DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Copenhagen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Copenhagen Regeneration Processes in European Beech Forests Diaci, Jurij ; Dušan Rozenbergar Publication date: 2001 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Diaci, J., & Dušan Rozenbergar (2001). Regeneration Processes in European Beech Forests. Forest & Landscape Denmark. Nat-Man Working Report No. 3 Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 NAT-MAN Working Report 3 Regeneration Processes in European Beech Forests Jurij Diaci & Dušan Rozenbergar Contributors: Diaci J., Hahn K., van Hees A.F.M., Huss J., Butler Manning, D., Mountford E.P., Rozenbergar D., Standovár T., Wijdeven S.M.J. Deliverable 3 of the Nat-Man Project Produced under Work-Package 3 2001 The report is produced by the Nat-Man Project (Nature-based Management of Beech in Europe) co-ordinated by Forest & Landscape Denmark, and funded by the European Community 5th Framework Programme. Contact: Co-ordinator Jens Emborg, [email protected] - The report is available at www.flec.kvl.dk/natman CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................5 2 A REVIEW OF INFORMATION ON NATURAL REGENERATION IN BRITISH BEECHWOODS....7 2.1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................7 2.2 SEED PRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................13 2.2.1 Beech..................................................................................................................................13 2.2.2 Oak .....................................................................................................................................14 2.2.3 Ash......................................................................................................................................15 2.2.4 Sycamore............................................................................................................................16 2.2.5 Birch....................................................................................................................................16 2.3 SEED PREDATION BEFORE FALL .....................................................................................................16 2.3.1 Beech..................................................................................................................................16 2.3.2 Oak .....................................................................................................................................16 2.3.3 Ash, sycamore and birch.....................................................................................................17 2.4 SEED DISPERSAL ..........................................................................................................................17 2.4.1 Beech..................................................................................................................................17 2.4.2 Oak .....................................................................................................................................17 2.4.3 Ash......................................................................................................................................17 2.4.4 Sycamore............................................................................................................................17 2.4.5 Birch....................................................................................................................................17 2.5 SEED PREDATION AFTER FALL .......................................................................................................18 2.5.1 Beech..................................................................................................................................18 2.5.2 Oak .....................................................................................................................................18 2.5.3 Ash, sycamore and birch.....................................................................................................18 2.6 SEED GERMINATION AND INITIAL ESTABLISHMENT............................................................................19 2.6.1 Beech..................................................................................................................................19 2.6.2 Oak .....................................................................................................................................19 2.6.3 Ash......................................................................................................................................19 2.6.4 Sycamore............................................................................................................................20 2.6.5 Birch....................................................................................................................................20 2.7 SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT..............................................................................................................20 2.7.1 Beech..................................................................................................................................20 2.7.2 Oak .....................................................................................................................................23 2.7.3 Ash......................................................................................................................................25 2.7.4 Sycamore............................................................................................................................26 2.7.5 Birch....................................................................................................................................27 2.8 SPECIFIC CASE-STUDIES OF NATURAL REGENERATION IN BEECH WOODLAND ....................................28 2.9 SILVICULTURAL VIEW OF NATURAL REGENERATION OF BEECH ..........................................................31 2.10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................35 2.11 REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................37 3 NATURAL REGENERATION IN BEECH FORESTS IN THE NETHERLANDS, NORT-WESTERN GERMANY, BELGIUM AND NORTHERN FRANCE .............................................................................44 3.