DOCSLIB.ORG

Investigation of the Symbiotic Associations of Acacia Ligulata Benth

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Investigation of the Symbiotic Associations of Acacia Ligulata Benth Investigation of the symbiotic associations of Acacia ligulata Benth. and Acacia tetragonophylla F.Muell: the potential for use in the rehabilitation of excavated sites at Shark Bay Salt Pty. Ltd. by Yvette Joan Hill This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University 2015 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that, unless otherwise stated, the work presented in this Thesis is my own and has not been submitted for a degree at any other institution. Yvette Joan Hill ii For Jason and Sophia, you are the smile in my heart and sunshine in my soul. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Publications arising from the thesis............................................................................x Acknowledgements...................................................................................................xi Abbreviations..........................................................................................................xiii Summary..................................................................................................................xv CHAPTER 1: Literature Review.......................................................................................1 1.1 Challenges for rehabilitation in Shark Bay Salt, Western Australia.........................2 1.2 Disturbance and rehabilitation of Useless Loop......................................................4 1.3 Climate classification of Australian drylands...........................................................5 1.4 Dryland disturbance ecology...................................................................................6 1.4.1 Impacts of climate change for Australian drylands........................................10 1.4.1.1 Rainfall and temperature: trends and predictions...................................10 1.4.1.2 Vegetation................................................................................................12 1.4.1.3 Soil microbial communities......................................................................14 1.4.2 Australian dryland soils: edaphic characteristics and mineral nutrition.........15 1.4.3 Provenance of flora species............................................................................18 1.5 Leguminosae..........................................................................................................20 1.6 The genus Acacia sens. lat.....................................................................................21 1.6.1 The subgenera Acacia s.s................................................................................23 1.6.1.1 Acacia ligulata Benth................................................................................26 1.6.1.2 Acacia tetragonophylla F. Muell...............................................................27 1.7 Root nodule bacteria.............................................................................................27 1.7.1 Australian RNB...............................................................................................29 1.8 Legume-RNB symbioses.........................................................................................30 1.8.1 Bacterial infection..........................................................................................31 1.8.1.1 Signalling pathways..................................................................................31 1.8.1.2 Process of infection..................................................................................32 1.8.2 Nodule organogenesis....................................................................................33 1.8.2.1 Nodule development................................................................................34 1.8.2.2 Nitrogen fixation.......................................................................................35 1.9 Dryland environmental constraints on N2 fixation................................................36 1.9.1 Temperature and water availability...............................................................36 iv 1.9.2 Soil pH and salinity..........................................................................................38 1.10 RNB inoculants for dryland rehabilitation...........................................................39 1.11 Aims of thesis.......................................................................................................41 CHAPTER 2: Disturbance effects on soil characteristics and RNB..............................44 2.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................45 2.2 Materials and Methods..........................................................................................46 2.2.1 Site assessment of abiotic conditions.............................................................46 2.2.1.1 Site selection............................................................................................46 2.2.1.2 Soil chemical analysis...............................................................................49 2.2.1.2.1 Soil sampling....................................................................................49 2.2.1.2.2 Analysis............................................................................................49 2.2.1.3 Temperature and Rainfall........................................................................49 2.2.2 Vegetation survey...........................................................................................50 2.2.2.1 Flora survey and vegetation