Alefirenko, N., Gigolayeva, A., Dekhnich, O., Chumak-Zhun’, I. /Vol. 8 Núm. 21: 142-149/ Julio - agosto 2019 142

Artículo de investigación Discursive-Pragmatic Modeling of the Language Image

Дискурсивно-прагматическое моделирование языкового образа

Modelado discursivo-pragmático de la imagen del lenguaje

Recibido: 25 de mayo del 2019 Aceptado: 16 de junio del 2019 Written by: Alefirenko N.F. 37 Gigolayeva А.Т.38 Dekhnich O. V.39 Chumak-Zhun’ I.I.40

Abstract Аннотация

The paper considers the problems of language В статье рассматриваются проблемы modeling of the image of the world, allowing to языкового моделирования образа мира, recreate the basic concepts, topics of reality they позволяющие воссоздать основные понятия, represent. A special place is occupied among темы реальности, которые они представляют. them by the modeling of the subjective image of Особое место среди них занимает a charismatic personality, which in one way or моделирование субъективного образа another personifies the life-sense of his era (Peter харизматической личности, которая так или I, mother Theresa, Iron Lady, Theresa May, etc.). иначе олицетворяет жизненный смысл его The focus is on the spiritual, physical and эпохи (Петр I, мать Тереза, Железная леди, ideological modi of the created language image, Тереза Мэй и др.). Основное внимание its suggestive interaction and the development of уделяется духовным, физическим и society. The peculiarity of the linguistic image is идеологическим способам создаваемого that the person is synergistically recreated, he is языкового образа, его внушающему not outside of the subjective attitude of the author взаимодействию и развитию общества. of the text, whether it is mass media or artistic and Особенность языкового образа заключается в historical texts. Though subjective, the linguistic том, что человек синергетически воссоздан, image is created through the speech interpretation он не находится вне субъективного of realities. The linguistic image embodies the отношения автора текста, будь то средства real world with the help of semantic dynamics of массовой информации или художественно- words, representing ideologemes, culturemes and исторические тексты. Лингвистический concepts as cognitive-discursive constructs of a образ, хотя и субъективный, создается socially significant event. посредством речевой интерпретации реалий. Лингвистический образ воплощает реальный Key Words: linguistic image, linguistic мир с помощью семантической динамики personality, cognitive-communicative event, слов, представляя идеологемы, культурмы и ideologeme, cultureme, concept. понятия как когнитивно-дискурсивные конструкции социально значимого события.

Ключевые слова: лингвистический образ, языковая личность, когнитивно- коммуникативное событие, идеологема, культура, концепт.

37 D. of Philology, Professor, Honored Worker of Science of RF, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Belgorod National Research University”, Belgorod, Russia; 38 Gigolayeva А.Т., Ph D Student, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Belgorod National Research University”, Belgorod, Russia. 39 Dekhnich O. V., Cand. Sc. Philology, Associate Professor, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Belgorod National Research University”, Belgorod, Russia 40 Chumak-Zhun’ I.I., D. of Philology, Professor, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Belgorod National Research University”, Belgorod, Russia

Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla.edu.co/revistas/index.php/amazonia-investiga ISSN 2322- 6307 Vol. 8 Núm. 21 /Julio - agosto 2019 143

Resumen

El artículo considera los problemas del modelado del lenguaje de la imagen del mundo, permitiendo recrear los conceptos básicos, temas de la realidad que representan. Un lugar especial está ocupado entre ellos por el modelado de la imagen subjetiva de una personalidad carismática, que de una u otra manera personifica el sentido de la vida de su época (Pedro I, madre Teresa, Hierro Dama, Teresa Mayo, etc.). La atención se centra en el modo espiritual, físico e ideológico de la imagen del lenguaje creado, su interacción sugerente y el desarrollo de la sociedad. La peculiaridad de la imagen lingüística es que la persona se recrea de forma sinérgica, no está fuera de la actitud subjetiva del autor del texto, ya sea en los medios de comunicación o en los textos artísticos e históricos. Aunque subjetiva, la imagen lingüística se crea a través de la interpretación del habla de las realidades. La imagen lingüística encarna el mundo real con la ayuda de dinámicas semánticas de palabras, representando ideologías, culturemas y conceptos como construcciones cognitivas-discursivas de un evento socialmente significativo.