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................44 3.2 REGENERATION PRACTICES ..........................................................................................................44 3.3 SEED PRODUCTION AND DISPERSAL ...............................................................................................45 3.4 GERMINATION AND ESTABLISHMENT...............................................................................................45 3.4.1 Growth form ........................................................................................................................46 3.4.2 Light ....................................................................................................................................46 3.4.3 Drought, frost, humus..........................................................................................................46 3.4.4 Growth ................................................................................................................................47 3.4.5 Regeneration patterns.........................................................................................................47 3.4.6 Browsing .............................................................................................................................48 2 3.5 EXPERIMENTS ..............................................................................................................................48 3.6 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................50 4 GAP-PHASE REGENERATION AND GROUND VEGETATION IN BEECH FORESTS OF CENTRAL EUROPE .............................................................FEJL! BOGMÆRKE ER IKKE DEFINERET. 4.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................FEJL! BOGMÆRKE ER IKKE DEFINERET. 4.2 MAIN ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN REGION.......... FEJL! BOGMÆRKE ER IKKE DEFINERET. 4.2.1 Geographical location......................................................Fejl! Bogmærke er ikke defineret. 4.2.2 Climatic conditions ..........................................................Fejl! Bogmærke er ikke defineret. 4.2.3 Geology and relief ...........................................................Fejl! Bogmærke er ikke defineret. 4.2.4 Vegetation types .............................................................Fejl! Bogmærke er ikke defineret. 4.3 NATURAL REGENERATION AND GROUND VEGETATION...............FEJL! BOGMÆRKE ER IKKE DEFINERET. 4.3.1 Seed production..............................................................Fejl! Bogmærke er ikke defineret. 4.3.1.1 Initiation of seed production.........................................Fejl! Bogmærke er ikke defineret. 4.3.1.2 The frequency and size of beech masts in Central Europe...........Fejl! Bogmærke er ikke defineret.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Plym Valley Connections Heritage Lottery Fund Project
    Designers of the London 2012 Olympic Parklands PLYM VALLEY CONNECTIONS HERITAGE LOTTERY FUND PROJECT LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AND HERITAGE ASSESSMENT AUGUST 2013 CONTENTS 1.0 FOREWORD 5 2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 3.0 INTRODUCTION 10 4.0 APPROACH TO THE LCHA 12 5.0 METHODOLOGY 14 5.1. Guidance and Sources of Information 14 5.2. Study Area 15 6.0 OVERVIEW OF ASSESSMENT THEMES 16 6.1. Introduction 16 6.2. Physical Landscape and Natural Heritage 16 6.3. Cultural Heritage 22 6.4. People, Access and Places 30 6.5. Drivers for Change 33 7.0 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS 34 1. Coastal and Tidal Waters Landscape Character Type 36 2. Open Coastal Plateau and Cliffs Landscape Character Type 42 3. Lowland Plain Landscape Character Type 44 4. Wooded Valley and Farmland Landscape Character Type 46 5. Upland Fringes Landscape Character Type 54 6. Upland Moorland Landscape Character Type 62 7. Urban Landscape Character type 64 8.0 PROPOSED HLF BOUNDARY AND CONSIDERATIONS 66 9.0 CONCLUSIONS 68 APPENDICES 71 Appendix 1. Workshop Summary Findings Appendix 2. List of Significant Heritage Assets Appendix 3. Gazetteer of Environmental Assets Appendix 4. Landscape Character Overview FIGURES 4 1.0 FOREWORD “The longer one stays here the more does the spirit of the moor sink into one’s soul, its vastness, and also its grim charm. When you are once out upon its bosom you have left all traces of modern England behind you, but, on the other hand, you are conscious everywhere of the homes and the work of the prehistoric people.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2015
    MARCH 2018 Tues 28th - Sat 31st Web visits hit 117000 over the period + usual estate management tasks carried out + tree checks and path condition checks + Easter Car Trial went ahead on the Saturday + Comma, Brimstone, Red Admiral all noted throughout the sunnier periods ( few and far between - Easter period very cold ) + the very light phase Buzzard is still around ( photo taken from house to right across the valley again ) + more Willow Tit surveys ( none ) + unusual not to have heard the first Chiffchaff Weds 22nd - Mon 27th Away for awhile up t'north Mon 20th - Tues 21st Loads of data checking for a couple of days which led me onto checking loads of other stuff + tidying up my files from the past 30 years ( I got x45 'old' tech 3in discs - probably just recycle them coz I forget whats on them ) + loads of snow to cope with again but mainly gone by Tues evening + more AR + toadspawn noticed in HH Pond + 100's of frogpoles Sun 19th Very heavy snow overnight and most of the late afternoon + valley snowed in yet again but at least my water is still on + early flowers having a time of it but they should be OK + be interesting if PBF's are affected by this unusual weather so late in the season ( I've always surmised that the larvae enjoy a period of sunshine and early spring warmth to push on their development ) + my dog Molly had a tick on her ear today ( go figure - ticks evolving to survive cold winters ! They'll be flying next...