profile.........................................................50 2.2.2.2 A. ligulata Benth. and A. tetragonophylla F.Muell. survey......................50 2.2.3 Most probable number of RNB.......................................................................50 2.2.3.1 Soil sampling............................................................................................50 2.2.3.2 Seed and growth jar preparation.............................................................51 2.2.3.3 Infection test and RNB enumeration.......................................................51 2.3 Results....................................................................................................................53 2.3.1 Chemical characteristics of soils.....................................................................53 2.3.2 Rainfall and Temperature...............................................................................53 2.3.2.1 Rainfall.....................................................................................................53 2.3.2.2 Temperature............................................................................................56 2.3.3 Vegetation survey...........................................................................................57 2.3.3.1 Flora survey and vegetation profile.........................................................57 2.3.3.2 A. ligulata Benth. and A. tetragonophylla F.Muell. survey......................58 2.3.4 Most probable number of RNB in soil............................................................64 2.4 Discussion..............................................................................................................66 Chapter 3: RNB from Shark Bay Salt lease area soils: isolation and effectiveness…..73 3.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................74 3.2 Materials and Methods..........................................................................................75 v 3.2.1 Isolation and symbiotic effectiveness of A. ligulata Benth. RNB………………...75 3.2.1.1 .Collection of root-nodules from A. ligulata Benth..................................75 3.2.1.2 Isolation of RNB........................................................................................75 3.2.1.3 Authentication of RNB isolated from A. ligulata Benth...........................76 3.2.1.4 RPO1-PCR fingerprinting of root nodule occupants.................................77 3.2.1.5 Statistical analysis.....................................................................................78 3.2.2 Trapping RNB from Shark Bay Salt lease area soils........................................78 3.2.2.1 Selection of trap species..........................................................................78 3.2.2.2 Collection and preparation of soil............................................................78 3.2.2.3 Glasshouse trapping of RNB.....................................................................78 3.2.3 Authentication and N2 fixation effectiveness of A.ligulata and A. tetragonophylla F.Muell. RNB isolates and WattleGrow™.............. 81 3.2.3.1 Experimental design.................................................................................81 3.2.3.2 A. ligulata Benth. RNB isolates.................................................................81 3.2.3.3 A. tetragonophylla F.Muell. RNB isolates.................................................82 3.2.3.4 Nitrogen content of A. ligulata Benth. and A. tetragonophylla F.Muell.82 3.3 Results...................................................................................................................82 3.3.1 Isolation, authentication and symbiotic effectiveness of A. ligulata Benth. RNB………………..………………….…….…………………….……………….…………..……….…..82 3.3.2 RNB trapped from Shark Bay Salt lease area soils.........................................84 3.3.3 Authentication and N2 fixation effectiveness of A.ligulata Benth. and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Winter Edition 2020 - 3 in This Issue: Office Bearers for 2017
    1 Australian Plants Society Armidale & District Group PO Box 735 Armidale NSW 2350 web: www.austplants.com.au/Armidale e-mail: [email protected] Crowea exalata ssp magnifolia image by Maria Hitchcock Winter Edition 2020 - 3 In this issue: Office bearers for 2017 ......p1 Editorial …...p2Error! Bookmark not defined. New Website Arrangements .…..p3 Solstice Gathering ......p4 Passion, Boers & Hibiscus ......p5 Wollomombi Falls Lookout ......p7 Hard Yakka ......p8 Torrington & Gibraltar after fires ......p9 Small Eucalypts ......p12 Drought tolerance of plants ......p15 Armidale & District Group PO Box 735, Armidale NSW 2350 President: Vacant Vice President: Colin Wilson Secretary: Penelope Sinclair Ph. 6771 5639 [email protected] Treasurer: Phil Rose Ph. 6775 3767 [email protected] Membership: Phil Rose [email protected] 2 Markets in the Mall, Outings, OHS & Environmental Officer and Arboretum Coordinator: Patrick Laher Ph: 0427327719 [email protected] Newsletter Editor: John Nevin Ph: 6775218 [email protected],net.au Meet and Greet: Lee Horsley Ph: 0421381157 [email protected] Afternoon tea: Deidre Waters Ph: 67753754 [email protected] Web Master: Eric Sinclair Our website: http://www.austplants.com.au From the Editor: We have certainly had a memorable year - the worst drought in living memory followed by the most extensive bushfires seen in Australia, and to top it off, the biggest pandemic the world has seen in 100 years. The pandemic has made essential self distancing and quarantining to arrest the spread of the Corona virus. As a result, most APS activities have been shelved for the time being. Being in isolation at home has been a mixed blessing.
