Sher shah suri administration pdf

Continue In this article, get NCERT notes by and Sur Dynasty. Sur Interregnum is an important topic for the 2019 Civil Service exam. To learn more about UPSC 2020, refer to a related article. Sher Shah Suri (UPSC Notes): - Download the PDF Here SUR DYNASTY or SUR Interregnum (1540-1555) The Administration of Sher Shah Sher Shah was the founder of the Sur Dynasty. His original name was Farid. He was the son of Hassan Khan, Jagirdar Sasaram in Bihar. He was named Sher Khan for his bravery under the Afghan rule of Bihar. Sher Shah Sur (1486-1545) Sher Shah Sur conquests include Bundelkhand, Malva, Multan, Punjab, and Sindh. His empire occupied all of Northern , with the exception of Assam, Gujarat, Kashmir and Nepal. Although his reign lasted only 5 years, he organized an excellent administrative system. The king was assisted by four important ministers. The sofa-and-visarat or Wazir - responsible for the income and finances of Divan-e-Ariz - in charge of the army of Divan-e-Rasanath - Foreign Minister Of Divan-e-Insha - The Empire of Communications Minister Sher Shah was divided into forty-seven sarkars Each Sarkar was additionally divided into different Pargans and was responsible for various officers. Shiqdar - Military Officer Amin - Land Income Fotedar - Treasurer Karkuns - Accountants Iktas - various administrative units under Sher Shah, land revenue management was well organized. The land survey was reasonably done. All the iconic lands were classified into three classes - good, medium and bad. The State accounted for one third of the average production and was paid for by cash or culture. Cher Shah introduced a new silver coin called Dam, and they were in circulation until 1835. Under his regime, the police were competently reorganized, and crime was less. Shah borrowed many ideas, such as branding horses from Alauddin Halji Sher Shah also developed links by laying four important highways. Sonargaon in Sind Agra in Berhampur Jodhpur in Chittor Lahore Multan Grade Sher Shah remained a pious Muslim and generally tolerant of other religions. He also worked as a Hindu in important offices. The old puran fort and its mosque were built in its period. He also built a mausoleum in Sasarama, which is considered one of the masterpieces of Indian architecture. The famous Hindi Padmawat by Malik Muhammad Jayashi was written during his reign. In 1545, Sher Shah died, and his successors ruled until 1555, later Humayun recaptured India. Sher Shah Suri (UPSC Notes): - Download PDF Here also read-Factors Contributing to the Rise of Extremism Founder Suri Empire in India (1486-1545) Padisha Sher Shah SuriPadishahImaginary sketch work by Sher Shah Suri Afghan artist Abdul Ghafour BreshnaSultan from Suri EmpireReign17 May 1538 - May 22 (as Emperor of the Mughals) SuccessorIslam Shah SuriBorn1486Sara, Delhi Sultanate (now in Bihar, India) SasaramSpouseUtmadun Nissa Bano Begum, Rani Shah BegumIssueIslam Shah Suri (Jalal Khan) Adil HanFull nameFarid han LodhiDom SurDynastySur dynastyFaserHassan Khan SurligionIslam cher Shah Suri (1486 - 22 May 1545), born Farad, with the capital in Sasaram. He introduced the currency of the rupee. Ethnic Afghan Sher Shah took control of the in 1538. After his accidental death in 1545, his son Islam Shah succeeded him. He first served as a private, and then became commander of the Mughal Army under and then governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur Humayun's son was on an expedition, Sher Shah captured the state of Bengal and founded the Suri Dynasty. Brilliant strategist Sher Shah has established himself as a talented administrator as well as a capable general. His reorganization of the empire laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, in particular Akbar, the son of Humayun. During his seven-year rule from 1538 to 1545, he established a new economic and military administration, issued the first Rupee from Taka, and organized the postal system of the Indian subcontinent. Some