Palabras clave: Imagen lingüística, personalidad lingüística, evento cognitivo-comunicativo, ideologeme, cultureme, concepto.

Introduction

The problem of modeling a language image personality (historically real or its literary image) arises in connection with the active development is at the epicenter of the picture of the world that of an adequate methodology for reconstruction of the text recreates. different speech genres of the world picture in the texts. At the same time, those fragments of the In modern science, a new methodology for the sphere of concepts that are personified by human complex analysis of a literary text has been charismatic images representing a certain epoch developed in the context of the historical at a certain time (such as Peter I in retrospect or paradigm. Under the influence of the new the personalities of modern reality, whose names critiques – psychoanalysis, archetypology, are repeated in the media incessantly (the Iron reader’s response, feminism and Lady – Margaret Thatcher or Theresa May)) are deconstructivism – “history, like literature, is modeled, which raises the emphasized problem represented by text, discourse, which manifests itself to a number of top-priority ones. The an infinite number of meanings and senses”. The modeling of a language image in the text of any theoretical basis is built on the ideas of leading speech genre (literary, mass-media, etc.) is foreign (J. Lakof, M. Johnson, C. Fillmore, R. mainly based on the postulates of two paradigms Langaker, R. Jekendoff, etc.) and domestic (E. S. generated by modern linguistics – cognitive Kubryakova, Y. D. Apresyan, Y. S. Stepanov, linguistic poetics and discourse episteme. By N.D. Arutyunova, etc.) linguists. reference to their significance for mapping the reality, we make the attempts to apply new The author’s use of hypothetical-deductive and linguistic paradigms to the traditional object of inductive methods, as well as intralingual the science of language: text, explication of matching techniques, cognitive interpretation of culturemes and ideologemes the frame embedded the metaphor-ideologeme, cognitive mapping, in its sphere of concepts. Both of the latter analysis of the cognitive complexity of texts concepts are closely related to the realities of the (Suedfeld & Tetlock, 1977), which are corresponding historical period, although they determined by synergetic complexity, are should not be identified. V. G. Gak, who necessary as constructive research techniques to developed the theory of language penetrate into implicit complexity of the world. transformations, created at his time the theoretical platform for adequate interpretation The dominant techniques of a complex world of the correlation of such close categories (Gak, outlook “are holism, self-organization, emergent 1998). All three categories are basic for properties, ability to adapt” (Zwin, 2006). The discursive-pragmatic modeling of a language author’s thought should be relevant to the image. complexity of the communicative event: include multi-vector senses in contextual holisticity Methodology (integrity), nonlinearity and spontaneity, which is especially important for identifying the content Methodological Framework of the Study is the side of mass media texts and the discourse principle of anthropocentrism, since the analysis of the fiction and historical text.

Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla.edu.co/revistas/index.php/amazonia-investiga ISSN 2322- 6307 144

