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individuals that will be named modeled graciousness and intelligence and love under the conference planning for the Alabama Chapter, and she is dearly committee has brought me to tears missed. Much of the project work you will as they put their time and funding see and experience during this conference was and efforts behind making these simply picking up the research Gail worked to plans a reality. compile and us now, in the present, working to implement. I also want to thank my mentors. The Alabama Chapter of the Troy Wayne Poteete has tirelessly So sit back, relax and enjoy the conference! Association welcomes each of you to the 2018 worked at all hours of day and night Trail of Tears Conference and Symposium. to guide and advise as we work our It is hard to believe the last Alabama hosted way through projects. His kindness ~Shannon Fuller Keith conference took place NINE years ago!!! That and support are greatly appreciated. I conference in Guntersville, Alabama was my appreciate Jack Baker for overseeing very first conference to attend as a member of the integrity of TOTA work and for TOTA, and I am forever grateful to TOTA for never bending on the standards we the life long friends, educational opportunities strive to attain. And last but not and personal growth I experience through least, Alabama Chapter past president, association with this wonderful group of Gail King who will forever be one of people. the greatest mentors of my life. She Speaking of a wonderful group of people, I cannot say enough thanks to the small army of people who worked to make this conference happen. The Alabama Chapter has been blessed by an increase in active members over the last year. These people come to join us with a heart-felt passion to keep the memory of the Trail of Tears and those who endured it forever in the hearts and minds of future generations. So, if you see a new face, please introduce yourself and POST CONFERENCE EVENT thank them for all they have been working Genealogy Workshop towards, and make them feel welcome into Anita Finger Smith ~ Genealogist our family. Anita Finger-Smith is a full-time professional genealogist, an As with most events, big things don’t accomplished researcher, and a national lecturer. She specializes in happen without big support. The generous Native American tribal records, focusing on Southeastern research outpouring of support that has come from the pre-Removal period to the present. She is the North from the State of Alabama Tourism, the Carolina state genealogist for the Commission of Indian Affairs. Alabama Bicentennial, Muscle Shoals She is currently on the Board of Directors of the National Trail of Tears Association and is the treasurer of the North Carolina Chapter National Heritage Area, National Parks of the Trail of Tears Association and the Historical Service, Trails50, National Trails System, Society. She is the principal genealogist for Cherokee Genealogy the , the Cherokee Nation Services, licensed by the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Businesses, City of Decatur Parks and Recreation Department, Decatur Morgan County Convention and Tourism Bureau, Alabama Mountain Lakes Tourism Association, Sacred Way Sanctuary, Alta Planning and Design, Doubletree Hilton, Oka Kapassa Board, Mayor Tab Bowling- Decatur, Mayor Kerry Underwood- Tuscumbia, Mayor Ian Sanford-Sheffield, the University of North Alabama, the Office of Archaeological Research, and more 2 Trail of Tears National Historic Trail News • Spring 2018 Seth Armstrong ~ 5:00pm Seth Armstrong is the Friday, October 26th consultant for Native American History at 9:00am - 12:00pm the Muscle Shoals National Heritage TOTA BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING area. He received both his B.S. in History (Hospitality Ballroom) Education and his M.A. in History from 1:30pm the University of North Alabama. Seth EARLY CONFERENCE REGISTRATION OPENS develops educational resources material for (Atrium) Native American sites across the Muscle 2:30pm Shoals National Heritage area. TOTA BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING (continued) (Hospitality Ballroom) Rebecca Freeman Hitt ~ 5:00pm Rebecca Freeman Hitt grew up in Cullman, - With Local Partners for Tuscumbia Landing Update Alabama and earned a