DU MO LE Exploring ourOur 2 Plate Boundary
EARTH’S STRUCTURE The earth’s crust is also called the lithosphere, and tectonic Which two elements are thought to make up the DID YOU ? plates are sometimes called earth’s core? KNOW lithospheric plates. Nickel Iron ______and ______Where two plates meet each other, stress builds up overtime. This Which of these is the correct name for the stress is eventually released in the form currents which move the earth’s crust? (circle one) of an earthquake.
Geothermal Convection Conduction CONTINENTS ARE Name 5 of the earth’s major tectonic plates: DIFFERENT FROM PLATES! Indo - Australian (or just Australian) ______Tectonic plates form the earth’s crust; there are ______African Eurasian over 80 major, minor, and micro plates worldwide, the smallest being only 100km2. ______Pacific Antarctic Continents are large continuous landmasses, or ______North American South American islands which have been grouped together as a ______region. Match the term to the correct plate movement: Subcontinents occur when parts of the landmass sit on a different tectonic plate (for example The plates move Central America). Convergent apart from each other Submerged continents are areas of continental crust which are largely covered by sea (for The plates collide Transform example Zealandia). The Māori name for Zealandia or buckle together is Te Riu-a-Māui, meaning 'the hills, valleys, and plains of Māui’. The plates move Divergent What percentage of the submerged continent sideways of Zealandia is underwater? (circle one) 95% Label the parts of the earth’s structure: 75% 85% Crust Upper Mantle Lower Mantle Outer Core Scientists estimate that Inner Core tectonic plates were moving around on Earth BONUS between 3.3 and 3.5 billion FACT years ago! WHERE THEY MEET PRETTY PETROLOGY
Which of these plates is subducting near the Petrology is the study of rocks. In the video, Exploring ourOur Exploring our East Coast of the North Island? (circle one) Julian described two rocks featured in the Plate Boundary make-up of tectonic plates.Plate Boundary Australian Plate Pacific Plate Match these rocks to their name and properties:
Which of these plates is subducting near the Dark coloured (igneous) rock Southwest Coast of the South Island? (circle one) Granite containing iron, found in oceanic Australian Plate Pacific Plate plates Where in New Zealand can you put your finger on Course-grained the plate boundary? (igneous) rock Basalt Alpine Fault at Gaunt Creek near Whataroa containing quartz, ______found in continental plates Where the two plates converge along the Alpine Fault they transform sideways at an 3cm Igneous rock can also be average distance of ______per year. formed by solidification beneath the earth’s surface What are the common names for these sections BONUS which is called ‘plutonic rock’ relating to the Roman god of of the plate boundary? FACT the underworld, Pluto.
1. PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
What percentage of the world’s earthquakes happen in the Pacific Ring of Fire? (circle one)
2. 70% 80% 90% 3.
On average, how many earthquakes are recorded in Aotearoa New Zealand each year? 20,000 4. ______
On average, how deep are the areas of Deep Ocean surrounding New Zealand? 1. Kermadec Trench ______4,000 km
2. Hikurangi subduction zone or Hikurangi Trench (both answers are acceptable) The Ring of Fire contains BONUS approximately 850–1,000 3. Alpine Fault FACT volcanoes that have been active during the last 11,700 4. Puysegar Trench years (about two-thirds of the world's total).
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June 2021 DU MO LE EXTENSION Exploring Our CHALLENGES Plate Boundary Exploring our 2 FOR EXPERTS Plate Boundary
PLATE TECTONICS PETROLOGY
What category of tectonic plates does Aotearoa Both of the rocks Julian talked about are ‘igneous’ New Zealand sit on the boundary of? (circle one) rocks – formed by solidified lava or magma. Find the names of two other types of rock. Major (Primary) Minor (Secondary) ______Metamorphic Micro (Tertiary) ______Sedimentary
At 103,300,000 square kilometres, which major tectonic plate is the largest? SEDIMENTATION ______The Pacific Plate Scientists sampled sediment from the bottom of the Kermadec Trench at a depth of 9,994m; this will give them information about plate movement Google Search challenge: and earthquakes. But how did the sediment get Name the worlds smallest known micro-plate? there?
______Manus Plate - 100km2 Sediment is moved by natural processes over (Hint: it sits between the minor North and South Bismark plates) many, many years; three processes are listed below.
In your own words, summarise how each works. FAULT LINES Fluvial: carried______or moved by rivers, What is the name for the complex of faults which ruptured during the Kaikōura earthquake in 2016? streams,______and waterbodies. ______Marlborough Fault System ______Aeolian:
erosion,______transportation, and Why is there no subduction zone along the Alpine Fault? deposition______of sediment by the wind
______They push into each other. Both sides of the plate boundary along the Glacial: ______process of melting and refreezing which entrains Alpine Fault are made of similar material ______(continental crust) so when they converge debris into the base layers of glacier ice ______they both push upwards rather than one side ‘sinking’ underneath the other.
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June 2021