    [Show full text]
  • NCA Profile:150 Dartmoor
    National Character 150. Dartmoor Area profile: Supporting documents www.naturalengland.org.uk 1 National Character 150. Dartmoor Area profile: Supporting documents Introduction National Character Areas map As part of Natural England’s responsibilities as set out in the Natural Environment 1 2 3 White Paper , Biodiversity 2020 and the European Landscape Convention , we are North revising profiles for England’s 159 National Character Areas (NCAs). These are areas East that share similar landscape characteristics, and which follow natural lines in the landscape rather than administrative boundaries, making them a good decision- Yorkshire making framework for the natural environment. & The North Humber NCA profiles are guidance documents which can help communities to inform their West decision-making about the places that they live in and care for. The information they contain will support the planning of conservation initiatives at a landscape East scale, inform the delivery of Nature Improvement Areas and encourage broader Midlands partnership working through Local Nature Partnerships. The profiles will also help West Midlands to inform choices about how land is managed and can change. East of England Each profile includes a description of the natural and cultural features that shape our landscapes, how the landscape has changed over time, the current key London drivers for ongoing change, and a broad analysis of each area’s characteristics and ecosystem services. Statements of Environmental Opportunity (SEOs) are South East suggested, which draw on this integrated information. The SEOs offer guidance South West on the critical issues, which could help to achieve sustainable growth and a more secure environmental future.
    [Show full text]
  • (SA) SCOPING REPORT: FINAL October 2017
    DARTMOOR NATIONAL PARK AUTHORITY LOCAL PLAN REVIEW SUSTAINABILITY APPRAISAL (SA) SCOPING REPORT: FINAL October 2017 DARTMOOR NATIONAL PARK AUTHORITY LOCAL PLAN REVIEW SUSTAINABILITY APPRAISAL (SA) (incorporating Strategic Environmental Assessment, Equality Impact Assessment and Habitats Regulations Assessment) SA Scoping Report: Final date: June 2017 v1 Initial DRAFT August 2017 Final Draft October 2017 Final Report prepared for: Dartmoor National Park Authority prepared by: Barbara Carroll Enfusion Owen Jeffreys Enfusion David Payne Cissbury Consulting quality Barbara Carroll Enfusion assurance: Treenwood House Rowden Lane Bradford-on-Avon BA15 2AU T: 01225 867112 www.enfusion.co.uk Dartmoor National Park Local Plan Review Sustainability Appraisal Scoping Report: Final CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction Sustainability Appraisal (SA) incorporating 1 Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), Equalities Impact Assessment (EqIA) and Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) The Dartmoor Local Plan Review 3 Purpose and Structure of this SA Scoping Report 4 2 Policy Context Introduction 5 Key Plans and Programmes 5 International; Regional Local; Adjacent Development Plans Implications for the Local Plan and SA 9 3 Baseline Information Introduction 12 Themes - current situation, trends and evolution without the Plan 12 Landscape & Settlement Character 12 Biodiversity, Geodiversity and Green Infrastructure 18 Historic Environment 23 Soils, Land & Minerals 27 Water: Resources, Quality, Flooding 28 Communities 33 Housing 35 Health & Equalities 36 Economy
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Plants of Devon
