DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolution of a Normal Fault System, Northern Graben, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evolution of a Normal Fault System, Northern Graben, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand EVOLUTION OF A NORMAL FAULT SYSTEM, NORTHERN GRABEN, TARANAKI BASIN, NEW ZEALAND Hamish Ewan Cameron A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Petroleum Geoscience School of Geography, Environment, and Earth Sciences Victoria University of Wellington 2016 Abstract This study investigates the evolution (from initiation to inactivity) of a normal fault system in proximity to active petroleum systems within the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The aim of this research is to understand the evolution, interaction, and in some cases, death of normal faults in a region undergoing progressive regional extension. This research provides insight into the geometry, development, and displacement history of new and reactivated normal fault evolution through interpretation of industry standard seismic reflection data at high spatial and temporal resolution. Insight into normal fault evolution provides information on subsidence rates and potential hydrocarbon migration pathways. Twelve time horizons between 1.2 and 35 Ma have been mapped throughout 1670 square kilometres of the Parihaka and Toro 3D seismic reflection surveys. Fault displacement analysis and backstripping have been used to determine the main phases of fault activity, fault growth patterns, and maximum Displacement/Length ratios. The timing, geometry, and displacement patterns for 110 normal faults with displacements >20 m have been interpreted and analysed using Paradigm SeisEarth and TrapTester 6 seismic interpretation and fault analysis software platforms. Normal faults within the Parihaka and Toro 3D seismic surveys began developing at ~11 Ma, with the largest faults accruing up to 1500 m of displacement in <10 Myr (mean throw displacement rate of 0.15mm/yr). Approximately 50% of the 110 mapped faults are associated with pre-existing normal faults and have typical cumulative displacements of ~20 – 1000 m, with strike parallel lengths of <1 – 23 km. In contrast, new faults have typically greater displacements of 20 – 1400 m, and are generally longer with, with strike parallel lengths of ~1 – 33 km. New faults were the first faults within the system to become inactive when strain rates decreased from 0.06 – 0.03 between 3.6 and 3.0 Ma. Eight of the largest faults with > 1000 m cumulative displacement reach the seafloor and are potentially active at present day. An earthquake on one of these faults could be expected to produce MW 2.2 based on the maximum strike-parallel length of the fault plane. i Acknowledgements The past 2 years have been some of the most memorable of my life so far. Here I will attempt to thank everyone that has had an impact on this thesis – without you it would not have been possible. First I must thank my wonderful and immensely patient supervisors from both Victoria and GNS Science. Tim Little, thank you for your brutal yet constructive criticisms, and ruthless dissection of written work. Thanks for always having an open door when I needed assistance, and putting me right when I wandered off course. Your vast scientific knowledge, and impeccable ability for logical, concise writing, has been inspirational throughout the writing of this thesis. Hannu Seebeck, thank you for your technical assistance with this project. You have taught me invaluable skills with seismic interpretation that formed the basis of this thesis, and I will value them for life. Thanks for getting me started on the project, even when it had shaky beginnings. Thanks for being so incredibly patient, and always being there to assist with my infinite questions, no matter how stupid they may have been. Andy Nicol, thanks for introducing me to Hannu, and suggesting I undertake this project in the first place. To the staff at GNS Science, thanks for making me feel so at home during my time there. It has been an awesome experience working and conversing with scientists at the forefront of their fields, and I feel truly privileged to have been accepted into your community. Special thanks must also go to Mark Lawrence and Suzanne Bull, who introduced me to the wonderful world of Petroleum Geoscience. Mark, thank you for overstepping your role and helping me obtain the contacts within GNS that led to this project getting off the ground. Finally, I must thank my friends and family for being so supportive during my time at University. To my parents, thank you for infinite support, hot meals, and never giving up on me through my constant indecision about my future. Without you I would never even be close to where I am today. Thanks to my loving partner Lucy, for always being there for me, and staying supportive no matter how much of our time this thesis ate into. I will always be thankful for you sticking with me through the good and the bad. ii Finally, thanks to my friends and fellow students at Vic, for helping me take much needed breaks from writing. “A learning experience is one of those things that says, 'You know that thing you just did? Don't do that.” - Douglas Adams, The Salmon of Doubt iii Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. iv Table of Figures ............................................................................................................... vii Table of Tables .................................................................................................................. x Table of Appendix Figures ................................................................................................. x Table of Appendix Tables ................................................................................................ xii Chapter 1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Study Area ............................