Acronymsin Spectrometry

e have previously published (Spectroscopy, 17(2), 54 where. If your favorite acronym or abbreviation is missing (2002)) a list of common acronyms in mass spec- from the list, please feel free to contact the author. Wtrometry, reflecting the need for elucidation of short- hand terms used by mass spectrometrists to describe particular A Anion experiments or applications. It might be tempting to relegate the ACMS Asilomar Conference on usefulness of such lists to newcomers, or to the uninitiated, but ADC Analog-to-digital converter this is unwise for an analytical endeavor that expands and ADO Average dipole orientation evolves as quickly as does mass spectrometry. As the field grows, AE Appearance energy the practitioners in one sub-discipline invariably become more AEI Associated Electric Industries, a past MS manufacturer isolated from their colleagues in another area of application. An AGC Automatic gain control environmental mass spectrometrist is comfortable with assess- AGHIS All-glass-heated-inlet system ment of results from a SIM GC–MS BTEX analysis. A carbohy- AMS Accelerator mass spectrometry drate mass spectrometrist will feel more at home with data orig- amu atomic mass unit inating in a PSD MALDI TOF experiment using DHB; different AN Auger neutralization folks like different ROOMS. ANP 2-amino-5-nitropyridine, a MALDI matrix Most of the acronyms in this compilation find common use in the literature and at professional meetings. Some ANZSMS Australia and New Zealand Society for acronyms in common use are protected trademarks (past, Mass Spectrometry present, or future), and precautions should be exercised in R. A. J. O’Hair, Eur. J. Mass Spectrom., 9(6), 525 (2003) A brief historical vignette of ANZSMS is found in this article, their appearance in the literature. Inclusion of an acronym along with perhaps the only musical selection published in a in this list is explicitly not an endorsement for its use, espe- mass spectrometry journal. The location of perhaps the only cially when there may be a “competitive” acronym available. poem published in a mass spectrometry journal shall remain Let the nomenclators make their judgments; in this compila- the author’s personal secret. tion, errors will fall on the side of unabashed inclusion, and a few “symbols” will sneak in as well. Particular attention has AP Appearance potential been given to acronyms introduced to the field of mass spec- APCI Atmospheric pressure chemical trometry within the past few years. For recent additions to API Atmospheric pressure ionization the acronym list, a short description is provided, along with ARMS Angle-resolved mass spectrometry a recent (and not necessarily the first) reference. ASGDIMS Atmospheric-sampling Acronyms are listed in alphabetical order. Most acronyms ionization mass spectrometry are composed of upper-case letters, but a few are traditionally ASMS American Society for Mass Spectrometry given as sequences of lower-case letters, or a mixture, to the ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials consternation of spell checkers in word processors every- ATT 6-aza-2-thiothymine, a MALDI matrix AVS Accelerating-voltage scan American Vacuum Society

Kenneth L. Busch made a first and b impact parameter last effort at immortalization through B Magnetic sector mass analyzer, magnetic field acronym generation within his disserta- Magnetic sector field strength or flux density tion. There, he used the acronym MENIMS BAT Best anode temperature for methane-enhanced negative mass BDE spectrometry. Since then, he has sagely Bond dissociation energy Eur. J. Mass Spectrom., demurred from CAD/CID and FAB/LSIMS P. Armentrou, 9(6), 531 (2003) nomenclature imbroglios, since he is truly The kinetic energy dependence of reactions between mass- only a SCC (simple country chemist). The contents of this article selected and neutral is interpreted to provide represent the views of the author and not those of the National the threshold for the process, revealing basic thermochemical Science Foundation (NSF). He can be reached at: information, such as the bond dissociation energy for [email protected]. intriguing metal-containing species.