    The vascular plants of Devon Flora as Lycopodium inundatum L. p.754, Atlas p.1 (6), 1987 Lycopodiaceae onwards (3). VC3 l Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Shrank & Mart. SX55 Edges of pools in old china clay workings at Fir Clubmoss – Map 1 Smallhanger Waste, Crownhill Down, SX576595, Occasional. Native. A Boreo-arctic Montane species, on the 1980, R.Davies (Wigston et al. 1981); in three places, edge of its range in Devon. Mainly restricted to Dartmoor, locally dominant over several square metres where it has been recorded on 31 tors since 2000, amongst small Molinia caerulea tussocks at principally on ledges and amongst clitter, with a few SX578596, 1994, R.E.N.Smith ; 30 colonies varying substantial populations in wet heath by small streams. from a few plants to an almost continuous patch Individual plants are occasionally found on heath or measuring 32 x 40 m in two clay pits and by two blanket peat remote from any of the bigger populations. In ponds, SX5759, 2000, N.F.Stewart (Stewart & the past it has been recorded from Exmoor and various FitzGerald 2001); in northwest corner of an sites in East and South Devon, but there is only one recent abandoned china clay pit, near the shallowly record from East Devon, at Hense Moor. flooded floor, several hundred, perhaps a few Flora as Lycopodium selago L. p.753, Atlas p.1 (38), 1987 thousand plants, SX576597, 2003, P.D.Pullen . Three onwards (35). tiny plants in the bottom of ditch on Headon Down, Map 1. Huperzia selago (Fir Clubmoss) Lutton, SX585595, 2007, A.J.Byfield.
    [Show full text]
  • Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey Report
    Appendix 10.1i Waye Lane Replacement Route – Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey Report LINHAY HILL QUARRY: WAYE LANE REPLACEMENT ROUTE EXTENDED PHASE 1 HABITAT SURVEY REPORT On behalf of E & JW Glendinning Ltd. MAY 2016 LINHAY HILL QUARRY: WAYE LANE EXTENDED PHASE 1 HABITAT SURVEY REPORT E&JW GLENDINNING LTD. MAY 2016 CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 3 1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW & SITE CONTEXT ................................................................. 3 1.2 BRIEF & OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................... 3 2.0 LEGISLATION & PLANNING POLICY ........................................................... 4 2.1 LEGISLATION ...................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Statutory Designated Sites ........................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Hedgerows .................................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Protected Species ......................................................................................... 5 2.1.4 Notable Species & Habitats .......................................................................... 6 2.2 PLANNING POLICY .............................................................................................. 6 2.2.1 National Planning Policy ............................................................................... 6 2.2.2
    [Show full text]
  • High Nature Value Farmland in Rural Development Policy Dartmoor Case
    Cumulus Consultants Ltd High Nature Value farmland in Rural Development policy Dartmoor Case Study Report for European Forum on Nature Conservation and Pastoralism Issue: 4.0 Report No: CC-P-504.4 Date of Issue: 2 August 2011 Commercial in Confidence High Nature Value farmland in Rural Development policy Dartmoor Case Study Report Prepared for European Forum on Nature Conservation and Pastoralism Report prepared by: Paul Silcock Jeni Pring John Waldon Report reviewed by: Paul Silcock Cumulus Consultants Ltd, The Palmers, Wormington Grange, Wormington, Broadway, Worcestershire. WR12 7NJ Telephone: +44 (0)1386 584950 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cumulus-consultants.co.uk HNV Farmland in Rural Development Policy – Dartmoor Case Study Page i Reference: CC-P-504.4 Issue 4.0 Date: 2 August 2011 Commercial in Confidence Acknowledgements We would like to thank all those who have contributed to this case study in particular Guy Beaufoy (EFNCP), John Waldon and Kevin Rylands (RSPB). We would also like to thank all those farmers who kindly agreed to be interviewed and provided valuable insight into the management of HNVF on farms across the Dartmoor Case Study Area. Thanks are also due to those stakeholders who contributed to the research through telephone interviews. Glossary AE Agri-Environment AES Agri-Environment Scheme BAP Biodiversity Action Plan BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy CAP Common Agricultural Policy CWS County Wildlife Site DA Disadvantaged Area DEFRA Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
