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Flora Annie Steel, Henry Rider Haggard and Perceval Landon

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Flora Annie Steel, Henry Rider Haggard and Perceval Landon This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Watts, James Title: Imperial Enthusiastsand the Presentation of Empire in Britain Four lives in the British Empire, 1880-1930 General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Watts, James Title: Imperial Enthusiastsand the Presentation of Empire in Britain: Four lives in the British Empire, 1880-1930 General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. Imperial Enthusiasts and the Presentation of Empire in Britain: Four lives in the British Empire, 1880-1930 James Neil Watts A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements for award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts School of Humanities, Historical Studies (History) Submitted May 2020. Word Count – 79, 096 ABSTRACT This thesis considers elite imperial discourse in Britain during 1880-1930 through the lives of four empire enthusiasts: Flora Shaw, Flora Annie Steel, Henry Rider Haggard and Perceval Landon. These individuals travelled and lived across the Empire but returned to Britain to promote their own passionate visions of it. Their place in British and colonial society meant that these individuals provoked reactions which are also revealing of the status and popularity of their ideas. Building on research into the informational and personal networks of empire, it works to refine our understanding of how the empire was promoted by imperial experts. Examining imperial experts and considering these four writers’ side by side means that the analysis can consider how imperial communicators in literary and media circles promoted the empire in debates which some considered to be domestic. Using their personal and public writings it charts how they conceptualised the empire for which they worked and what benefits they saw in it, both for themselves and their British public. Each individual sheds light on a different theme and expression of imperialism: the media-political nexus and Greater Britain, the romanticisation of the exotic empire, the vision of settler colonies as part of land reform, and the militarist expression of empire and its links to the imperial frontier. Themes such as these, given the individual focus of this research, are complemented by, and refracted through, the notions of gender, race, class, and professional identities which each held. Broadly, this thesis is questioning, using the lives of some of its greatest enthusiasts, what the position of the empire was within elite discourse in literature and the media. 1 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are due first of all to my supervisors, James Thompson and Richard Sheldon. Your sage advice and criticism have been unfailingly useful. You have also been supportive, patient, and kind beyond the call of duty. I must also thank the History Department at the University of Bristol for creating an excellent research environment and being unfailingly helpful. Amy Edwards, Hugh Pemberton, Grace Huxford, and Sumita Mukherjee in particular have provided advice and criticism on different parts of this work throughout my time at Bristol. You have been particularly kind with your time and helpful in your criticism. Heartfelt thanks should also go to my funder Mrs Keil without which I could not have undertaken this research. I have to extend my thanks to my fellow PGRs. From 7 Woodland Road, to Senate House, to 34 TPR, you have made the research experience more pleasant and I like to think that together we have contributed towards a more supportive research environment. In particular Joan, Caitlin, Ali, Grace, Wilson, Steve, Dan, Penny, and Jess, you guys are great. Baker, your frequent visits and trips to the Gryphon are the best. Tabby, you have kept me going when I wanted to stop and have made me a better researcher and man. Finally, thanks above all to my family, to whom this thesis is dedicated. Without your support I wouldn’t be here, and without your inspiration, I would not have pursued History in the first place. 3 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I declare that the work in this dissertation was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the University’s Regulations and Code of Practice for Research Degree Programmes and that it has not been submitted for any other academic award. Except where indicated by specific reference in the text, the work is the candidate’s own work. Work done in collaboration with, or with the assistance of, others, is indicated as such. Any views expressed in the dissertation are those of the author. Signed: jnwatts Date: 14/05/2020 4 Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................... 3 Author’s Declaration ............................................................................................................................ 4 Imperial discourse, Publicists, Representation in Britain and how Imperial Enthusiasm Shaped the lives of Imperial Advocates ............................................................................................................ 7 Case Studies ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Flora Shaw (1852-1929) ................................................................................................................ 13 Flora Annie Steel (1847-1929) ....................................................................................................... 15 Henry Rider Haggard (1856-1925) ................................................................................................ 17 Perceval Landon (1869-1927)........................................................................................................ 18 Imperial Enthusiasts: The Reception and Representation of Empire ............................................... 20 Imperial Virtues and the Importance of the Rural, Farming, and the Land ...................................... 26 The Visitor to the Empire as Imperial Communicator in Britain and the links between Politics, Literature, and the Media ................................................................................................................. 32 Ideologies of Empire: Greater Britain and Historical Destiny ........................................................... 38 Gender and Empire ........................................................................................................................... 45 Attitudes to Indigenous Peoples in the Empire ................................................................................ 50 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 55 Flora Shaw, Press and Politics: A Woman in the press and the promotion of the British Empire .............................................................................................................................................................
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