40 Current Trends In Mass Spectrometry 19(5S) May 2004 www.spectroscopyonline.com its applicability in determination of the DCTB trans-2-[3-{4-tert- B/E Linked scan for product ions butylphenyl}-2-methyl-2- in MS-MS charge state distribution for folded pro- propenylidene]malononitrile, B2E Linked scan for parent ions teins in the gas phase. a MALDI matrix in MS-MS CE Charge exchange DE Delayed extraction BEoQ A reverse geometry sector Capillary electrophoresis DEI Desorption (or direct) instrument followed by an CEC Consolidated Electric ionization octupole collision cell Corporation (a former DF Double focusing followed by a quadrupole MS manufacturer) DFTPP Decafluorotriphenylphosphine mass filter CEMA Channel electron-multiplier DHB 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, a BEqQ A reverse geometry sector array MALDI matrix instrument followed by a cf ConFlatTM DI Desorption ionization collision quadrupole CFFAB Continuous-flow fast DIN Direct injection nebulizer followed by a quadrupole bombardment DIOSMS Desorption ionization on mass filter CFP Continuous flow probe silicon mass spectrometry BEMS Biomedical and Environ- CHCA Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic DIP Direct-insertion probe mental Mass Spectrometry acid, a MALDI matrix DLI Direct liquid introduction (a former MS journal) CI DLV Direct laser vaporization BET Best emitter temperature CID Collision-induced DP Direct probe BIAMSTM Biomolecular interaction dissociation Diffusion pump analysis mass spectrometry CIDI Collisionally induced DS Data system dissociative ionization DTIMS Drift-tube ion mobility D. Nedelkov and R. W. Nelson, J. Molec. CIT cylindrical spectrometry Recogn., 16, 15 (2003) CM Center-of-mass In this combined technique, a surface CNL Constant neutral loss E Energy, Electric sector plasmon resonance sensor first is used to CODA Component detection mass analyzer characterize an analyte bound to an affin- algorithm Electric sector voltage ity labeled surface. Then, MALDI matrix COM Center-of-mass EA is added, the analyte is desorbed and ion- EAD Electron avalanche ized, and the MALDI is COMSPARI Comparison of spectral desorption used to characterize the surface species. retention information ECD Electron-capture dissociation J. E. Katz, D. S. Dumlao, S. Clarke, and J. ECID Electron-capture-induced BIRD Blackbody infrared Hau, J. Amer. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 15(4), dissociation radiative dissociation 580 (2004) ECMS Electron-capture mass BMS Biomedical mass COMSPARI is a collection of data visu- spectrometry spectrometry, biological alization software that allows the ana- ECNCI Electron-capture negative mass spectrometry lyst to detect small differences in com- chemical ionization BTEX Benzene, toluene, plex datasets, including GC–MS and ECNI Electron capture ethylbenzene, and xylene negative ionization LC–MS data. Perceptive differences in ECP Emitter-current programmer C Cation mirrored displays are key to highlight- EDD Energy distribution CA Collisional activation ing spectral differences. difference CAD Collisionally activated EE Even-electron ion CREMS Charge-reduction electro- decomposition EED Electron excitation spray mass spectrometry CAF Chemically assisted dissociation CS Charge stripping fragmentation EHI Electrohydrodynamic CV Compensation voltage CCA alpha-cyano-4-hydroxy ionization CX Charge exchange cinnamic acid, a MALDI matrix EI CZE–MS Capillary zone electrophore- CDEM Continuous- (or impact) sis mass spectrometry EIEIO Electron-induced excitation of ions from organics D Disproportionation factor CDNT Conformation-dependent EIS External Deuterium neutralization theory EJMS European Journal of Mass Da Daltons V. J. Nesatyy and M .J.-F. Suter, J. Mass Spectrometry DAC Digital-to-analog converter Spectrom., 39, 93 (2004) EM Electron multiplier DADI Direct analysis of Mass spectrometry now deals with high EMP Electron multiplier daughter ions molecular mass, highly charged ions of EOID Electro-optical ion detector DB Database complex structures. The reactions and ERMS Energy-resolved mass dbe Double-bond equivalent spectrometry structures of these ions is a matter of DCI Desorption (or direct) ES Electrospray or electrospray experimental interrogation as well as chemical ionization ionization theoretical modeling. The authors dis- DCT Double charge transfer cuss the CDNT theory in this paper and ESA Electrostatic analyzer

May 2004 19(5S) Current Trends In Mass Spectrometry 41 Acronyms in Mass Spectrometry