    [Show full text]
  • Deserted Sites and Rabhit-Warrens on Dartmoor, Devon by CATHERINE D
    Deserted Sites and Rabhit-Warrens on Dartmoor, Devon By CATHERINE D. LINEHAN This paper summarizes the evidence for enclosures and homesteads on Dartmoor from the time if Domesday onward. Part I lists the known deserted sites, including those for which there is asyet no identified name or documentary evidence. A fuller description is given ofthe deserted sites in Okehampton Park;' of three sites in a rabbit-warren on Spitchwick Common in Widecombe-in-the-Moor; if a group of sites in Corn wood; and if Butterberry in Peter Tavy. Maps are given of these four special areas (FIGS. 52, 54, 56, 58), together with a distribution-map C!f sites on Dartmoor as a whole (FIG. 47), and sketch-plans ifa number if individual sites. I Part II contains a summary of the written evidence for rabbit-warrens on Dartmoor, anda list ifI6 sites which contain pillow-mounds. INTRODUCTION HE upland region of Dartmoor in Devon contains some II 1,000 acres (FIG. 46). Of this the Duchy of Cornwall owns about 29,000 acres of un­ T enclosed land, together with certain areas of enclosed land. The remainder, estimated at about 59,000 acres, consists of 'venville commons'­ land subject to certain rights by Scale of Miles local villages." o 5 10 20 30 40 Dartmoor has long been Scale of KJlometr~5 known and studied for its pre­ 20 40 60 historic remains and mining activities. Little interest, how­ ever, has been shown in its many deserted homesteads, or in the old rabbit-warrens with their pillow-mounds, known locally as 'burys' or 'buries'.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Environment Agency Plan
    £ " /\ - S o [ A J ^ h 6 0 y 5 local environment agency plan TAMAR ESTUARY AND TRIBUTARIES CONSULTATION REPORT JULY 1996 Environment Agency Copyright Waiver This report is intended to be used widely and may be quoted, copied or reproduced in any way, provided that the extracts are not quoted out of context and that due acknowledgement is given to the Environment Agency Published July 1996 l+o E n v i r o n m e n t A g e n c y Information Services Unit Please return or renew this item by the due date Due Date Foreword The Tamar Estuaries and Tributaries Local Environment Agency Plan is the first in a series of such plans to be published by Cornwall Area Environment Agency. These plans expand the concept of former National Rivers Authority's Catchment Management Plans to encompass the wider range of responsibilities of the Agency. This plan sets out the Agency's vision for realising the potential of the local environment and will be used as a principle tool by the Agency at a local and regional level in planning and delivering environmental improvements. This document is inter-related with the Tamar Estuaries Consultative Forum's Tamar Estuaries Management Plan. The latter concentrates specifically on Plymouth Sound and the estuaries of the Rivers Plym, Tamar, Tavy and Lynher, and is concerned with social, economic and environmental improvements to the estuarine catchment. An important stage in the production of both plans is a period of public consultation. We are keen to draw on the expertise and interest of the local communities and for them to have a say in the development of Agency plans and work programmes.