of his strategies and contributions were later idolized by mughal emperors, most notably Akbar. Suri further developed the city of Dina-pan Humayun and called it Shergarkh and revived the historic city of Pataliputra, which had been in decline since the 7th century AD as Patna. It extended the Grand Trunk Road from Chittagong on the border of Bengal province in northeastern India to Kabul in Afghanistan in the far northwest of the country. The impact of his innovations and reforms went far beyond his brief reign; his sworn enemy, Humayun, called him Ustad-e-Badshahan, the teacher of the kings. During these seven years of his reign, he never lost a battle. The early life and origin of Sher Shah Suri was born in Sasaram, a town in bihar state in present-day India, into a Pashtun family. His surname Suri was taken from his Pashtun sur tribe. He was a distant relative of Shun Babur, Mir Shah Jamal, who remained loyal to Humayun. The name Cher (meaning a lion or tiger in the older Persian pronunciation) was appropriated for his courage when, as a young man, he killed a tiger who suddenly jumped on King Bihar. His grandfather, Ibrahim Khan Suri, was a landowner (Jagirdar) in the Narnaul area (present-day Haryana) and represented the Denian rulers of that period. Mazar Ibrahim Khan Suri still stands as a monument in Narnaul. Tarich-i Khan Jahan Lodi (MS. p. 151). Not primary this fact must also be confirmed. However, the online Encyclopedia Britannica claims that he was born in Sasaram (Bihar), in the Rokhtas district. He was one of eight sons of Mian Hassan Khan Suri, a prominent figure in bahlul Khan Lodi's government in Narnaul Pargan. His grandfather, Ibrahim Khan Suri, was a noble adventurer from a Rohingya source; he was recruited much earlier by Sultan Bahlul Lodi of Delhi during his long contest with Sultanat Jaunpur. It was during this generosity of Sultan Bahlol, that Sher Shoh's grandfather, named Ibrahim Khon Sori, sur imagined himself as a descendant of Muhammad Suri, one of the princes of the House of Gorian, who left his home country, and married the daughter of one of the Afghan chiefs, the father of Sher-Shoha, came to the Hindu-stan from Afghanistan, from a place called in the language of Afghan Shargar, but in the language of Multan. It is a ridge, a spur of the Sulaimon Mountains, about six or seven spits in length, located on the shores of Gumal. They joined the service of Muhabbat Khon Sar, Kadu Sahi-Hail, whom Sultan Bahlol gave in Jagara parganas Harian and Bahkal, etc., in Punjab, and settled in Bajwara Pargan. Abbas Khan Sarwani, 1580 Farid received a village in Fargan, Delhi (including the modern districts of Bhojpur, Buksar, Bhabhua Bihar) by Omar Khan Sarwani, an ethnic Pashtun, counselor and courtier Bahlul Khan Lodi. Farid Khan and his father, Jagirdar Sasarama in Bihar, who had several wives, did not get along for a while, so he decided to run away from home. (quote necessary) When his father discovered that he had fled to serve Jamal Khan, Governor of Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, he wrote Jamal Khan a letter saying: Farid Khon, being annoyed by me, went to you without sufficient justification. I believe in your kindness to soothe him, and send him back; but if he refuses to listen to you, he will not return, I hope you will keep him with you, because I wish he had been instructed in religious and polite teaching. Jamal Khan advised Farid to return home, but he refused. Farid replied in an email: If my father wants me to come back to instruct me in teaching, there are many male scientists in this town: I will study here. The conquest of Bihar and Bengal Especially Shere Khan was not an angel (Malak), but a king (Malik). Six years later, it has given such stability to the structure (of the empire) that its foundations still survive. He made India prosper in a way that the King of Persia and Turan appreciate it, and have a desire to look at it. Hazrat Arsh Ashiani (Akbar the Great) followed his administrative