ESCi Combined electrospray HABA 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo) IE , and atmospheric pressure benzoic acid, a MALDI matrix ionizing energy ionization source 4-HBSA 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic Ion evaporation ESI acid, an LSIMS matrix IELC Ion exchange liquid ESP Electrospray ionization HCCA alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycin- chromatography ESPI Electrospray ionization namic acid, a MALDI matrix IJMSIP International Journal of esu electrostatic unit HCD Heated capillary dissociation Mass Spectrometry and Ion ETV Electrothermal vaporization HCP Hollow cathode plume Physics (Volumes 1-62) eV electron volt HDX Hydrogen/deuterium International Journal of exchange Mass Spectrometry and Ion FA Flowing afterglow HE High energy Processes (after Volume 62) FAB HECD Hot electron capture IJMS International Journal of dissociation Mass Spectrometry FAIMS High Field Asymmetric 2-HEDS 2-Hydroxyethyl disulfide, an IKE(S) Ion kinetic energy Waveform Ion Mobility LSIMS matrix (spectrometry) Spectrometry HMM High molecular mass IMAC Immobilized metal affinity W. Gabryelski and K. L. Froese, J. Amer. Soc. HPA 3-hydroxypicolinic acid, a chromatography Mass Spectrom., 14(3), 278 (2004) MALDI matrix IP Ionization potential Changes in ion mobility measured at a 2-HPEA 2-Hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, IPD Ion-photon detector relatively high dispersion voltage are an LSIMS matrix measured to separate various isomers as HRMS High resolution mass IRMPD Infrared multiphoton dissociation they move through a transport region spectrometry K. Hakansson, R. R. Hudgins, A. G. Marshall, and ultimately into a mass analyzer. HSI Hyperthermal surface ionization and R. A. J. O’Hair, J. Amer. Soc. Mass FAME Fatty acid methyl ester HSMS Headspace mass Spectrom., 14(1), 23 (2003) FC spectrometry A comparison between ECD and IRMPD FD HT High tension, which is a for oligodeoxynucleotide dications was FFID Fission-fragment induced Briticism for high voltage completed with an FT-ICR instrument. desorption HTMS High temperature mass Different means of mass-selected parent spectrometry FFR Field-free region ion activation resulted in different disso- FI Field ionization HT-TOF MS Hadamard Transform time- of-flight mass spectrometry ciation processes, each with specific FIA Flow injection analysis advantages in determining structure. FIB Fast ion bombardment HXMS hydrogen/deuterium FIK Field ionization kinetics exchange mass spectrometry IRMS Isotope ratio mass FIMS Field ionization mass A. Nazabal, M. Laguerre, J.-M. Schmitter, J. spectrometry spectrometry ISD In-source decay Vaillier, S. Chaignepain, and J. Velours, J. Amer. FNB Fast neutral beam ISP Ionspray Soc. Mass Spectrom., 14(5), 471(2003) FT-ICR Fourier-transform ion ISR Ion/surface reaction cyclotron resonance Acidic hydrogens in accessible positions ITDTM Ion trap detector FT-MS Fourier-transform mass will exchange for deuteriums in the prop- ITMS Ion trap mass spectrometry spectrometry er solvent. Mass spectrometry is used to ITPMS Isotacophoresis mass FT-TOF MS Fourier-transform “count” and sometimes locate the spectrometry time-of-flight mass exchanged , because the masses of IUPAC International Union of Pure spectrometry ions recorded in the mass spectrum will and Applied Chemistry FWHH Full width at half height differ. The experimental targets range FWHM Full width at half maximum from simple molecules to complex three- JASMS Journal of the American Society for Mass G Multiplier gain dimensional structures of peptides and proteins. Spectrometry Glycerol, an LSIMS matrix JMS Journal of Mass Spectrometry GC Gas chromatography IC Ion chromatography GC–MS Gas chromatography–mass ICAT Isotope-coded affinity tag K Kelvin spectrometry ICDR Ion cyclotron double GDMS Glow discharge mass resonance KCMS Knudsen cell mass spectrometry IC–MS Ion chromatography–mass spectrometry GIANT Gas-phase Ion and Neutral spectrometry M. Heyrman, C. Chatillon, H. Collas, and Thermochemistry (a ICP-MS Inductively coupled plasma J. L. Chemin, Rapid Commun. Mass published compilation mass spectrometry Spectrom., 18(2), 163 (2004) of such data) ICR Ion cyclotron resonance A Knudsen cell is a high-temperature GLP Good laboratory practice IDMS Isotope dilution mass GPC Gel permeation device that is used to create a vapor spectrometry chromatography phase in thermal equilibrium with a condensed phase. Sampling of the

