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Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities in National Museum. 465 CATALOGUE OF EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 465 V. CATALOGUE OF THE EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEU ANTIQUITIESF MO , EDINBURGH. BY . MURRAY MisA . M s . AMULETS. Amulets were use protectios da n from evi r e livinlfo th bot d r gan fo h amulete deade e livinth Th th e difficulr . ar gsfo distinguisho t t t i t bu , is fairly certain-that many of the scarabs, and all figures of gods, the sacred animals, and the ankh and nefer signs, with a hole or ring for e livingsuspension th werd f o an , e e persoe hunus th ,e n gwerno th r efo as pendants on bead necklaces. The specific use of the amulets for the dea stils di l obscure theid an , r position mumme th n o s y often vary con- siderably.1 The materials also vary greatly, stone and glazed pottery bein commoneste gth mann I . y amulets, thoug materiae hth l variese th , colour is fixed, e.g., the Sacrificed Ox is always red, the Two Fingers always blac verr ko y dark Papyrue th , s Sceptre generally gree greenisr no h blue. Many type f amuleto s s occu n veri r y early times d continuan , e until the Ptolemaic and Eoman period ; the chief of these are, the Sacred Eye Scarabe th , Pillowe th , Girdle th , e Buckle Papyrue th , s Sceptree th , Hand either outstretche Foot e closedr dth o d . an , Sacred, eye. Amulet used for protection against the evil eye, the bites of serpents, and words spoken in envy or anger. 1 Blue glaze. Black eyebrow and eye. 2| x l/j- inches. 2 Blue glaze. Openwork. Black eyebrow and eye. 1 x f inch. 3 Blue glaze. Eight eye. Black eyebro eyed wan . 4 Blue glaze. Incised. Blu5 e glaze. Black eyebro eyed wan . Blu6 e glaze. Gree7 n glaze, with rin suspensionr gfo . 8 Green glaze, with rin suspensionr gfo . 9 Green glaze. Black eyebrow and eye. othere th n o .side 0 Greee s 1 on ,Be n no glazee Ey . 1 Gree1 n glaze. Very small. illustratioe show9 Th 51 l . s theiNo f no r positio Mumme th n no Sebanf yo . 466 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MAY 8, 1899. 12 Green glaze (broken). 13 Quadruple eye in blue glaze. Diorit4 1 e eye. 1 £Jx inch. 15 Diorit f inche x eye f .. Blac6 1 k basalt eye. 1 fyJx inches. : 17 Brown stone eye. |x finch. 18 Alabaster eye raisen i , d f .workinch. x 1 .. .... 19 Red jasper eye. ^inchf x . 20 Eye in gold foil, f x f inch. Pillow. - Symbolising rest for the dead. 21 Black basalt pillow with octagonal pillar. 1-|- x ^J inches. 22 Black basalt pillow with circular pillar, ^f x -f^ inch. 3 Diorit2 e pillow with square abacus, -j- ^gx f inch. 24 Pillo potterywn i f inch x f ., 5 25 Pillow in dark red glaze. ^ x T ff inch. Pectoral. This typ amulef eo rare s variei td an , s greatl desigyn i d nan material. This pectoral possibly belongs to the scribe of Eameses II., whose statue is in the British. Museum (No. 46). 26 Pectoral in red-brown glaze. Inscribed for " The Scribe of the Lord of the Two Lands, Pyaay." Dad sign. .The emblem of Osiris, signifying stability and firmness. It represents a row of four pillars seen in perspective; the pillars on foue restth y r s alswhic t sk cornera searthe ha o e th t beeh I th f .o s n called the Nilometer, arid the Backbone of Osiris. At Busiris (" the House of Osiris "), in. the Delta, there was a great annual festival of the Setting-up of the Dad. 27 Dad sign in blue glaze, with plinth at back. 2 x fa inches. 28 Dad sign' in dark blue glaze, with plinth at back. 1 j x J inches. 29 Dad sign in grey glaze, with plinth at back. 30 Lazuli dad sign, surmounted by Osiris-crown, feathers, and horns. Plinth at back. Gree1 3 n glaz signd eda , with plint t backha . 32 Dad sign in grey glaze, with plinth at back. sigd carneliann i Da 3 3 , with plint t bacha k (broken). 34 Dad sign in blue glaze, flat, ^f x A- inch. 35 Flat dad sign in lazuli, surmounted by Osiris-crown, feathers, and horns. 36 Flasignd da t . 1JJx inches. jasper37-38 d signd re Da n si , lazuli turquoisd ,an e (broken). §c-^M*1" 72. 887A 77 8879 70 27 3S 39 40 10* 102. EGYPTIAN AMULETS. 