For an understanding of a specific historical epistemes, ideologeme is not only a knowledge epoch, historical discourse includes primary holder but also an expression of specific relation historical sources and works of fiction. The to objects of being. Moreover, ideologeme (in information contained in the primary sources is our case, the proper name – Mother Theresa) interpreted in the secondary ones, and a does not express a personal attitude toward the multitude of interpretations creates a special reality — its attitude is determined by the public mental space, in which the author’s views and interests of that fragment of society, whose message are key. The hypothesis of the study is interests it expresses. This is evidenced by the the assumption that the relationship between introduction of the ideologeme into the language and the real world is expressed by a progressive consciousness of all mankind: language personality. The word, of course, does suffice it to say that the monastic congregation not reflect realities, represents the corresponding founded by Mother Theresa has 400 branches in vision, which is formed in his consciousness of 111 countries of the world and 700 houses of the communicants by the images of the mercy in 120 countries. They have been founded surrounding world. The imaging of the reality is in the regions of natural disasters and the areas of carried out in concepts (ideologemes and poverty. culturemes) that are idiosyncratically expressed by discourses of different speech genres (fiction From our point of view, the discursive-pragmatic and historical and mass media). modeling of the linguistic image of concrete personalities, who are at the forefront of the Ideologemic and Culturemic Image history of a society, requires several implicit phenomena to be understood: According to V.G. Gak, realities are culture- bound items (objects, functions, customs, а) the correlation of cognitive structures with behavioral characteristics of a particular person); linguistic ones, as well as the correlation of cultureme, as defined by V.V. Vorobiyov, is a linguistic and everyday world images; complex inter-level unit that integrates the b) the functional significance of language in the linguistic and speech representations of the implementation of the processes of perception concept (Vorobiyov, 2008); its content plane is and understanding of the reality, in the an amalgam of linguistic meaning and cultural implementation of its conceptualization and meaning; its plane of expression is a synergy of categorization; the verbal sign and meaning. In this modification, c) personality’s frame of mind, which served as such a complex unit in the science of language the prototype of the linguistic image, turns into a linguocultureme. Such a formal and personifying “his / her” era. informative unity of the linguocultureme makes it possible to relate it to certain fragments of the An attempt is being made to apply new linguistic subjectively perceived real picture of the world, paradigms to the traditional object of the science its significant realities – the objects or situations. of language: an archaicized literary text, Ideologeme is an ideological construct, which is explication of its linguistic-culturological and a system or a consistent set of views and concepts idiostylistic potential laid down primarily in the that make up the consciousness of the personality obsolete lexicon (archaic and historical that is chosen as the prototype of the discursive- vocabulary). The theoretical research platform is pragmatic modeling (Alefirenko & Nurtazina, based on the cognitive-linguistic development of 2018) of a particular image of the world. A concepts of luminaries of linguistics rich in special image of the world was embodied, for inexhaustible linguopoetic ideas, who were the example, by Mother Theresa – the universal pioneers of the national linguistic poetics, favorite as the founder of the women’s monastic shedding light on the discursive-cognitive congregation “Order of Mercy”, which is in understanding of the literary text in general, and charge of the care of the poor and the sick. She the historical novel in particular (B. A. Larin. A. gained not only religious adoration (the Catholic A. Potebnya, V.V. Vinogradov). This kind of Church ranked her blessed) but civil recognition. fruitful research combining linguistic classics and modern paradigmatic innovations have She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and in already formed a distinctive feature of the 1997 she received the highest US award – the Belgorod linguistic poetic school (Alefirenko & Congressional Gold Medal. With her wealth of Nurtazina, 2018; Alefirenko, 2013; Kosharnaya, historical experience and way of life, she, having 2014). Via this convergence of scientific become an ideologeme, represented a certain epistemes, a new technique for the integrated social community, reflecting and evaluating study of the author’s linguistic personality is reality in a special way. Unlike scientific developed in the cognitive-discursive aspect,

Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla.edu.co/revistas/index.php/amazonia-investiga ISSN 2322- 6307 Vol. 8 Núm. 21 /Julio - agosto 2019 145