42 Current Trends In Mass Spectrometry 19(5S) May 2004 www.spectroscopyonline.com vapor phase species by a mass spec- MALDI Matrix-assisted laser N Neutral or species trometer allows characterization of the desorption ionization NBA meta-Nitrobenzyl alcohol, an various components that determine the MAPS Method for analyzing LSIMS matrix overall thermal equilibrium. patterns in spectra NCI Negative ion chemical MB Molecular beam ionization kDa kiloDalton MBMS Molecular beam mass NI Negative ion KERD Kinetic energy release spectrometry NICI Negative ion chemical distribution MCA Multichannel analyzer ionization K+IDS Potassium ion desorption MCI Massive cluster impact NOBA meta-Nitrobenzyl alcohol, an spectrometry MCP Microchannel plate LSIMS matrix KM Kinetic method MCPD Microchannel plate detector +NR+ Neutralization reionization; a KNN K-nearest neighbor MDMS Microdialysis mass positive ion is neutralized L Length of flight tube spectrometry and then reionized LAMMATM Laser microprobe MDL Method detection limit NRMS Neutralization reionization mass analyzer MI Metastable ion mass spectrometry LBO Light beam oscillograph MID Multiple ion detection LC–MS Liquid chromatography– MIKE(S) Mass-analyzed ion kinetic o Orthogonal mass spectrometry energy (spectrometry) oa Orthogonal acceleration LD Laser desorption MIM Multiple ion monitoring OE Odd-electron ion LDI Laser desorption ionization MIMS Membrane introduction OMS Organic Mass Spectrometry LDLP Laser desorption/laser mass spectrometry oTOF Orthogonal (source) MIP Microwave-induced plasma time-of-flight LE Low energy MNBA meta-Nitrobenzyl alcohol, an LI Liquid ionization LSIMS matrix PA Proton affinity LIMATM Laser ionization mass MNDO Modified neglect of PAD Post-acceleration detector analyzer, Laser ion differential overlap PAI Post ablation ionization microprobe analyzer MO Molecular orbital PBM Probability-based matching LMM Low molecular mass MPD Multiphoton dissociation PBMS Particle-beam mass LMMS Laser microprobe mass MPI Multi-photon ionization spectrometry MPM Multiple peak monitoring PCI Positive ion chemical LMS Laser mass spectrometry MQDT Multi-channel quantum- ionization defect theory PD Plasma desorption LOD Limit of detection MRM Multiple reaction monitoring Photodissociation R. Bethem, J. Boison, J. Gale, D. Heller, S. MSn If n = 2, MS-MS. If n = 3, PDMS Plasma desorption mass Lehotay, J. Loo, S. Musser, P. Price, and S. MS-MS-MS. Repeat as spectrometry Stein, J. Amer. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 14(5) necessary. PEPICO Photoelectron-photoion 528 (2003) MSB Mass Spectrometry Bulletin coincidence spectroscopy TM This reference is an excellent overview MSD Mass selective detector PES Photoelectron spectroscopy of establishing the fitness for purpose of MSDC Mass Spectrometry Data PFK Perfluorokerosene Center PFTBA Perfluorotributylamine mass spectrometric methods. It MSM Multiple-scattering method PHD Pulse height distribution includes essential definitions and dis- MSR Mass Spectrometry Reviews PI Positive ion cussions of analytically important terms MS-MS Mass spectrometry-mass PID Particle-induced desorption such as the limit of detection. spectrometry Photon-induced dissociation MSSS Mass spectral search system PIE Photoionization efficiency LOQ Limit of quantification PIPECO Photoion-photoelectron LRB Laboratory reagent blank MULTUM Multiturn mass spectrometer coincidence spectroscopy LSIMS Liquid matrix secondary ion D. Okumura, M. Toyoda, M. Ishihara, and I. PLE Pressurized liquid extraction mass spectrometry Katakuse, J. Mass Spectrom., 39, 86 (2004) PMF Peptide mass fingerprinting LTOF Laser time-of-flight A multiturn time-of-flight mass spec- PMM Peptide mass maps Linear time-of-flight trometer has been used to achieve high PMS Parallel mass spectrometry LV/EI Low voltage electron PPINICITM Pulsed positive ion negative ionization mass resolution for ions generated by MALDI by multiple passages of the ion ion chemical ionization u mass unit (1/12 of the mass through the flight tube. A sophisticated PSD Post-source decay of C), now replaced by Dalton ion injection and timing scheme must A. J. Hoteling and K. G. Owens, J. Amer. m mass of the ion in units of u be used to accomplish this feat, but the Soc. Mass Spectrom., 15(4), 523 (2004) MAGIC Monodisperse aerosol authors demonstrate feasibility and Post-source decay is a term often used generator interface to impressive results. in conjunction with a time-of-flight chromatography MALD Matrix-assisted laser MW Molecular weight mass spectrometer. After the ions are desorption Mwt Molecular weight formed in the source and accelerated