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Petroleum System in the Study Area ...................................................................... 5 1.4 Petroleum Exploration in the Study Area – Past and Present................................ 8 1.5 Petroleum Exploration Permits in the Study Area .................................................. 8 1.6 Existing Research on Normal Fault Evolution and the Petroleum Systems of the Taranaki Basin ............................................................................................................... 9 1.7 Goals – How Will This Thesis Improve Research? ................................................. 13 1.8 Thesis Structure ..................................................................................................... 14 1.9 Nomenclature ........................................................................................................ 15 Chapter 2 Geologic setting .............................................................................................. 17 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Geologic Setting..................................................................................................... 17 2.3 Present Day New Zealand Plate Kinematics .......................................................... 18 2.4 Taranaki Basin Development ................................................................................. 20 iv 2.4.1 Taranaki Basin Structural Components .......................................................... 21 2.4.2 Western Stable Platform ................................................................................ 21 2.4.3 Eastern Mobile Belt ........................................................................................ 21 2.4.4 Northern Graben ............................................................................................ 23 2.4.5 Taranaki Basin Tectonic and Stratigraphic Summary ..................................... 24 2.5 North Island Miocene Arc Volcanism .................................................................... 26 2.5.1 North Island Miocene Volcanic Arc Migration ............................................... 27 2.5.2 North Island Volcanic Arc Migration - Slab Rollback ...................................... 28 2.5.3 North Island Volcanic Arc Migration - Mantle Instability ............................... 30 Chapter 3 Data and Methods .......................................................................................... 33 3.1 Seismic Data in the Study Area.............................................................................. 33 3.1.1 Parihaka 3D Seismic Reflection Survey ........................................................... 33 3.1.2 Toro 3D Seismic Reflection Survey ................................................................. 35 3.1.3 Uncertainties and Margins of Error ................................................................ 35 3.2 Well Data in the Study Area .................................................................................. 37 3.2.1 Taranaki Basin Stratigraphy and Biostratigraphy
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GNS Science Consultancy Report 2008/XXX
    Compilation of seismic reflection data from the Tasman Frontier region, southwest Pacific R. Sutherland P. Viskovic F. Bache V. Stagpoole J. Collot P. Rouillard T. Hashimoto R. Hackney K. Higgins N. Rollet M. Patriat W.R. Roest GNS Science Report 2012/01 March 2012 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE 1Sutherland, R.; 1Viskovic, P.; 1Bache, F.; 1Stagpoole, V.; 2Collot, J.; 3Rouillard, P.; 4Hashimoto, T.; 4Hackney, R.; 4Higgins, K.; 4Rollet, N.; 5Patriat, M.; 5Roest, W.R; 2012. Compilation of seismic reflection data from the Tasman Frontier region, southwest Pacific, GNS Science Report 2012/01. 72 p. 1 GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand 2 Service Géologique de Nouvelle-Calédonie (SGNC), Direction de l’Industrie des Mines et de l’Energie de Nouvelle Calédonie (DIMENC), B.P. 465, 98845 Nouméa, New Caledonia 3 Agence de Développement Economique de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (ADECAL), B.P. 2384, Nouméa, New Caledonia 4 Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia 5 Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER), Géosciences marines, Département Ressources physiques et Ecosystèmes de fond de Mer, Institut Carnot EDROME, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France © Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited, 2012 ISSN 1177-2458 ISBN 978-0-478-19879-9 CONTENTS ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Circulation and Mixing in Greater Cook Strait, New Zealand