leadership for fifty years and did not stop them. In the same thanks to the capable administration of the willing court, there is nothing left but rabble and jungle... Mirza Aziz Koka, son of Atag Khan, in a letter to Emperor Jahangir Farid Khan began his service under the leadership of Bahar Khan Lohani, Governor of the Mughal Bihar. Thanks to his prowess, Bahar Khan awarded him the title of Sher Khan (Lord of the Lion). After the death of Bahar Khan, Sher Khan became regent of the ruler of the minor sultan Jalal Khan. Later, sensing the rise of Sher Shah's power in Bihar, Jalal turned to Giasuddin Mahmoud Shah, the independent sultan of Bengal, for help. Giasuddin sent an army led by General Ibrahim Khan. But Sher Khan defeated the forces at the Battle of Surajgarh in 1534 after forming an alliance with Ujainya and other local chiefs. Thus, he gained complete control over Bihar. In 1538, Sher Khan attacked Bengal and defeated Mahmoud Shah. But he was unable to capture the kingdom because of the sudden expedition of Emperor Humayun. On June 26, 1539, Sher Khan confronted Humayun at the Battle of Chause and defeated him. Assuming the title of Farid al-Dev Byer Shah, he again defeated Humayun in Kannauja in May 1540 and drove him out of India. After the death of Bahadur Shah Gujarat in 1537, Kadir Shah became the new ruler of the Malva Sultanate. He then turned to and the Muslim nobles of the Hilji government in Malva for support. Bhupat Rai and Puran Mal, sons of Raja Silhadi, took part in the regime in recognition of their interest in the Reisen region. By 1540, Bhupat Rai had died, and Puran Mal had become the dominant force in eastern Malwa. In 1542, Sher Shah captured Malwa without a fight, and Kadir Shah fled to Gujarat. He then appointed Shujat Khan as Governor of Malva, who reorganized the administration and made Sarangpur the seat of the Malwa government. Then Sher Shah ordered to deliver Puran Mal to him. Puran Mal agreed to accept his favor and left his brother Chaturbhuj under the service of Sher Shah. In exchange, Sher Shah vowed to protect Puran Mal and his land. The Muslim women of , whom Sher Shah took under his rule, came to him and accused Puran Mal of killing their husbands and enclothing their daughters. They threatened to condemn Sher Shah on Resurrection Day if he did not avenge them. Reminding them of his promise to protect Puran Mal, they told him to consult his ulema. The ulema issued a fatwa stating that Puran Mal deserved to die. Sher Shah surrounded Puran Mala's camp. Seeing this, Puran Mal beheaded his wife and ordered the other Rajputs to kill their families as well. Nizamuddin Ahmad writes that there were 4,000 Rajputs that are important. Abd al-Kadir Badaoui says the number of Rajputs is 10,000. Historian Abbas Sarwani describes the scene While Hindus were busy executing their women and families, Afghans on all sides began slaughtering Hindus. Puran Mal and his comrades... failed not to show valor and gallantry, but in the blink of an eye all were killed. Only a few women and children survived. Puran's daughter Mala was given to minstrels to be a dancing girl while his three nephews were neutered. As a pretext for betrayal, Sher Shah claimed that it was revenge for the enslavement of Muslim women and that one day, when he was seriously ill, he promised to destroy Rajput Raisen. Conquest of Marvar's Main Article: The Battle of Sammel In 1543, Sher Shah Suri with great force of 80,000 cavalry went against Maldeo Rathor (King Rajput Marvar). Maldeo Rathor with an army of 50,000 cavalry advanced to The Sher Shah's army. Instead of going to the enemy capital, Sher Shah stopped in the village of Sammel in Pargan Jaitaran, ninety kilometers east of Jodhpur. After a month of skirmishes, Sher Shah's position became critical due to difficulties in supplying food for his vast army. To resolve this situation, Sher Shah resorted to a cunning ploy. One evening, he dropped the fake letters near the Maldeo camp so that they would be intercepted. These