May 2004 19(5S) Current Trends In Mass Spectrometry 43 Acronyms in Mass Spectrometry

into the analyzer region, they can uni- SDM Selected dissociation t ion flight time, time molecular dissociate, or can be induced monitoring T Tesla to dissociated through collision. Mani- SEAC Surface-enhanced affinity Kinetic energy release value pulation of subsequent focusing and capture TAC Time-to-amplitude converter reflecting voltages can elucidate these SEC Size exclusion TAMS Tandem accelerator mass mass-changing reactions. chromatography spectrometry TDC Time-to-digital converter SELDI Surface-enhanced laser PSI Pulsed sample introduction TEL Translational energy loss desorption ionization PSPF Post source pulse focusing TEPSICO Threshold electron photoion PyMS pyrolysis mass spectrometry N. Tang, P. Tornatore, and S. R. Weinberger, secondary ion coincidence Mass Spectrom. Rev., 23, 34 (2004) TES Translational energy q Quadrupole device used in In SELDI, the matrix that supports the spectroscopy rf-only mode as a collision cell sample of interest also serves to purify, TGAMS Thermogravimetric analysis Q Quadrupole mass filter extract, or modify the sample. More mass spectrometry Q Reaction endothermicity precisely, the SELDI matrix is designed TG GC–MS Thermogravimetry gas QA Quality assurance for a particular target analyte, as con- chromatography mass spectrometry QC Quality control trasted with the general purpose matri- TI qCID Collision-induced dissociation ces used in MALDI. accomplished within an TIC Total ion current TID Trapped ion detector rf-only quadrupole SEND Surface-enhanced neat Thermally induced QCPE Quantum Chemistry desorption dissociation Program Exchange SFC–MS Supercritical fluid TIMS Thermal ionization mass QET Quasi-equilibrium theory chromatography–mass spectrometry QFTMS Quadrupole Fourier-Transform spectrometry TISI Turbo ionspray ionization mass spectrometry SFE Supercritical fluid extraction TLC–MS Thin layer chromatography– QIT SI Spray ionization mass spectrometry QTOF Quadrupole followed by a Surface ionization TMS Trimethylsilyl, tetramethylsilane time-of-flight mass analyzer SID Surface-induced dissociation QUISTOR Quadrupole ion storage trap SIFDT Selected ion flow drift tube mass SIFT Selected ion flow tube spectrometry r radius of electric or SIM Selected-ion monitoring ToF Time-of-flight magnetic sector SIMBROC Simulated background and TOF Time-of-flight RA Relative abundance reduction/oxidation TOFMS Time-of-flight mass RCM Rapid Communications in calculations spectrometry Mass Spectrometry SIMS Secondary ion mass TQ Triple quadrupole rdbe Rings plus double bonds spectrometry TQMS Triple quadrupole mass equivalent SIN Surface-induced neutralization spectrometry REMPI Resonance-enhanced SIOMS Surface ionization organic TRPD Time-resolved multi-photon ionization mass spectrometry photodissociation rf Radio frequency SIR Selected-ion recording TSP Thermospray Response factors SMB Supersonic molecular beam TSQTM Triple stage quadrupole RGA Residual gas analyzer SMOKE Stored modulation of RI Relative intensity kinetic energy uVLD Ultraviolet laser desorption RIMS Resonance-ionization mass SMOW Standard mean ocean water UVPD Ultraviolet photodissociation spectrometry SNR Signal-to-noise ratio RLCT Rayleigh limiting charge theory SPE Solid phase extraction v ion velocity RN Resonance neutralization SPME Solid phase micro extraction V Accelerating voltage ROOMS Regular old ordinary mass SRBC Simulated reduction and Accelerating voltage scan spectrometry (courtesy of R. background calculations VG Vacuum Generators, former A. Hites) SRM Selected reaction monitoring name of a manufacturer of R2PI Resonant 2 photon ionization Standard reference material mass RP Resolving power SSMS Spark source mass VOC Volatile organic compound RPD Retarding potential difference spectrometry VTST Variational transition RPLC Reversed-phase liquid STIRS Self-Training Interpretive and state theory chromatography Retrieval System RRKM Rice, Ramsperger, Kassel, STMT Stieltjes-Tchebycheff W and Marcus moment theory rTOF Reflectron time-of-flight SWIFT Stored-waveform inverse z the charge state of the ion Fourier Transform in units of the electric SA Sinapinic acid, a MALDI matrix SWIM Stored waveform ion charge ■ SCMS Sanibel Conference on modulation Mass Spectrometry

44 Current Trends In Mass Spectrometry 19(5S) May 2004 www.spectroscopyonline.com