    OCEANOLOGICA ACTA 1983- VOL. 6- N" 4 ~ -----!~- Cook Strait Circulation and mixing Upwelling Tidal mixing Circulation in greater Cook S.trait, Plume Détroit de Cook Upwelling .New Zealand Mélange Circulation Panache Malcolm J. Bowrnan a, Alick C. Kibblewhite b, Richard A. Murtagh a, Stephen M. Chiswell a, Brian G. Sanderson c a Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. b Physics Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. c Department of Oceanography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Received 9/8/82, in revised form 2/5/83, accepted 6/5/83. ABSTRACT The shelf seas of Central New Zealand are strongly influenced by both wind and tidally driven circulation and mixing. The region is characterized by sudden and large variations in bathymetry; winds are highly variable and often intense. Cook Strait canyon is a mixing basin for waters of both subtropical and subantarctic origins. During weak winds, patterns of summer stratification and the loci of tidal mixing fronts correlate weil with the h/u3 stratification index. Under increasing wind stress, these prevailing patterns are easily upset, particularly for winds b1owing to the southeasterly quarter. Under such conditions, slope currents develop along the North Island west coast which eject warm, nutrient depleted subtropical water into the surface layers of the Strait. Coastal upwelling occurs on the flanks of Cook Strait canyon in the southeastern approaches. Under storm force winds to the south and southeast, intensifying transport through the Strait leads to increased upwelling of subsurface water occupying Cook Strait canyon at depth.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Tsunamigenic Sources of the Bay of Plenty Region, GNS Science Consultancy Report 2011/224
    DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS Science) exclusively for and under contract to Bay of Plenty regional Council. Unless otherwise agreed in writing by GNS Science, GNS Science accepts no responsibility for any use of, or reliance on any contents of this Report by any person other than Bay of Plenty regional Council and shall not be liable to any person other than Bay of Plenty regional Council, on any ground, for any loss, damage or expense arising from such use or reliance. The data presented in this Report are available to GNS Science for other use from June 2012. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Prasetya, G. and Wang, X. 2011. Review of tsunamigenic sources of the Bay of Plenty region, GNS Science Consultancy Report 2011/224. 74 p. Project Number: 410W1369 Confidential 2011 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... VII 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 2.0 OVERVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ........................................................................ 1 2.1 Joint Tsunami Research Project of EBOP and EW (Bell et al. 2004) ............................ 1 2.2 Tsunami Source Study (Goff et al. 2006) ....................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Mw 8.5 Scenarios.............................................................................................. 5 2.2.1.1
    [Show full text]
  • The Age and Origin of Miocene-Pliocene Fault Reactivations in the Upper Plate of an Incipient Subduction Zone, Puysegur Margin
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The Age and Origin of Miocene‐Pliocene Fault 10.1029/2019TC005674 Reactivations in the Upper Plate of an Key Points: • Structural analyses and 40Ar/39Ar Incipient Subduction Zone, Puysegur geochronology reveal multiple fault reactivations accompanying Margin, New Zealand subduction initiation at the K. A. Klepeis1 , L. E. Webb1 , H. J. Blatchford1,2 , R. Jongens3 , R. E. Turnbull4 , and Puysegur Margin 5 • The data show how fault motions J. J. Schwartz are linked to events occurring at the 1 2 Puysegur Trench and deep within Department of Geology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA, Now at Department of Earth Sciences, University continental lithosphere of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 3Anatoki Geoscience Ltd, Dunedin, New Zealand, 4Dunedin Research Centre, GNS • Two episodes of Late Science, Dunedin, New Zealand, 5Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, Miocene‐Pliocene reverse faulting CA, USA resulted in short pulses of accelerated rock uplift and topographic growth Abstract Structural observations and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology on pseudotachylyte, mylonite, and other Supporting Information: fault zone materials from Fiordland, New Zealand, reveal a multistage history of fault reactivation and • Supporting information S1 uplift above an incipient ocean‐continent subduction zone. The integrated data allow us to distinguish • Table S1 true fault reactivations from cases where different styles of brittle and ductile deformation happen • Figure S1 • Table S2 together. Five stages of faulting record the initiation and evolution of subduction at the Puysegur Trench. Stage 1 normal faults (40–25 Ma) formed during continental rifting prior to subduction. These faults were reactivated as dextral strike‐slip shear zones when subduction began at ~25 Ma.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploration of New Zealand's Deepwater Frontier * GNS Science