    [Show full text]
  • Dartmoor Preservation Association High House Moor Management Plan 2004
    Dartmoor Preservation Association High House Moor Management Plan 2004 - 2014 Hilary Marshall BSc MSc November 2003 Page 1. Site details 4 1.1 Physical 4 1.2 Acquisition and tenure 4 1.3 Boundaries 6 2. Evaluation 6 2.1.Designations 6 2.2.Species records 9 2.2.1. Plants 9 2.2.2. Birds 11 2.2.3. Dragonflies 12 2.2.4. Butterflies 14 2.2.5. Other animals 14 2.3.Habitats present 15 2.3.1. Grass moor 16 2.3.2. Bracken 21 2.3.3. Heathland 22 2.3.4. Oakwood 22 2.3.5. Other trees 24 2.3.6. (Valley) mire/Rhôs pasture 26 2.3.7. Stone walls 27 2.3.8. Streams 27 2.3.9. Habitat photographs 27 2.4.Archaeological features 27 2.5.Access 29 3. Past history and management 29 3.1.1964 – 1993 29 3.2.1993 onwards 30 3.2.1. Access and management agreement 30 3.2.2. ESA agreement 31 3.2.3. Farm Business Tenancy 31 3.2.4. Other management 31 3.3.Monitoring in progress 31 High House Moor Management Plan 2003 – Hilary Marshall 1 4. Objectives for 2004 – 2014 32 4.1.Archaeology 32 4.2.Biodiversity 33 4.2.1. Grass moor 33 4.2.2. Bracken 33 4.2.3. Heathland 34 4.2.4. Upland oakwood 34 4.2.5. Other trees 35 4.2.6. (Valley) mire 35 4.3.Access 35 4.4.Interpretation 36 5. Implementation 36 6. Work plan 37 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Countryside Matters 2021
    COUNTRYSIDE MATTERS | NNR MAY 2021 www.pebblebedheathsnnr.co.uk INDEX The ‘crown jewel’ helping nature to thrive 4 Board appointed to guide future of new NNR 6 A landscape millions of years in the making 8 How our ancestors left their mark 10 Photographs capturing the spirit of the heaths 12 Incredibly diverse role of dedicated rangers 15 Space for nature to thrive 16 A declaration of national importance 18 Volunteers helping people and the environment 20 An array of special species at home on the heaths 22 Resilient NNR is a hotspot for wildlife 24 Lifelong learning in an amazing outdoor classroom 26 Positive action for our health and wellbeing 28 Engaging and educating the public about reserves 31 Conserving and enhancing an outstanding environment 32 What you can find at Devon’s other NNRs 34 2 www.pebblebedheathsnnr.co.uk COUNTRYSIDE MATTERS | NNR MAY 2021 FOREWORD There is little doubt that the East Devon Pebblebed Heaths are as precious to wildlife and visitors as they have been to generations of my family who, as stewards of this wonderful part of Devon, are responsible for handing the land over in a better condition for future generations. The Heaths have always held a special place in our hearts and minds. Until the late 1800s the Commoners were tenant farmers on the Estate who exercised their rights to graze animals and collect wood, heather and gorse. As the demands for recreation and space for exercise increased, and the use for agriculture declined, my great grandfather, the 21st Baron Clinton, signed a deed in 1930 to bring the whole area under the 1925 Law of Property Act, giving the public rights of “Air and Exercise.” My family and I are delighted that this special landscape, the ‘spine’ of the East Devon Estate, has been recognised as a National Nature Reserve.
    [Show full text]
  • Participation and Fishery Value
    River Yealm SAP Consultation Item Type monograph Publisher Environment Agency Download date 30/09/2021 20:46:55 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/27371 River Yealm Salmon Action Plan – Consultation Document Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... 1 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ 2 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 4 PART 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 6 PART 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE CATCHMENT ............................................................ 7 PART 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE FISHERY ................................................................... 16 3.1 SUMMARY OF THE RIVER YEALM FISHERY ...................................................... 16 3.1.1 The River Yealm rod fishery .................................................................................. 16 3.1.2 Additional Legislation of Relevance to the Salmonid Fishery. .............................. 17 3.2 CATCHES, FISHING EFFORT AND EXPLOITATION ............................................ 19 3.2.1 Salmon Rod Catches ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]