    [Show full text]
  • (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in the Integrated Control of Acacia Species in South Africa
    Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds 919 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Neal R. Spencer [ed.]. pp. 919-929 (2000) The Potential Role of Bruchophagus acaciae (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in the Integrated Control of Acacia Species in South Africa R. L. HILL1, A. J. GORDON2, and S. NESER3 1Richard Hill & Associates, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand 2Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599 South Africa 3Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa Abstract Australian acacias invade watersheds and riverbeds in South Africa, reducing water flows and threatening environmental and economic values. Acacia mearnsii is the most widespread and important weed but also forms the basis of an important industry. A. dealbata, and to a lesser extent A. decurrens are also problems. All belong to the Section Botrycephalae of the sub-genus Heterophyllum. Short term control is achieved locally by removing plants, and by using herbicides, but seed-feeding control agents may provide an acceptable solution in the long term. Larvae of Bruchophagus acaciae (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) develop in the seeds of acacias. It was described from New Zealand, but is an Australian species. We explore whether B. acaciae has a role as a con- trol agent for acacias in South Africa. Seed was collected from 28 Australian species of Acacia growing in New Zealand. Attack was restricted to four of the seven species with- in the Section Botrycephalae, and two cases of attack on Acacia rubida (Section Phyllodineae; n=9). Apart from a wasp reared from one seed, A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Native Vegetation of the Nattai and Bargo Reserves
    The Native Vegetation of the Nattai and Bargo Reserves Project funded under the Central Directorate Parks and Wildlife Division Biodiversity Data Priorities Program Conservation Assessment and Data Unit Conservation Programs and Planning Branch, Metropolitan Environmental Protection and Regulation Division Department of Environment and Conservation ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CADU (Central) Manager Special thanks to: Julie Ravallion Nattai NP Area staff for providing general assistance as well as their knowledge of the CADU (Central) Bioregional Data Group area, especially: Raf Pedroza and Adrian Coordinator Johnstone. Daniel Connolly Citation CADU (Central) Flora Project Officer DEC (2004) The Native Vegetation of the Nattai Nathan Kearnes and Bargo Reserves. Unpublished Report. Department of Environment and Conservation, CADU (Central) GIS, Data Management and Hurstville. Database Coordinator This report was funded by the Central Peter Ewin Directorate Parks and Wildlife Division, Biodiversity Survey Priorities Program. Logistics and Survey Planning All photographs are held by DEC. To obtain a Nathan Kearnes copy please contact the Bioregional Data Group Coordinator, DEC Hurstville Field Surveyors David Thomas Cover Photos Teresa James Nathan Kearnes Feature Photo (Daniel Connolly) Daniel Connolly White-striped Freetail-bat (Michael Todd), Rock Peter Ewin Plate-Heath Mallee (DEC) Black Crevice-skink (David O’Connor) Aerial Photo Interpretation Tall Moist Blue Gum Forest (DEC) Ian Roberts (Nattai and Bargo, this report; Rainforest (DEC) Woronora, 2003; Western Sydney, 1999) Short-beaked Echidna (D. O’Connor) Bob Wilson (Warragamba, 2003) Grey Gum (Daniel Connolly) Pintech (Pty Ltd) Red-crowned Toadlet (Dave Hunter) Data Analysis ISBN 07313 6851 7 Nathan Kearnes Daniel Connolly Report Writing and Map Production Nathan Kearnes Daniel Connolly EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report describes the distribution and composition of the native vegetation within and immediately surrounding Nattai National Park, Nattai State Conservation Area and Bargo State Conservation Area.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Materialsupplementary Material
    10.1071/BT13149_AC © CSIRO 2013 Australian Journal of Botany 2013, 61(6), 436–445 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Comparative dating of Acacia: combining fossils and multiple phylogenies to infer ages of clades with poor fossil records Joseph T. MillerA,E, Daniel J. MurphyB, Simon Y. W. HoC, David J. CantrillB and David SeiglerD ACentre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600 Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. BRoyal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Vic. 3141, Australia. CSchool of Biological Sciences, Edgeworth David Building, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. DDepartment of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ECorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Table S1 Materials used in the study Taxon Dataset Genbank Acacia abbreviata Maslin 2 3 JF420287 JF420065 JF420395 KC421289 KC796176 JF420499 Acacia adoxa Pedley 2 3 JF420044 AF523076 AF195716 AF195684; AF195703 Acacia ampliceps Maslin 1 KC421930 EU439994 EU811845 Acacia anceps DC. 2 3 JF420244 JF420350 JF419919 JF420130 JF420456 Acacia aneura F.Muell. ex Benth 2 3 JF420259 JF420036 JF420366 JF419935 JF420146 KF048140 Acacia aneura F.Muell. ex Benth. 1 2 3 JF420293 JF420402 KC421323 JQ248740 JF420505 Acacia baeuerlenii Maiden & R.T.Baker 2 3 JF420229 JQ248866 JF420336 JF419909 JF420115 JF420448 Acacia beckleri Tindale 2 3 JF420260 JF420037 JF420367 JF419936 JF420147 JF420473 Acacia cochlearis (Labill.) H.L.Wendl. 2 3 KC283897 KC200719 JQ943314 AF523156 KC284140 KC957934 Acacia cognata Domin 2 3 JF420246 JF420022 JF420352 JF419921 JF420132 JF420458 Acacia cultriformis A.Cunn. ex G.Don 2 3 JF420278 JF420056 JF420387 KC421263 KC796172 JF420494 Acacia cupularis Domin 2 3 JF420247 JF420023 JF420353 JF419922 JF420133 JF420459 Acacia dealbata Link 2 3 JF420269 JF420378 KC421251 KC955787 JF420485 Acacia dealbata Link 2 3 KC283375 KC200761 JQ942686 KC421315 KC284195 Acacia deanei (R.T.Baker) M.B.Welch, Coombs 2 3 JF420294 JF420403 KC421329 KC955795 & McGlynn JF420506 Acacia dempsteri F.Muell.