    exploration of New Zealand’s deepwater frontier The New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is the 4th largest in the world at about GNS Science Petroleum Research Newsletter 4 million square kilometres or about half the land area of Australia. The Legal Continental February 2008 Shelf claim presently before the United Nations, may add another 1.7 million square kilometres to New Zealand’s jurisdiction. About 30 percent of the EEZ is underlain by sedimentary basins that may be thick enough to generate and trap petroleum. Although introduction small to medium sized discoveries continue to be made in New Zealand, big oil has so far This informal newsletter is produced to tell the eluded the exploration companies. industry about highlights in petroleum-related research at GNS Science. We want to inform Exploration of the New Zealand EEZ has you about research that is going on, and barely started. Deepwater wells will be provide useful information for your operations. drilled in the next few years and encouraging We welcome your opinions and feedback. results would kick start the New Zealand deepwater exploration effort. Research Petroleum research at GNS Science efforts have identified a number of other potential petroleum basins around New Our research programme on New Zealand's Zealand, including the Pegasus Sub-basin, Petroleum Resources receives $2.4M p.a. of basins in the Outer Campbell Plateau, the government funding, through the Foundation of deepwater Solander Basin, the Bellona Basin Research Science and Technology (FRST), between the Challenger Plateau and Lord and is one of the largest research programmes in GNS Science.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Resource Management Conflicts: Stakeholder Study Regarding Flood Protection in Wairarapa Moana
    Identifying Resource Management Conflicts: Stakeholder Study Regarding Flood Protection in Wairarapa Moana Sponsored By: Breanne Happell René Jacques Elizabeth van Zyl Elizabeth Walfield Identifying Resource Management Conflicts: Stakeholder Study Regarding Flood Protection in Wairarapa Moana An Interactive Qualifying Project Submitted to the Faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science In cooperation with The Greater Wellington Regional Council Submitted on March 1st, 2016 Submitted By: Breanne Happell René Jacques Elizabeth van Zyl Elizabeth Walfield Project Advisors: Bethel Eddy Robert Kinicki This report represents work of WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial or peer review. For more information about the projects program at WPI, see http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/Projects i Abstract This project aided the Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC) in gathering the opinions of stakeholders in regards to two flood protection methods in the Lower Wairarapa Valley of New Zealand: the Geoffrey Blundell Barrage Gates and the Ruamahanga River Cutoff. These methods regulate water levels in Lake Wairarapa. The team conducted 25 interviews with flood protection managers, farmers that live in the valley, and members of Ngāti Kahungunu, a Māori iwi (tribe). Our analysis found that fish passage through the gates, lake water levels, and whether the GWRC incorporated stakeholder opinions fairly were areas of concern to the stakeholder groups. This information will help to facilitate further communication between the stakeholder groups and the GWRC. ii Executive Summary This project evaluated the various views on the management of the Geoffrey Blundell Barrage Gates and the Ruamahanga River Cutoff, two flood protection methods implemented in Wairarapa Moana.
    [Show full text]
  • Well Log Interpretation and 3D Reservoir Property Modeling of Maui-B Field, Art Anaki Basin, New Zealand
    Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations Fall 2017 Well log interpretation and 3D reservoir property modeling of Maui-B field, arT anaki Basin, New Zealand Aziz Mennan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Petroleum Engineering Commons Department: Recommended Citation Mennan, Aziz, "Well log interpretation and 3D reservoir property modeling of Maui-B field, arT anaki Basin, New Zealand" (2017). Masters Theses. 7722. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/7722 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WELL LOG INTERPRETATION AND 3D RESERVOIR PROPERTY MODELING OF THE MAUI-B FIELD, TARANAKI BASIN, NEW ZEALAND by AZIZ MENNAN A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 2017 Approved by Dr. Ralph E. Flori, Advisor Dr. Kelly Liu Dr. Mingzhen Wei Copyright 2017 AZIZ MENNAN All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Maui-B is one of the largest hydrocarbon–producing fields in the Taranaki Basin. Many previous works have estimated reservoir volume. This study uses 3D property modeling, which is one of the most powerful tools to characterize lithol- ogy and reservoir fluids distribution through the field. This modeling will help in understanding the reservoir properties and enhancing the production by selecting the best location for future drilling candidates.