especially when it comes to the historically такой от сотворения Москвы не было”. significant linguistic personality (a popular (Having strung out across the street, pig wagons politician or an author – the creator of fiction and were draggling - six; cow sleighs smeared with historical work). This is explained by the fact that tar, rolled in feathers; low goats and dogs sulkies in modern linguistics the interest is focused not <...> Snapping whips, squealing pigs, barking just on the doer of the speech act, but on the dogs, meowing bleating dolled people, red-faced, linguistic personality – the bearer of national all drunk. <...> Up ahead the horses was Peter in consciousness, mentality who has his own a bombardier’s caftan. Jutting out his jaw, rolling attitude to the surrounding reality, a complex and his rounded eyes at people, he was beating the extraordinary inner world. Therefore, the study drum. They were afraid of bowing before him, if of his retrospective discourse opens the veil on not ordered. A God’s fool saw him with a drum the hidden patterns of the formation of discursive and screamed again: “Nebuchadnezzar!” <...> consciousness as an organic part of value- There has been no such a stinking shame since semantic perception and creative interpretation the creation of Moscow). of historical events, which became the basis of the communicative-cognitive event that The emotional component of the fragment is projected the intentional field of the created through the use of a vernacular and corresponding context of language individual. stylistically low lexeme of срамота (a stinking shame) – dishonorable action, disgrace’. Indeed, Proper name as the name of a concept becomes a the action of the emperor and his comrades is “limiting text message”, in a compressed form, impartial, moreover, so much so that it is containing information about a significant impossible to recall such a thing “от сотворения phenomenon ...” (Kolshansky, 2013). The Москвы” (“since the creation of Moscow”). presence of value-semantic background in the content of the proper name Peter I makes it The analyzed lexeme becomes a predicative possible to consider it with respect to cognitive- concept (we mean by ‘predicative concept’ the pragmatic aspect. The connotative historical semantic kernel of the predicate group included background of this onym is defined by its rich in the metaphorical cohesion (connectedness) of associative field. The commonly known name the predicate with dependent and explicative Peter 1, as well as the presence of a rich objects of thought) around which the encyclopedic platform in it, makes it possible to communicative event takes place (in terms of present filigree set connotations due to the historical discourse, it is an individual fragment conceptual sphere of the analyzed literary text. of the verbal and cogitative act that has thematic cohesiveness, semantic completeness and Historical discourse reflects rather a set image (or general semantic architectonics). a mental model) of a historical event than the position of a historiographer. A.N. Tolstoy used As the narrative analysis shows, it was important a substantial, multifaceted historical material for A.N. Tolstoy to show formative years in when writing the novel. He investigated the personalities’ lives in history. The novel reveals diplomatic correspondence, decrees, monuments the dependence of the individual on the historical of literature. Thus, the fragment describing the challenges of the time, emphasizes the march of Peter and his friends in Moscow by relationship between the need for transformation representing a real historical fact is saturated with and the creative epochal thinking of the tsar. a vivid, emotional, subjective verbal images, Alongside this, it was extremely important for thanks to which the historical image of the world the writer to show the historical role of the turns into a fiction. Compare: “Растянувшись по people. всей улице, медленно ехали телеги на свиньях – по шести штук; сани на коровах, When creating the image of the tsar, A.N. обмазанных дегтем, обвалянных перьями; Tolstoy solved the problem of literary низенькие одноколки на козлах, на собаках. embodiment of a great creative personality. <…> Щелкали кнуты, свиньи визжали, Admiring the personal qualities of Peter, the собаки лаяли, наряженные люди мяукали, writer reveals the scale of his activity, the блеяли, красномордые, все пьяные. <…> creative principle of this personality. For Peter, Впереди лошадей шел Петр в бомбардирском the old Russia with its stagnation is embodied in кафтане. Выпятив челюсть, ворочая the autocratic, despotic, power-hungry sister, круглыми глазами на людей, бил в барабан. with whom Peter will have to fight. To Боялись ему и кланяться, а ну как не велено. understand such socially significant Юродивый, увидя его с барабаном, завопил metamorphoses in the text of the novel, several опять: «Навуходоносор!» <…> Срамоты discursive events are essential. This is the scene

Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla.edu.co/revistas/index.php/amazonia-investiga ISSN 2322- 6307 146