    [Show full text]
  • Acacia Cochlearis RIGID WATTLE (Labill.) H.L.Wendl
    Plants of the West Coast family: fabaCeae Acacia cochlearis RIGID WATTLE (Labill.) H.L.Wendl Flowering period: July–October. Description: Bushy, erect to sprawling shrub, 0.5–3 m high and found as solitary plants or in thickets. Leaves to 45 mm long with a sharp point, rigid, with prominent parallel veins. Flower heads globular with up to three produced in each leaf axil. The green-brown pod is flat, to 50 mm long, and produces 10–15 black and usually highly viable seeds. Pollination: Open pollinated by a wide variety of non-specific insects. Sets a moderate amount of seed in good seasons. Distribution: From Lancelin to Israelite Bay where the species grows as solitary plants or in thickets in coastal to near-coastal habitats. Along the coast the species favours stable secondary dunes. Often an indicator of good quality dunes as the species is vulnerable to disturbance. Propagation: Grow from seed collected in December when pods mature. Seed should be hot water treated or lightly abraded with fine sandpaper. Sow in a free-draining soil mix and keep moist. Seedling growth may benefit from incorporation of a little soil taken from the weed- and disease-free soil surface around a parent plant to ensure transfer of the Rhizobium bacteria that are important in nitrogen nutrition of the plant. R. Barrett Habit Uses in restoration: A useful species that reliably establishes in stabilised soil. Must be protected from direct exposure to high winds and is best incorporated into mixed plantings with other shrubs including Acacia rostellifera and Scaevola crassifolia.
    [Show full text]
  • Human-Mediated Introductions of Australian Acacias
    Diversity and Distributions, (Diversity Distrib.) (2011) 17, 771–787 S EDITORIAL Human-mediated introductions of PECIAL ISSUE Australian acacias – a global experiment in biogeography 1 2 1 3,4 David M. Richardson *, Jane Carruthers , Cang Hui , Fiona A. C. Impson , :H Joseph T. Miller5, Mark P. Robertson1,6, Mathieu Rouget7, Johannes J. Le Roux1 and John R. U. Wilson1,8 UMAN 1 Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of ABSTRACT - Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, MEDIATED INTRODUCTIONS OF Aim Australian acacias (1012 recognized species native to Australia, which were Matieland 7602, South Africa, 2Department of History, University of South Africa, PO Box previously grouped in Acacia subgenus Phyllodineae) have been moved extensively 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa, 3Department around the world by humans over the past 250 years. This has created the of Zoology, University of Cape Town, opportunity to explore how evolutionary, ecological, historical and sociological Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, 4Plant factors interact to affect the distribution, usage, invasiveness and perceptions of a Protection Research Institute, Private Bag globally important group of plants. This editorial provides the background for the X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, 20 papers in this special issue of Diversity and Distributions that focusses on the 5Centre for Australian National Biodiversity global cross-disciplinary experiment of introduced Australian acacias. A Journal of Conservation Biogeography Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box Location Australia and global. 1600, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 6Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Methods The papers of the special issue are discussed in the context of a unified Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, framework for biological invasions.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora and Vegetation Survey of the Proposed Kwinana to Australind Gas
    __________________________________________________________________________________ FLORA AND VEGETATION SURVEY OF THE PROPOSED KWINANA TO AUSTRALIND GAS PIPELINE INFRASTRUCTURE CORRIDOR Prepared for: Bowman Bishaw Gorham and Department of Mineral and Petroleum Resources Prepared by: Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd November 2003 MATTISKE CONSULTING PTY LTD DRD0301/039/03 __________________________________________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................... 1 2. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Location................................................................................................................................................. 2 2.2 Climate .................................................................................................................................................. 2 2.3 Vegetation.............................................................................................................................................. 3 2.4 Declared Rare and Priority Flora......................................................................................................... 3 2.5 Local and Regional Significance........................................................................................................... 5 2.6 Threatened
    [Show full text]