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Database Airborne Database Studies and Reports Well Data
    VOL. 8, NO. 2 – 2011 GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED geoexpro.com EXPLORATION New Zealand’s Ida Tarbell and the Standard Underexplored Oil Company Story Potential HISTORY OF OIL Alaska: The Start of Something Big TECHNOLOGY Is Onshore Exploration Lagging Behind? GEOLOGY GEOPHYSICS RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT Explore the Arctic Seismic database Airborne database Studies and reports Well data Contact TGS for your Arctic needs TGS continues to invest in geoscientific data in the Arctic region. For more information, contact TGS at: [email protected] Geophysical Geological Imaging Products Products Services www.tgsnopec.com Previous issues: www.geoexpro.com Thomas Smith Thomas GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED COLUMNS 5 Editorial 30 6 ExPro Update 14 Market Update The Canadian Atlantic basins extend over 3,000 km from southern Nova 16 A Minute to Read Scotia, around Newfoundland to northern Labrador and contain major oil 44 GEO ExPro Profile: Eldad Weiss and gas fields, but remain a true exploration frontier. 52 History of Oil: The Start of Something Big 64 Recent Advances in Technology: Fish are Big Talkers! FEATURES 74 GeoTourism: The Earth’s Oldest Fossils 78 GeoCities: Denver, USA 20 Cover Story: The Submerged Continent of New 80 Exploration Update New Zealand 82 Q&A: Peter Duncan 26 The Standard Oil Story: Part 1 84 Hot Spot: Australian Shale Gas Ida Tarbell, Pioneering Journalist 86 Global Resource Management 30 Newfoundland: The Other North Atlantic 36 SEISMIC FOLDOUT: Gulf of Mexico: The Complete Regional Perspective 42 Geoscientists Without Borders: Making a Humanitarian Difference 48 Indonesia: The Eastern Frontier Eldad Weiss has grown his 58 SEISMIC FOLDOUT: Exploration Opportunities in business from a niche provider the Bonaparte Basin of graphical imaging software to a global provider of E&P 68 Are Onshore Exploration Technologies data management solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Reservoir Characterization Study of the Mckee Formation, Onshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
    geosciences Article Integrated Reservoir Characterization Study of the McKee Formation, Onshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand Swee Poh Dong *, Mohamed R. Shalaby and Md. Aminul Islam Department of Physical and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam; [email protected] (M.R.S.); [email protected] (M.A.I.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +673-7168953 Received: 10 January 2018; Accepted: 13 March 2018; Published: 21 March 2018 Abstract: The Late Eocene onshore McKee Formation is a producing reservoir rock in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. An integrated petrophysical, sedimentological, and petrographical study was conducted to evaluate the reservoir characteristics of the McKee sandstone. A petrographic study of the McKee Formation classified the sandstone as arkose based on the Pettijohn classification. Porosity analysis showed predominantly intergranular porosity, as elucidated by the thin section photomicrographs. The good reservoir quality of McKee sandstone was suggested to be the result of the presence of secondary dissolution pores interconnected with the primary intergranular network. Mineral dissolution was found to be the main process that enhanced porosity in all the studied wells. On the other hand, the presence of clay minerals, cementation, and compaction were identified as the main porosity-reducing agents. These features, however, were observed to occur only locally, thus having no major impact on the overall reservoir quality of the McKee Formation. For a more detailed reservoir characterization, well log analysis was also applied in the evaluation of the McKee Formation. The result of the well log analysis showed that the average porosity ranged from 11.8% to 15.9%, with high hydrocarbon saturation ranging from 61.8% to 89.9% and clay volume content ranging from 14.9 to its highest value of 34.5%.
