feature writing, all PP categories had a strong investigative emphasis. This is even truer for the GPA, which does not have a separate category for but promotes investigative journalism in all categories. PA award statements honoring TV news people and operations were also included. APPENdiX: MEtHods 233 Table A.1 Sample of German Obituaries of Journalists Journalist Media organization # obits Purposive subsample Rudolf Augstein Der Spiegel 3 Immanuel Birnbaum Süddeutsche Zeitung 1 Erich Böhme Der Spiegel 5 Hanns-Joachim Friedrichs ARD 1 Gerhard Mauz Der Spiegel 1 Hermann Proebst Süddeutsche Zeitung 1 Ferdinand Simoneit Der Spiegel 2 Awardees Subsample Reinhard Appel Süddeutsche Zeitung 3 Immanuel Birnbaum Süddeutsche Zeitung 1 Wilhelm Bittorf Der Spiegel 1 Herbert von Borch Süddeutsche Zeitung 1 Hans-Joachim Deckert Mannheimer Morgen 1 Rainer Fabian Rheinischer Merkur 1 Christian Ferber Die Welt 1 Joachim C. Fest Der Spiegel 5 Hans Werner Graf Finck von Die Welt 1 Finckenstein Friedrich Karl Fromme Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 4 Rudolf Goldschmit Süddeutsche Zeitung 1 Hans Gresmann Die Zeit 2 Hans Heigert Süddeutsche Zeitung 2 Walter Henkels Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 1 Hans Ulrich Kempski Süddeutsche Zeitung 5 Gerhard Krug Die Welt 1 Jürgen Leinemann Der Spiegel 3 Günter Matthes Tagesspiegel 1 Eka Gräfin von Merveldt Die Zeit 1 Claus Heinrich Meyer Süddeutsche Zeitung 2 Werner Meyer Abendzeitung 1 Claus Peter Mühleck Tauber-Zeitung 1 Ernst Müller-Meiningen jr. Süddeutsche Zeitung 2 Joachim Neander Die Welt 1 Bernd Nellessen Die Welt 1 Andreas Graf Razumovsky Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 1 Herbert Riehl-Heyse Süddeutsche Zeitung 5 Heinz Schewe Die Welt 1 Peter Schille Der Spiegel 1 Hans Schueler Die Welt 1 Diether Stolze Die Zeit 2 (continued) 234 APPENdiX: MEtHods Table A.1 (continued) Journalist Media organization # obits Martin E. Süskind Süddeutsche Zeitung 3 Franz Thoma Süddeutsche Zeitung 2 Paul Wilhelm Wenger Rheinischer Merkur 1 Ulrich Wildermuth Südwestpresse 1 Ben Witter Die Zeit 2 Total 78 Note: Media Organization at the time of the award In Germany, all news-relevant award statements of the TWP from 1998 until 2013 were included (earlier years were not available).2 The two cat- egories had a clear emphasis on feature writing. The sample also includes statements of the Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Preis für Fernsehjournalismus (HJFP) between 1995 (awarded for the first time) until 2013. Press releases of the HNP, which contain quotes from jury statements presented live at the awards show, were analyzed from 2005 until 2013.3 The prize was only founded in 2005 but is one of the most prestigious journalism award in Germany. The genre lines of the HNP are more distinct than the TWP. The HJFP does not have categories in this sense, only a general award and a Förderpreis (sponsorship award) and sometimes a special award. The award criteria seem deliberately vague because the prize recognizes the kind of attitude Hanns Joachim Friedrichs personified (Table A3). Field Research Case Selection The state house press may seem as an odd choice for a study of national occupational cultures of journalism. I argue that this setting is better suited to study national specificities of press cultures than national capitals (let alone newsrooms of individual news organizations), which is the focus of many studies (e.g. Clayman et al. 2007; Clayman and Heritage 2002; Hess 1981; Pfetsch 2001). National capitals are places of exceptional con- centration of political power, restricted access to elected officials, intense competition between media outlets as well as foreign media presence. The state house is a more regular setting of political journalistic work, in between the national elite and smaller local news ecosystems. APPENdiX: MEtHods 235 Table A.2 Sample of US Obituaries of Journalists Journalist Media organization # obits Purposive subsample David Halberstam New York Times 2 Alfred Friendly Washington Post 2 David Bloom NBC 1 Gardner Botsford The New Yorker 2 Walter Cronkite CBS News 3 Robert D.G. Lewis Booth 1 James M. Naughton New York Times 5 Jean M. White Washington Post 1 Tom Wicker New York Times 2 Margaret Rupli Woodward NBC 1 Awardees subsample Harold Eugene Martin Montgomery Advertiser and Alabama 1 Journal Anthony Shannon New York World-Telegram and Sun 1 Richard Ben Cramer The Philadelphia Inquirer 1 William Randolph Hearst Jr. International News Service 2 Don Hewitt CBS News 1 Pauline Frederick NBC Radio 1 David Brinkley ABC Television 1 Miriam Ottenberg Evening Star 1 Anthony Shadid Washington Post 3 Anthony Lewis Washington Daily News 2 Edwin Newman NBC 2 Robert Cahn Christian Science Monitor 1 Gene Miller Miami Herald 3 Tom Pettit NBC News 1 Bette Swenson Orsini St. Petersburg Times 1 Alistair Cooke BBC 2 Julian Goodman NBC 2 Martin Agronsky ABC 2 Wallace Turner Portland Oregonian 2 Sylvester L. Weave NBC 2 Kirk Scharfenberg Boston Globe 1 J. Anthony Lukas New York Times 1 Daniel De Luce Associated Press 1 Frank Reynolds ABC Television 1 Malcolm W. Browne Associated Press 3 William Jones Chicago Tribune 2 Robert Trout ABC News 1 Daniel Schorr CBS 1 (continued) 236 APPENdiX: MEtHods Table A.2 (continued) Journalist Media organization # obits Charles Kuralt CBS News 1 Bill Leonard CBS News 1 Sylvan Fox New York World-Telegram and Sun 1 Edward P. Morgan ABC 1 Ira Wolfert North American Newspaper Alliance 2 Frank Stanton CBS 1 A.M. Rosenthal New York Times 3 Total 73 Note: Media Organization at the time of the award Table A.3 Sample Journalism Award Jury Statements Journalism award Years N of statements USA Pulitzer Prize 1980–2013 182 George Polk Award 1998–2012 59 Peabody Award 1980–2013 23 GER Theodor-Wolff-Preis 1998–2013 73 Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Preis 1995–2013 29 Henri-Nannen Preis 2005–2013 51 Total 417 Examining one press corps in each country follows the following rationale: The dual character of informants—competing representatives of different news organizations, on the one hand, and members of groups of colleagues, on the other—yields cross-sectional breadth and offsets local idiosyncrasies.
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