letters falsely indicated that some of Maldeo's army commanders had promised to help Sher Shah. This caused great consternation in Maldeo, who immediately (and mistakenly) suspected his commanders of disloyalty. Maldeo went to Jodhpur with his men, abandoning his commanders on their fate. After that, the innocent generals Maldeo Jaita and Kumpa fought with only a few thousand men against enemy forces of 80,000 men and guns. In the ensuing Battle of Sammel (also known as the Battle of Giri-Sumel), Sher Shah triumphed, but several of his generals were killed and his army suffered heavy losses. Cher Shah is said to have noticed that for a few grains of bayra (the millet, which is the main culture of the barren Marvar) I almost lost the entire kingdom of Hindustan. According to Mughal historian Badany, the use of elephants by the army Sher Shahs helped him defeat the Army of the Rajputs. After this victory, General Sher Shaha Havas Khan Marwat took possession of Jodhpur and occupied Marwar territory from Ajmer to Mount Abu in 1544. The Government and Administration Inspection of the Great Northern Road of Sher Shah Suri Rupi, issued by Sher Shah Suri, 1538-1545 AD, was the first rupee system of trimemalism, which began to characterize the chasing of the Mughals, was introduced by Sher Shah. While the term rapia has previously been used as a generic term for any silver coin, during his reign the term rapi was used as a name for a silver coin of the standard weight of 178 grains, which was the forerunner of the modern rupee. Rupee is used today national currency in India, Indonesia, Maldives, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Seychelles, Sri Lanka and other countries. Gold coins called Mohur weighing 169 grains and copper coins called Paisa were also minted by his government. According to the numismatists Goron and Goenki, from coins dated 945 AD (1538 AD), it is clear that Sher Khan took over the royal title of Farid al-Din Sher Shah and the coins were issued on his own behalf even before the Battle of Chaus. Sher Shah was responsible for the or Great Road). Caravanserais (hotels), temples and mosques were built and trees were planted along the entire site on both sides of the road to provide shade ﺷﺎﺮا اﻋﻈﻢ :significant restoration and modernization of Grand Trunk Road, the main artery that runs all the way from present-day Bangladesh to Afghanistan, and which at one time was called Shah Rah-e-Azam (Urdu for travelers. Wells have also been dug, especially along the western part. It has also created an efficient postal system, with mail carried by relay riders. Sher Shah has built several monuments, including Fort Rokhtas (now a UN World Heritage Site in Pakistan), many at Fort Rokhtasgarh in Bihar, Sher Shah Suri Masjid in Patna, the Mosque of Sila-e-Kuhna in the Purana-Sila complex in Delhi, and Sher Mandal, an octagonal building also inside the Puana-Kuhna Library complex, which later served as a library. (quote necessary) He built a new city, Bhera, now Pakistan in 1545, including in it the great masjid named after him. (quote needed) Cher Shah is generally considered tolerant of Hindus, except for the massacre after the surrender of Raisen. Tariq-e-Sher Shahi (The Story of Sher Shah), written by Abbas Khan Sarwani, a vaqia-visa under later Mughal Emperor Akbar circa 1580, provides detailed documentation of the administration of Sher Shah. (quote necessary) Religious persecution In 1545, Sher Shah Suri led a campaign of religious violence in the western and eastern provinces of the empire in India. As in the case of theologians and judicial officials of the Delhi Sultanata, his advisers consulted in favour of religious violence. Sheikh Nizam, for example, advised: There is nothing equal to a religious war against infidels. If you are killed, you will become a martyr, if you live, you become a gazi . Sher Shah's army then attacked the Hindu fort of Kalinjar, capturing it, killing all the people inside the fort. Death and Continuity Additional