degree in history 4:00pm at Auburn. She has since declared HOTEL CHECK-IN Huntsville home and harbors a deep (Early Check In WILL NOT Be Available) passion for history and storytelling, both 5:00pm of which she inherited from her grandmother. She holds a healthy ---CONFERENCE OFFICIALLY OPENS--- respect for the paranormal realm and loves to tell as CONFERENCE KICK-OFF AT RHODES FERRY PARK PAVILION many stories as she can in various museums - Dinner in the pavilion and settings, such the Historic Huntsville Depot, the Maple Hill Cemetery Stroll, the Decatur Ghost Walk, and the Huntsville Ghost Walk. REMARKS When not wearing hoopskirts, Rebecca is Shannon Keith-Pres. AL Chapter equally comfortable wearing a flight suit at the Jack D. Baker-Pres. National Trail of Tears Association U.S. Space and Rocket Center (her day job). Cherokee Nation Sec. of State-Chuck Hoskin, Jr. Winter Forests ~ 5:00pm Winter Forest has been 6:00pm many things in his life: a soldier, a student, DECATUR TRAIL OF TEARS WALKING TOUR and a teacher. He has traveled extensively Debut of the Decatur Walking Tour Brochure throughout East Asia – at times in U.S. The Decatur Trail of Tears Walking Tour that traces the historical route Army uniform. Winter of the three groups of Cherokee that were forced to go around the is a retired English section of rapid water known as the Muscle Shoals, by railroad. The Professor, a tour guide for the Historic tour follows their path from disembarking at the River Huntsville Depot and until they left Decatur via the railroad, and encompasses six witness portrays Governor David P. Lewis in structures across historic Decatur. The tour will include costumed the annual Maple actors, and give the history of witness structures. Seth Armstrong Hill Cemetery Stroll, as well as a law enforcement officer in various narrates the tour. Rebecca Freeman Hitt and Winter Forests are actors. local productions. His stories and research have 8:00pm appeared in various scholarly publications and he is a popular guide for the Decatur Ghost Walk. PHOENIX SOCIETY COCKTAIL HOUR (Doubletree Hotel Restaurant) - Donors & local partners celebrating the 50th Anniversary of National Historic Trails Legislation

2018 Trail of Tears Conference & Symposium 3 Chelbie Turtle ~ 8:45am Chelbie is the 18-year old daughter of Jeff Saturday, October 27th Turtle and Lisa Trice- Turtle of Tahlequah, 7:00am - 9:00am Oklahoma and is a citizen of the Cherokee BREAKFAST BUFFET Nation. Her Cherokee name is Me-Li, which (Hospitality Ballroom) means Mary. She is the granddaughter of Faye Trice and the late CHEROKEE SONG @ 8:45am Ed (Wickliffe) Trice - Chelbie Turtle ~ Jr. Miss Indian OK both of Vinita, OK, and the late Mary Belle - Whitney Roach ~ Miss Cherokee (Gourd) and Henry Turtle of Kansas, OK. 9:30am Chelbie is a junior at High School. BOARD BUSES FOR TUSCUMBIA LANDING VISIT Chelbie’s life revolves around her family, faith, academics and softball. She is an active member of the and Oklahoma Indian Honor Society, the - Seth Armstrong (bio pg. 3) and Dr. Jeff Bibbee with narrate local 2018-19 Cherokee Nation Tribal Youth Council sites enroute to Tuscumbia Landing and past president of the 2017-18 Cherokee Nation Tribal Youth Council and is a member - Archaeologists Mat Gage and Dr. Brook Persons (synopsis/bios on of H.O.P.E. club at her school and yearbook pg 10) of the Univ. of N. AL will be on hand to discuss site. editor. She is a former Jr. Miss Cherokee 2014-15. She enjoys attending community - Buses will make a restroom stop at Spring Park in Tuscumbia AL and events, and participating in cultural activities, then unload at Tuscumbia Landing in Sheffield, AL such as traditional crafts and traditional games. - Trolley’s will shuttle folks back to Spring Park in Tuscumbia, AL Whitney Roach ~ 8:45am Whitney, a 20-year- FOR THOSE WITH MOBILITY CHALLENGES: old sophomore at A special presentation by John McWilliams (bio pg 5) will tell “The Northeastern State Story of Tuscumbia Landing” complete with a power point images of University, is the daughter of George the site as an alternative to the challenge of walking about the yet and Lisa Roach and undeveloped site. Presentation will be in the Spring Park Pavilion. the granddaughter of the late Levi Roach and Terry 12:15pm and Gerri Heatherly. FLUTE PRELUDE She majors in cellular and