8 46 • PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH 8Y F , O S1899 MA , , Double featJiers. Tins amule y possiblma t y signify sovereigntye th ; straight feathers being worn only by Min, Father of the Gods, and Amen,1 King of the Gods, and the curved feathers only by Osiris, chief God of Deade th . 39 Straight double feather basaltn si . f inches Ifx . 40 Double feathers curve t top,da whitn i e glaze. 1 J^x inches. 41 Double feathers curve t topda blun i , e glaze, f inch ^fx . 42 Double feathers curve t topda whitn i , e glaze. -J inch. 43 Double feathers in schist, curved top and bottom. Doubl4 4 e feather polishen si d stone , bottomd curvean p dto . Doubl5 4 e feather stonn si e with trace f greeso n glaze ,bottomd curvean p dto , with disk in the middle. Shen sign. This amulet is not very common. 46 Shen sign in white glaze, £ x f inch. 47 Shen sign in granite, J| x £ inch. Papyrus sceptre, e embleth f eternamo l youth. 48 Papyrus sceptre in green glaze. 49 Papyrus sceptre in blue glaze. 3J inches. 50-51 Papyrus sceptre blun si e glaze. 52 Papyrus sceptre in green glazed alabaster. 53 Papyrus sceptre in black basalt. The pronunciation of ancient Egyptian is a very obscure question, especially as language th writtens 1 ewa , like many other Eastern languages, without vowelss A . it is impossible to pronounce a word written in consonants only, it is customary when transliteratin divido gt consonante eth s wit lettee hth . rE Ther e are, however, three letter n Egyptiai s n whic e conventionallhar y transliterate s thea t y bu , A y db are quite distinct froanothee mon s necessari t i r differentiato yt e the othey mb r signs, viz. : a, a, a. A is like the H-mute in French ; it has no effect on the pronunciation, but serves to show that a vowel is to follow. In later times it indicated a lon. gA s perhapAi s semi-consonane neareth o t r othey thaan Y t r o nt lette n i r the English alphabet. 'A is a "peculiar guttural breathing unknown to European languages." It is known in modern Arabic as Ain. Ther alse ear o three , formdistinguisheH f o s hs dkh.,a d han , pronounces i H d likEnglise eth . hH H is a slight guttural, as in the Scotch "locli." KH is the hard guttural found in German, Dutch, and many Eastern languages. CATALOGUE OF EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 469 Heart. jasped 54Be r heart, inlaid with lazuli (broken). inch£ 1x . Hear5 5 green i t n basalt, -/g inch. 56 Heart in gold foil. 1^ x jf inches. 57 Basalt heart. J inch. Cartouche. 58 Green glaze cartouche with the name " Nub-em-maat." 59 Cartouche in lazuli. Girdle buckle. Emblematic of the blood of Isis, which washes away wearere sine th f th so . 60 Girdle buckle in blue glaze. 61 Girdle jasperbuckld re n e.i 1 ^ T%x inches. 62-63 Girdle buckle blun si e glaze. 64 Girdle buckle in brown stone (broken). Square. The Square and the Plummet-stand are always associated together. 65 Builders' squar darn ei k stone. 66 Builders' squar darn ei k stone. Plummet stand. 67 Plummet stand in dark stone. The Menat s usualli y calle e Counterpoiseth d s supposei d e b an , o dt placed at the back of the neck to keep the necklace in place. That this is not the case is shewn by the Menat being peculiar only to certain gods, e.g., Ptah, and sometimes Khonsu. Mena8 6 bronzen i t , with head Basf sOsiriso d tan . Two fingers. This amulet is one of the few whose position on the mummy never varies; it is always on the left side of the pelvis. 69 Two ringers in black basalt, -with traces of gilding. 2-| x f inches. Clenched hand. Clenche0 7 d han blun di e glaze f inch, . 71 Clenched hand in bronze. 1§ x J inches. Gloiliing amulet. 72 Clothing amulet in red limestone. VOL. XXXIII. 2 H 470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MAY 8, 1899. Plaque. Plaqu3 7 green ei n glaze, wit figuree hth Horusf o s , IsisNephthysd an , . Plaqu4 7 green ei n glaze, with figure godf o sacresd san d eyes. Plaqu5 7 blun ei e glaze, wit figure animal-headen hth a f eo d god. 76 Plaque in black lignite. Aegis. 77 Aegis of Bes in yellowish glaze. If x 1 inches. Foot. 78 Foot in crystal. Mummy Her.n o Thi sa ver seeme yb lato t se typ f amuleteo s i t i ; not known before the Ptolemaic period. Mumm9 7 bien yo goln ri d foil. Collar. 80 Colla lighn i r t brown stone inc1 height.n h i . Sacrificed ox.
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