information: Sher Shah Suri Tomb Sher Shah Suri Tomb in Sasaram Tomb (covered in green) Sher Shah was killed on May 22, 1545 during the siege of Fort Kalinjar in Bundelkhand against the Rajput Mahoba. When all the tactics to conquer this fort failed, Sher Shah ordered to blow up the walls of the fort with gunpowder, but he himself was serious as a result of a mine explosion. His successor was his son Jalal Khan, who took the title of Islam Shah Suri. His mausoleum, the tomb of Sher Shah Suri (122 feet tall), stands in the middle of an artificial lake in Sasaram, a town on Grand Trunk Road. The legacy of the destruction of the towns of Sher Shah Suri is accused by Abd al-Kadir Badan and other Muslim historians of destroying old cities, establishing new ones on their ruins in honor of his own name. Shergarh is one of the main examples representing a desert city with a fort in ruins, which in the old days was a prosperous place where Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism coexisted peacefully. This can obviously be extracted from the various inscriptions found in the area. Sher Shah is also said to have destroyed Dinpan, which Humayun was building as Delhi's sixth city. The new town of Shergarh, built by him, was destroyed in 1555 after Humayun recaptured territory from Surov. However, Tariq-e-Daudi claims to have destroyed Siri. Abbas Sarwani claims to have destroyed the old city of Delhi. Tariq-e-Khan Jahan claims that Salim Shah Suri built a wall around the imperial city of Humayun. Lal Darwaza Gallery, The southern gate of the Kabul Gate of zil-e-Kuhna, built by Sher Shah in 1541 by Sher Mandal built in his honor of the Mughal Copper Dam, issued from the Narnaul Mint See also Isa Han Niazi Haibat Khan Niazi Shera Khan Bihar List of rulers of the History of Bangladesh History Bangladesh History of India Shershahabadia Community Three-and-cher Shahe; or, Tuhfat-i Akbar Shahi, from Abbes Khon Sarvoni. Chapter I. A story about the rule of Shere-Syo-Saer. Sir H. M. Elliott. London: Packard Humanitarian Institute. page 78. Received on September 4, 2010. Mughal coin. Archive from the original on October 5, 2002. Sher Shah issued a silver coin that was declared Rupiah. It weighed 178 grains and was a precursor to the modern rupee. It remained largely unchanged until the early 20th century - b c c d e f Char Shah of Sarah. Encyclopedia Britannica. Received on August 23, 2010. Chaurasia, Radhay Shyam (2002). History of medieval India: from 1000 BC to 1707 BC Crabtree Publishing House. page 179. ISBN 978-81-269-0123-4. Received on August 23, 2010. Annemarie Schimmel; Burzin K. Wagmar (2004). Empire of the Great Mughals: history, art and culture. Books on over-re-inflating. page 28. ISBN 978-1-86189-185-3. Received on August 23, 2010. Singh, Sarina; Lindsey Brown; Paul Klammer; Rodney Cox; John Mock (2008). Pakistan and Karakorum Highway (7th place). Lonely planet. page 137. ISBN 978-1- 74104-542-0. Received on August 23, 2010. Robert Greenberger (2003). Historic atlas of Pakistan. Rosen's publishing group. page 28. ISBN 978-0-8239-3866-7. August 23, 2010. b Lane Poole, Stanley (2007) First published 1903. Medieval India: under Muhammad (712-1764 AD). Sang-e-Meel Publications. page 236. ISBN 978-969-35-2052-1. B Shere Khan. The Colombian Encyclopedia. Received on 24 August 2010. b c Mughal Coin. RBI Money Museum. Reserve Bank of India. Archive from the original on May 16, 2008. Received on August 24, 2010. SHERGARG FORT. Patna encyclopedia.com. Asad Musammad K̲ h̲ ān̲ , Harvest of Wrath and Other Stories, Oxford University Publishing House (2002), page 62, Ishwari Prasad, Mughal Empire, Chhog Publications (1974), p. 157 - Sur Dynasty. Encyclopedia Britannica. Received on December 5, 2015. A ancestral village in medieval Afghanistan. barmazid.com a b Abbas Khan Sarwani (1580). Three-and-cher Shahe; or, Tuhfat-i Akbar Shahi, from Abbes Khon Sarvoni. Chapter I. A story about the rule of Shere-Syo-Saer. Sir H. M. Elliott. London: Packard Humanitarian Institute. page 