  • ALINTA DBNGP LOOPING 10 Rehabilitation Management Plan
    DBNGP (WA) Nominees Pty Ltd DBNGP LOOPING 10 Rehabilitation Management Plan ALINTA DBNGP LOOPING 10 Rehabilitation Management Plan November 2005 Ecos Consulting (Aust) Pty Ltd CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1 2 REHABILITATION REVIEW............................................................ 1 2.1 REHABILITATION OBJECTIVES ............................................................... 2 3 EXISTING VEGETATION ................................................................. 2 3.1 FLORA AND VEGETATION...................................................................... 2 3.2 VEGETATION STUDIES ........................................................................... 4 3.2.1 Study Method ............................................................................... 4 3.2.2 Study Results ................................................................................ 7 3.3 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES ...................................................... 10 4 REHABILITATION STRATEGY..................................................... 11 5 REHABILITATION METHODS ..................................................... 11 5.1 WEED MANAGEMENT.......................................................................... 11 5.2 DIEBACK (PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI) MANAGEMENT .................... 11 5.3 PRIORITY AND RARE FLORA MANAGEMENT ........................................ 12 5.4 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ................................................................... 13 5.5
    [Show full text]
  • The First Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Boswellia Sacra, a Resin-Producing Plant in Oman
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The First Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Boswellia sacra, a Resin-Producing Plant in Oman Abdul Latif Khan1, Ahmed Al-Harrasi1*, Sajjad Asaf2, Chang Eon Park2, Gun-Seok Park2, Abdur Rahim Khan2, In-Jung Lee2, Ahmed Al-Rawahi1, Jae-Ho Shin2* 1 UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman, 2 School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea a1111111111 * [email protected] (AAH); [email protected] (JHS) a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 Boswellia sacra (Burseraceae), a keystone endemic species, is famous for the production of fragrant oleo-gum resin. However, the genetic make-up especially the genomic informa- tion about chloroplast is still unknown. Here, we described for the first time the chloroplast OPEN ACCESS (cp) genome of B. sacra. The complete cp sequence revealed a circular genome of 160,543 Citation: Khan AL, Al-Harrasi A, Asaf S, Park CE, bp size with 37.61% GC content. The cp genome is a typical quadripartite chloroplast struc- Park G-S, Khan AR, et al. (2017) The First ture with inverted repeats (IRs 26,763 bp) separated by small single copy (SSC; 18,962 bp) Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Boswellia sacra, and large single copy (LSC; 88,055 bp) regions. De novo assembly and annotation showed a Resin-Producing Plant in Oman. PLoS ONE 12 the presence of 114 unique genes with 83 protein-coding regions. The phylogenetic analysis (1): e0169794. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169794 revealed that the B. sacra cp genome is closely related to the cp genome of Azadirachta Editor: Xiu-Qing Li, Agriculture and Agri-Food indica and Citrus sinensis, while most of the syntenic differences were found in the non-cod- Canada, CANADA ing regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Acacia Study Group Newsletter
    Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) Inc. ACACIA STUDY GROUP NEWSLETTER Group Leader and Seed Bank Curator Newsletter Editor and Membership Officer Esther Brueggemeier Bill Aitchison 28 Staton Cr, Westlake, Vic 3337 13 Conos Court, Donvale, Vic 3111 Phone 0411 148874 Phone (03) 98723583 Email: [email protected] No. 110 September 2010 ISSN 1035-4638 Contents Page From The Leader Dear Members, From the Leader 1 What a dramatic start to spring we have had down south. Welcome 2 The locals here are wondering if we are ever to see a dry From Members and Readers 2 day again. Melbourne recently braved some of the strongest Origin of Acacias in Australia 2 and most damaging winds in years with gusts up to 100 Acacia scirpifolia 2 km/h and 130 km/h on the Alps while bringing torrential Acacia glaucoptera 3 downpours to much of the state. Despite being one of the Acacia with part red flowers 3 wettest September's this century, I was amazed to see the Banish the winter blues 3 abundance of wattles bursting into full bloom, as if to say, Acacias and Allergies 4 it’s now or never! Those wattles that flower early, flowered Wattle as a symbol of safety 4 in September. Those wattles that flower late, flowered in Insects and Acacias 5 September, turning my entire garden into a glorious blaze of The Germination of Acacia Seeds 6 golden yellow. Myrtle Rust Fungus 9 Books 9 The Australian Plants issue on Acacias is well and truly Correction 10 printed, though I’m sorry to say, has taken a little longer Seed Bank 10 than expected.