    [Show full text]
  • GMT Based Comparative Analysis and Geomorphological Mapping of the Kermadec and Tonga Trenches, Southwest Pacific Ocean Polina Lemenkova
    GMT Based Comparative Analysis and Geomorphological Mapping of the Kermadec and Tonga Trenches, Southwest Pacific Ocean Polina Lemenkova To cite this version: Polina Lemenkova. GMT Based Comparative Analysis and Geomorphological Mapping of the Ker- madec and Tonga Trenches, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Geographia Technica, Cluj University Press, 2019, 14 (2), pp.39-48. 10.21163/GT_2019.142.04. hal-02333464 HAL Id: hal-02333464 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02333464 Submitted on 16 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Geographia Technica, Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2019, pp 39 to 48 GMT BASED COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING OF THE KERMADEC AND TONGA TRENCHES, SOUTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN Polina LEMENKOVA1 DOI: 10.21163/GT_2019.142.04 ABSTRACT: Current study is focused on the GMT based modelling of the two hadal trenches located in southwest Pacific Ocean, eastwards from Australia: Tonga and Kermadec. Due to its inaccessible location, the seafloor of the deep-sea trench can only be visualized using remote sensing tools and advanced algorithms of data analysis. The importance of the developing and technical improving of the innovative methods in cartographic data processing is indisputable.
    [Show full text]
  • OMV New Zealand Limited and Shell
    PUBLIC VERSION OMV New Zealand Limited Application for Clearance of a Business Acquisition Under Section 66 of the Commerce Act 1986 Proposed Acquisition by OMV New Zealand Limited of Shares in Shell Exploration NZ Limited, Shell Taranaki Limited, Shell New Zealand (2011) Limited, and Energy Infrastructure Limited 15 June 2018 30750909_1.docx TABLE OF CONTENTS Part A: Executive Summary ................................................................................................. 5 The Parties .................................................................................................................. 5 The Transaction .......................................................................................................... 5 Affected Markets ......................................................................................................... 6 Counterfactual ............................................................................................................. 7 Industry Context .......................................................................................................... 8 No Substantial Lessening of Competition in the Natural Gas Market ........................ 8 No Substantial Lessening of Competition in the LPG Market .................................. 11 No Substantial Lessening of Competition in Markets for Other Assets ................... 12 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 13 Part B: The Parties .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology and History of the Kermadec Trench–Arc–Backarc
    Marine Geology 159Ž. 1999 35±62 www.elsevier.nlrlocatermargeo Morphology and history of the Kermadec trench±arc±backarc basin±remnant arc system at 30 to 328S: geophysical profile, microfossil and K±Ar data Peter F. Ballance a,), Albert G. Ablaev b, Igor K. Pushchin b, Sergei P. Pletnev b, Maria G. Birylina b, Tetsumaru Itaya c, Harry A. Follas a,1, Graham W. Gibson a,2 a UniÕersity of Auckland, PriÕate Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand b Pacific Oceanological Institute, 43 Baltiyskaya Street, VladiÕostok 690041, Russian Federation c Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Okayama UniÕersity of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700, Japan Received 8 January 1998; accepted 27 November 1998 Abstract Knowledge of the time span of arc activity, essential for correct tectonic reconstructions, has been lacking for the Kermadec arc system, but is supplied in this paper through study of microfossils contained in dredge samples, and K±Ar ages on dredged basalt clasts. The Kermadec system at south latitudes 30 to 328 in the southwest Pacific comprises from west to east the Colville RidgeŽ. remnant arc , Havre Trough Ž backarc basin . , Kermadec Ridge Ž. active arc and Kermadec TrenchŽ site of west-dipping subduction of Pacific plate lithosphere beneath the Australian plate. Data are presented from two traversesŽ. dredge, magnetic, single-channel seismic across the whole system. An important transverse tectonic boundary, the 328S Boundary, lies between the two traverse lines and separates distinct northernŽ. 32±258S and southern Ž.32±368S sectors. The northern sector is shallower and well sedimented with broad ridges and a diffuse backarc basin.
    [Show full text]