79. Received on September 4, 2010. a b c d Ali, Muhammad Ansar (2012). Cher Shah. In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Bangladesh Asian Society. Ahmad, Imtiaz (2008). Formation and consolidation of the state under the leadership of Ujjania Rajputov. In Surinder Singh; Ishar Dial Gaur in South Asia. ISBN 978-81-317-1358-7. Haig, Wolsley (1962) First published 1937. Cher Shah and the Sur Dynasty. In Bern, Richard (Cambridge History of India. Volume IV: The Mughal Period. Press of cambridge University. p. 51. Received November 16, 2016. Colff, Dirk H.A. (2002) First published in 1990. Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: The Ethnostory of the Military Labour Market Hindustan, 1450-1850. Cambridge University Press. page 104. ISBN 9780521523059. John Middleton (2015). World monarchies and dynasties. Routledge. page 568. ISBN 9781317451587. Colff, Dirk H.A. (2002) First published in 1990. Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: The Ethnostory of the Military Labour Market Hindustan, 1450-1850. Cambridge University Press. page 106. ISBN 978-0-521-52305-9. Airali, Abraham (2002) First published in 1997. Emperors peacock throne: The saga of the Mughal Greats. Penguin Books of India. 91-92. ISBN 978-0-14-100143-2. a b Majumdar, R. C., ed. (2006) (First published 1974). The history and culture of the Indian people. Volume 7: The Mughal Empire. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. 81-82. OCLC 3012164. Medieval India: from the Sultanate to the Mughal part - II by Satish Chandra pg.80. - Sher Shahs oft quotes the remark I gave to the country of Delhi for a handful of millet is a tribute to the gallantry of Jait and Kumpa and the willingness of the Rajputs to die even in the face of impossible chances. Anne Curry Cambridge War History: Volume 2, War and the Middle Ages. Cambridge. p. all. Goron, Stan; Goenka, J. P. (2001). Coins of Indian sultanates. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. page 98. ISBN 978-81-215-1010-3. This and the following items show Cher Shaw to take the royal title as early as 945 ... Within the circle: al-sultan sher-shoh ... In reserve: Fared al-Dunya wa 'l'n ab'l muzaffar khallada allah mulkahu a b Elliot and Dawson, History of India, as his own historians say - Muhammadan period, Volume 4, Trubner and Co., London, page 408-409 - Usher, Catherine B. (1977). Sher Shoha Shori's mausoleum. Artibus Asia. 39 (3/4): 273–298. doi:10.2307/3250169. JSTOR 3250169. Abd al-Kadir Badau (1898). Muntahab-ut-Tawarih (English translation (Bib. Ind.) ed.). Calcutta. page 472. K.R. nnungo (1921). Cher Shah. page 404. Jain inscription from Shergarh (Dr. D.K. Sirkar). Inscriptions in southern India. Publishing manager, Delhi. Boland Crew, Tara; Lea, David. Territories and states of India. D'Ayala, Diana. Structural analysis of historical construction: preservation of safety and importance. page 290, 291. Next reading are Tarich-e-Sher Shahi Tariq-i Khan Jahani wa Mahzan y Afghani Edward Thomas (1871) Chronicles of the Patan Kings of Delhi by Sir Olaf Karoe, Patans Burgess, James (1913). The chronology of modern India for four hundred years from the beginning of the Fifteenth century, AD 1494-1894. John Grant, Edinburgh. Sher Shah Suri; Fresh perspective; Bashir Ahmad Khan Matta (Oxford University Press, Karachi, Pakistan) 2006 External Links The earliest latest account of Sher Shah Sur Roads and Sarais (Hotels) Sher Shah Suri Cannon Sher Suri Sher Shah Suri, aimed at eradicating poverty from his empire Learn more about Wikipedia'sSister projectsMediafrom Commonsutationsf from Wikiquotate from Wikiquote from sher shah suri administration pdf. sher shah suri administration upsc. sher shah suri administration ppt. sher shah suri administration and revenue reforms. sher shah suri administration in hindi. sher shah suri administration history discussion. sher shah suri administration conclusion. central administration of sher shah suri

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