    [Show full text]
  • MOUNT AMOS South Pacific Ocean
    Refer to this map as: Wet Tropics Bioregion MOUNT AMOS 1:50 000 SERIES WTMAveg Vegetation Survey QUEENSLAND SHEET 7966-1 EDITION 1 3 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21145°20' 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 330 145°25' 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 145°30' MOUNT COOK NATIONAL PARK 15°30' 15°30' 43 85 Dawson Reef 85 62 84 56 84 South 83 An nan R 83 54a ive 70e r 42a 70a 70e 54a 54a Osterland Reef 39a 54a 55a 54a 55a 64a 82 54a 54a Cowlishaw Reef 54a 55a 64a 39a 82 70a 70a 70e 54a 70a 70a 70e Esk 70e 70a 70a 59a 81 29b 3a 70e 26a 70a 39a 81 54a 135 68d 70e Mount McIntosh 26a 70a 70e Draper Patch 29b 29b 64a 55a 70e 70e 39a 29b 26a 82 54a 39a 68d 80 21a Grave Point 70e 70e 33a 54a 59a 39a 25c 54a 8280 ANNAN RIVER 68d 54a 68d59b 55a 21a 33a 64a Walker Bay 43 70e 54a R 29b 39a 26a 54a i 47e 59a v 59a 68d e 48a 39a 77 Pacific 70e r 39a 29b 26a 50a 79 59a 70a 70e 26a 68d 29b 26a 70a 26a 70e 54a 59a 79 42a 33a 26a 55a 55a 68d 42a 48a 59a 54a54a 54a 110 48a 33a 55a 68d68d 42a 47e 29b 39a 54a 68d 59a 70e 55a 39a 62a 39a 42a 191 68d 39a 29b 67c 3a 70a 62a 67c Walker Hill 68d 33a 55a 33a 33a 39a 33a 67c 59b 59b 26a 78 NATIONAL PARK 39a 50a 42a 33a 33a 62a 59a 33a 3a 33a 50a 59a 39a Walker Point 78 62a 42a 59a 48a 29b 39a 26a 68d 48a 48a 3a 33a 59a 39a 3a 57a 33a 59b 39a 33a 67c 3a 59a 67c 68d 67c 67c 59a42a 26a 59a 39a 33a 33a 67c 64a 67c 59a 33a 59b 50a 76 57a 48a 67c 26a 77 33a 62a 42a 38 67c 67c 33a 39a 48a 67c 33a 67c 50a 39a 68d 62a 39a 67c 57a 77 61c 33a 29b 48a 67c 57 33a 33a 67c 29b 68d 42a 67c 67c 67c 42a 33a 39a 67c 67c 15°35' 59a 42a 64a 15°35' 50a 48a 33a
    [Show full text]
  • Flowers, Posts and Plates of Dirk Hartog Island
    Flowers, Posts and Plates of Dirk Hartog Island Lesley Brooker FLOWERS POSTS AND PLATES January 2020 Home Flowers, Posts and Plates of Dirk Hartog Island Lesley Brooker For the latest revision go to https://lesmikebrooker.com.au/Dirk-Hartog-Island.php Please direct feedback to Lesley Brooker at [email protected] Home INTRODUCTION This document is in two parts:- Part 1 — FLOWERS is an interactive reference to some of the flora of Dirk Hartog Island. Plants are arranged alphabetically within families. Hyperlinks are provided for quick access to historical material found on-line. Attention is drawn (in the green boxes below the species accounts) to some features which may help identification or may interest the reader, but these are by no means diagnostic. Where technical terms are used, these are explained in parenthesis. The ultimate on-line authority on the Western Australian flora is FloraBase. It provides the most up-to-date nomenclature, details of subspecies, flowering periods and distribution maps. Please use this guide in conjunction with FloraBase. Part 2 — POSTS AND PLATES provides short historical accounts of some the people involved in erecting and removing posts and plates on Dirk Hartog Island between 1616 and 1907, and those who may have collected plants on the island during their visit. Home FLOWERS PHOTOGRAPHS REFERENCES BIRD LIST Home Flower Photos The plants are presented in alphabetical order within plant families - this is so that plants that are closely related to one another will be grouped together on nearby pages. All of the family names and genus names are given at the top of each page and are also listed in an index.
    [Show full text]