in Arkhangelsk when Peter visits a foreign servility slavery, misery, unhappiness). It is merchant ship: “Уж до того жалки показались these cognitive metaphors that make up the real домодельные карбасы, когда проплывали sphere of concepts of the pre-Peter epoch. мимо высоких бортов кораблей… Стыдно! Все это почувствовали: и помрачневшие By transforming the historical discourse into the бояре, и любезные иноземцы на берегу, и text of the novel “Peter the First”, the writer капитаны, и выстроившиеся на шканцах sought to show the main thing in the image of the матерые, обветренные океаном моряки…” Tsar’s personality: his all-consuming idea of (Homemade karbasses passing high shipboards strengthening Russian statehood, since he seemed really so pathetic ... It’s a shame! It sincerely believed that it was the only true way embarrassed everyone: morose boyars, and of reviving the national culture and nation. affable foreigners on the shore, and captains, and Thus, the proper name Петр I (Peter I) in A.N. experienced, sea-weathered sailors who lined up Tolstoy’s fiction and historical discourse on the quarter-deck ... ). verbalizes a cultural concept that serves as an epicenter of the literary narrative around which The lexeme жалкий (miserable) – “unhappy, one all communicatively significant events unfold. who arouses compassion, excites pity, who is pitiable. It was not only the karbasses – the The Image of Communicative-Cognitive Siberian freighters that were miserable, but the Event state in which the whole country was, of which Peter I felt sicken and ashamed. Particular importance in our study is attached to the concept “communicative-cognitive event”. The author of the fiction and historical narrative The key word here is the autosemantic word describes in detail those significant “event” – not a phenomenon, fact, event or metamorphoses in Peter’s mind after his trip episode, but a certain personality construct – an abroad. There was a lot of extraordinary and idea or a mental configuration of the scenario of wonderful things for the Russian eyes. Peter percept. The definition “communicative- remembered a sleepy, impoverished and clumsy cognitive” means that the personality construct is Russia. The thoughts about Russia eating away a hypothetically created construction that reflects Peter’s soul are rendered via Russian colloquial an understanding of the observed phenomena in evocative vocabulary. Peter did not know then order to coordinate its actions with others. “какими силами растолкать людей, продрать им глаза... Черт привел родиться царем в Although the discourse is primarily a verbal and такой стране!” (what forces could thrust past cogitative model of text generation, it contains, people, rub their eyes ... The devil brought him to in addition to text, various extralinguistic be born as tsar in such a country!). All these products that generate its semantic content. thoughts make him getting angry with them and Those are, according to T. Van Dijck work’s looking on foreigners with envy. The first (Van Dijk, 1980), a communicative event, the impulse was to hang one after another, to whip participants of this event and the circumstances one after another: “Но кого, кого? Враг accompanying it: personal experience associated невидим, не охватим, враг - повсюду, враг - в with it, impressions of it, understanding, нем самом...” (But whom, whom? The enemy is considerations and value attitudes. From the invisible, we will not reach, the enemy is point of view of the neuro-linguistic everywhere, the enemy is in him ...). interpretation of discourse that we suggest (Alefirenko, 2014), mental configuration of the Via the image of Peter, A.N. Tolstoy offers percept is represented in it by special illuminating insight into the historical process multisemiotic means (Vorobiyov, 2008). They that have been conceived and implemented by are characterized by a heterogeneous the will of a creative person. By means of a bright organization: they include, besides the text, a cognitive metaphor A. Tolstoy depicts the certain set of concepts, on different layers of stagnant, steeped in poverty, ossified pre-Peter which iconic images, word-images, symbols, Russia, over which centenary twilight, poverty, value and attitudinal meanings are fixed by their servility, misery ("столетние сумерки, нищета, ethno-linguistic consciousness (Alefirenko & холопство, бездолье”) hang. The highlighted Nurtazina, 2018). metaphors are fixed in the dictionary by V.I. Dahl’: нищета – ‘крайняя бедность, So, multisemiotic system of discourse is formed убожество, скудность, нужда’, холопство by: a) text as “the highest order sign” (T. M. ‘рабство’, бездолье ‘несчастье’ (poverty – Dridze), in which the direction and state of wretched poverty, squalor, scarcity, need’, consciousness of a person, his personal logical

Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla.edu.co/revistas/index.php/amazonia-investiga ISSN 2322- 6307 Vol. 8 Núm. 21 /Julio - agosto 2019 147

evaluations and emotional reactions in relation to existing discourse studies of the text (R. Barth, an item (a subject) and peculiarities of his vision M. Foucault, E. Husserl) argue, the originality of of a communication partner are ingrained; b) its the discursive consciousness is creative in sphere of concepts as a system of verbalized and several directions: a). if to paraphrase V. verbally undefined knowledge of a person about the world around him, formed from his own Humboldt, an inspiring stimulus to form a experience and that of previous generations; c) linguistic world image of future generations; b) a iconic images that possess, according to Pierce, a cognitive basis for the historical formation of number of properties inherent in the reflected literary sphere of concepts. Our introduction of object, a real object or an imaginary one; d) the term “historical formation of literary sphere image words – a kind of “billboards”, when a of concepts” is supported by the treatment of the word is associated with the image corresponding sphere of concepts which Academician D. S. to this communicative event (for example, the Likhachev deeply introduced into Russian image of a person being languid with the heat and linguistic poetics. According to his definition, the word ‘drink’); e) symbols, conventional “the sphere of concepts is a combination of the signs, which have a deeper social and normative concepts of a nation, it is formed by all the (spiritual) dimension in comparison with the potencies of the concepts of native speakers” (12, iconic ones; f) cognitive metaphors filling the p. 280-287). Literary conceptual sphere is based, discourse with value-semantic content and the in our opinion, on the phenomenon of discursive generated text -with the necessary illocutionary consciousness, which allows the sphere of force. concepts to be perceived not just as “a set of concepts of nation”, but as a frame architectonics In this connection, of particular interest is the of the historically conditioned configuration of aspect of the global problem of man-language literary concepts, which turns the relatively static relationship, which V. von Humboldt called “the structure of the language conceptual sphere into spirit of the people” – a set of spiritual, including a dynamically organized and architecturally their (people’s) intellectual and emotive values, structured unit of historical concepts and original thinking and feeling. Therefore, it is no everyday concepts, organized into a frame accident that it is precisely “the spirit of the discourse necessary for this literary text people” that determines the originality of the (semantic source and functions of its cultural-semantic space not only of this or that development and configuration in the process of nation, but also the idiostylistic dominants of the transforming a communicative event into literary artist’s words. For a historical work, this text of a historical speech genre). Without using approach allows revealing the sources that form the concept of discursive consciousness, O. V. ethnic unity, and then forms the final stage – the Revzina concisely writes about the frame sphere of concepts of the language of a given architectonics of concepts that serve as the people, the essence of which lies in self- cognitive substrate of discourse (she calls it “the knowledge of the national spirit and the discursive universe”) , in which the author perception of language as a comprehensive resides (Revzina, 1999). manifestation of creative (not only imaginative, but also formative) power “spirit of the people”. In the light of cognitive linguistic poetics, frame Discourse analysis of the text of a historical work architectonics of historically significant text translates philosophical reasoning about genetic serves as a special “house of Being”. Such a vivid link of language and the people into a discursive and catchy cognitive metaphor for discursive plane, if by discourse we mean not a speech, as linguistic poetics contains a rather deep meaning. the researchers of the text often do, but a According to M. Heidegger, “being” exists only cognitive category. The forming discursive in speech, and not in everyday speech, but in consciousness, according to V. von Humboldt, is literary, poetic, mass-media speech. This the first necessary level from which nations get scientific metaphor (“house of Being”, the the possibility of an autochthonous verbal and dwelling of the language) leads to understanding artistic development. The very transformation of of the role of discourse in the formation of a ethnic community into nation occurs with linguistic image (Mendonça & Andrade, 2018; emerging the original (distinctive) discursive Metsämuuronen, 2018). consciousness, under the influence of which the phenomenon of the nation as a human Consequently, the subjective perception of a community, proceeding in the formation of communicative event is the main object of study verbal and fiction architectonics in an original of literary or mass media historical discourse as way, is directly formatted. As our previously a process of figurative and verbal thinking of a published observations and generalizations of language personality.

Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla.edu.co/revistas/index.php/amazonia-investiga ISSN 2322- 6307 148

Without a discursive analysis that includes the domestic and foreign economies. It would seem principle of cognitivism, which is important for that Theresa May’s election as the 76th Prime understanding the discursive mechanism of Minister of the Great Britain is the solution to all emerging value-semantic aspect of literary or problems. Teresa May immediately known mass-media text, it is difficult to imagine the publicly as a new “Iron Lady”. When she entered implementation of the theoretical ideas about the Number 10 amid the chaotic fallout from the EU embodiment of author’s world image in the referendum in the summer of 2016, May practical linguistic poetics. portrayed herself as a steely, competent, pragmatic leader who would unite a bitterly The way of expressing the individual author’s divided country, put Brussels in its place, and intention in mass-media or literary text, the way steer the UK into a bright future as an of representing the language image is idiostyle. independent trading nation (Buzzfeed). Having Idiostyle participates in creating literary picture become prime minister, Theresa May positioned of the world, which is a reflection of reality in the herself as a “strong, competent and pragmatic” form of spiritual values important for the leader who could unite the country, put Brussels linguistic culture of a given historical time in place, and lead Britain into a bright future as experienced by the author and expressed in the an independent trading nation. However, the author’s text. The emergence and development of metaphorical nomination “The Iron Lady” cognitive linguistics makes it possible to proved to be “a pile of rusting metal Brexit”. So, consider the image-ideology of a communicator the Guardian publishes an article: Theresa May: and its role in the cultural heritage of the people. the new Iron Lady or a heap of rusting Brexit metal. The unresolved question concerning The lexical component of the text is a means of Brexit, the lack of a trade agreement with the EU, expressing a thesaurus that represents an image the split in parliament contributes to the of not only historical but also modern linguistic formation of a new image of Theresa May as a personality, and therefore, it is in the vocabulary politician through various means of language, that the world outlook of a modern political mostly ironic, and sometimes even sarcastic figure is reflected. Thus, the image of “the Iron metaphors a heap of rusting Brexit metal, a piece Lady” has long been entrenched in the minds of of near obsolete computer junk , the Amstrad the modern British. Originally, this nomination Maybot, an obstacle to resolving Brexit. This is was merited by the 71st Prime Minister of Great supported syntactically by rhetorical questions: Britain, Margaret Thatcher, for her determined When is a delay not a delay? (the Guardian); and unbending character, and because, despite antitheses like: she used to be this, now she is the dissatisfaction of the politicians and people this: A leader who once appeared to be so around her, she always stayed her course: commanding that the Tory-supporting Daily Margaret Thatcher was an icon for what politics Mail proclaimed her a new Margaret Thatcher should be about – courage, spirit and the has instead been accused by her own MPs of determination to change things for the better selling out the millions who voted Leave (CNN)… She refused to be bowed by terrorism (Buzzfeed); negative sentences: She is not the and stood against it in all its forms. … Although iron lady (Southfront.org). Morphological means many on the British Isles left oppose what of expression also intensify the situation. The use Thatcher did and what she stood for, there is a of comparative and superlative degrees of quiet, begrudging perhaps, but unmistakable comparison shows dissatisfaction with Theresa admiration of her strong and unswerving May’s political actions. One of the experienced leadership (CNN). The experience of the “back-bencher” during a debate in the House of communicative event and the emotional tension Commons accused Theresa May of the most are conveyed by the metaphor Margaret Thatcher shameful surrender since the defense of was an icon, in which Margaret Thatcher is a Singapore in 1942: …the most shameful model of politics, as well as other indirect surrender by a British leader since Singapore in connotative implications: quiet, begrudging 1942 (Buzzfeed). The Financial Times perhaps, unmistakable admiration, strong and characterizes Theresa May as the least suitable unswerving leadership, expressed by opposite leader who can cope with the tasks set by voters: evaluative epithets quiet, begrudging in relation rarely can a leader have looked less suited to the to her political course, but unmistakable strong, task before them. This is a consensus view of the unswerving in relation to her reputation and British prime minister (FT). leadership. Now in the 21st century Britain extremely needs a strong leader to finally resolve the issues concerning Brexit, immigration, borders,

Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla.edu.co/revistas/index.php/amazonia-investiga ISSN 2322- 6307 Vol. 8 Núm. 21 /Julio - agosto 2019 149

Conclusion Bahremand, A. (2015). The concept of translation in different teaching approaches and So, to create an image of a retrospective or methods. UCT Journal of Social Sciences and modern leader of a country by means of Humanities Research, 3(1), 5-9. language, convincing means of suggestion are Barthes, R. (1966). Introduction à l'analyse needed. As the analysis shows, such suggestive structurale des récits. Communications, 8(1), 1- dominants are mental attitudes that (1) form an 27. individual author’s conceptual sphere that Gak, V. G. (1998). Language Transformations. – integrates ethno-cultural and personal meanings М.: Languages of Russian Culture, 768 p. (Likhachev, 1996), and (2) in this function, they Kolshansky, G. V. (2013). Objective Worldview are part of such categories that are often used in in Language Acquisition. Publishing Editor А. linguistic poetics as “idiostyle”, “idiolect”, М. Shakhnarovich. The 5th Edition. – М.: “mentality” and “sphere of concepts”. All they LIBROKOM, 120 p. intersect at the point of “understanding and Kosharnaya, S. A. (2014). Linguistic Persona in reflecting the elements of material and spiritual the Context of Ethno-Culture. М.: Direct-Media. culture of the people (objects and phenomena of Likhachev, D. S. (1996). Conceptual Sphere of objective reality, substantial and dynamic aspects the Russian Language. Essays on the Philosophy of human activity, artifacts) in the national of Artistic Expression. SP: Russian Baltic language” (Alefirenko, 2013). Information Center BLITZ, 139–156. Mendonça, C. M. C. D., & Andrade, A. M. V. D. Mass media discourse is not just only an (2018). Dynamic Capabilities and Their important narrative, it creates a “chronicle” of Relations with Elements of Digital modern life, just as a literary and historical Transformation in Portugal. Journal of narrative embodying communicatively Information Systems Engineering & significant events in language images. The Management, 3(3), 23. narrative structure of mass media text, as well as Metsämuuronen, J. (2018). Common Framework the structure of literary text, is divided, according for Mathematics – Discussions of Possibilities to to T. Todorov, into history and narrative Develop a Set of General Standards for discourse (Todorov, 2013; Bahremand, 2015). Assessing Proficiency in Mathematics. Both speech genres comprehend three levels of International Electronic Journal of Mathematics description (according to Bart): the level of Education, 13(2), 13-39. “functions”, the level of “actions” and the level https://doi.org/10.12973/iejme/2693 of “narration” (Barthes, 1966). In a word, both Revzina, О. G. (1999). Language and Discourse. textual-discursive types of linguoculture unite Herald of the Moscow University. Series 9. the narrative – the concept of linguistic Philology, 1, 25—33 postmodernism, based on the synergy of Suedfeld, P., & Tetlock, P. (1977). Integrative procedurality as a way of being, according to R. complexity of communications in international Barth, of a “communicating” text that creates the crises. Journal of conflict resolution, 21(1), 169- image of a particular historical phenomenon. 184. Todorov, T. (2013). Introduction à la littérature Bibliographic references fantastique. Le Seuil. Van Dijk, T. A. (1980). Text and context Alefirenko, N. (2014). Formation and explorations in the semantics and pragmatics of development of discourse linguistic theory. discourse. XLinguae: European Scientific Language Vorobiyov, V. V. (2008). Linguoculturology. – Journal, 7(2), 32-44. М.: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Alefirenko, N. F. (2013). Linguoculturology: Publishing, 340 p. Axiological Space of Language. – М., 288 p. Zwin, H. P. (2006). Les Systèmes complexes. Alefirenko, N., & Nurtazina, M. (2018). Mathématique et biologie. – Paris, 210 p. Metaphorical Discourse: in Search for the Essence of Speech Imagery. CUADERNOS DE RUSISTICA ESPANOLA, 14, 49-65.

Encuentre este artículo en http://www.udla.edu.co/revistas/index.php/amazonia-investiga ISSN 2322- 6307