molecular - Tommy Wildcat ~ Cherokee National Treasure biology and plans to become a Doctor 12:30pm of Osteopathic medicine to work in Cherokee Nation’s health system. Whitney grew up in the LUNCH AT SPRING PARK HOSTED BY OKA KAPASSA FESTIVAL BOARD Lost City community in northeastern Oklahoma. (Sponsored by Muscle Shoals Heritage Area) She is an active member of the American Indian Science and Engineering Society and the Native - Welcome by Mayor Ian Sanford, Mayor of Sheffield, AL American Student Association at NSU. In her - Recognition of Univ. of AL Dignitaries - Shannon Keith, President free time, Whitney plays volleyball, spends time with her friends and family, and volunteers Alabama Chapter at the Cherokee County Humane Society. - Recognition of Nation Dignitaries - Troy Wayne Poteete, She enjoys traditional Cherokee activities such as making gigs, pucker-toe moccasins and Executive Director National Trail of Tears Association. baskets, and singing in the . REMARKS: Cherokee Nation Sec. of State Chuck Hoskin, Jr. Tommy Wildcat ~ 12:15pm/4:45pm Chickasaw Legislature Spokesman Toby Perkins Tommy Wildcat is a Cherokee Nation Jay Lamar, Executive Director AL Bicentennial National Treasure. Jack Baker, National President Trail of Tears Association He has produced a multitude of CD’s of his - Cherokee/ horses from Sacred Way Sanctuary will be on original flute music and has has been named hand for demonstration. a Native Amercian 1:15pm - 1:30pm Music Award winner multiple times. Tommy REMEMBER THE REMOVAL BIKE RIDERS PRESENTATION is a Graduate of Northeastern OK State 1:30pm Univ. in Tahlequah OK, capital of the Cherokee Nation. From a traditional Cherokee family he UNIVERSITY OF NORTH ALABAMA CAMPUS TOUR is fluent in the Cherokee language and acts as a cultural ambassador traveling frequently travels with the Cherokee Nation Sec. of State. - Dr. Jeff Bibbee will host tour and provide information about a 4 2018 Trail of Tears Conference & Symposium Chuck Hoskin Jr. ~ 3:30pm Chuck Hoskins Jr., has Saturday, October 27th served as Cherokee Nation’s Secretary of State since 2013. As 1:30pm (continued) Secretary of State, Hoskins Jr. acts as Graduate Degree in Public History for participating youth. Afterwards a liaison to federal, state and other tribal they will return to Decatur for dinner and the Daikin Amphitheater governments to protect Program. the interests of the Cherokee Nation. He served as a member 2:30pm of the Cherokee Nation Tribal Council from BOARD BUSES TO HOTEL 2007-2013. Hoskins served as a Delegate to the 1999 Cherokee Nation Constitution Convention, and was Chairman of the Vinita Indian Territory - Drive thru historic Courtland, AL (Where a multitude of ante-bellum Coalition. He was employed by the National Labor homes are in good repair.) Relations Board as an agent and supervised the agency’s operations in Oklahoma. Hoskins is a member of the Cherokee Nation and National Native 3:30pm American Bar Associations. His education includes Vinita High School, 1993; University of Oklahoma, CHEROKEE CITIZENS MEETING BA, 1997; University of Oklahoma, J.D., 2000. (Hospitality Ballroom) 9:30am - Field Trip - Citizens of the Cherokee Nation gather with Sec. of State Chuck Hoskin, Jr. and staff THE STORY OF TUSCUMBIA LANDING Mr. McWilliams’s presentation will serve 4:45pm to broaden attendees’ understanding of the importance of Tuscumbia Landing by dividing it up into three sections: FLUTE PRELUDE (1) the history of Tuscumbia Landing; (2) the transportation system at the Landing; and (3) the Indian Removal - Tommy Wildcat (bio pg 4) ~ Cherokee National Treasure detachments that went through the area.

5:00pm - 8:00pm John McWilliams “FOOD TRUCK” DINNER & CONCERT IN FOUNDERS PARK IN DAIKIN John McWilliams is a local historian in (Amphitheater in Historical Downtown Decatur, Alabama) Tuscumbia, AL. He has written 3 books on the history of Tuscumbia - Comments on Significance of the Trail Systems Anniversary - Aaron and Tuscumbia Landing, including Mahr - Supt. Natl. Trails Intermountain Region, National Park Service the detachments of Creek, Cherokee, and Chickasaw that - Comments on the AL Bicentennial Celebration - Jay Lamar, Ex. Dir. traveled through this area during Removal. - Welcome: Tab Bowling - Mayor of Decatur He has also contributed to articles in four additional books REMARKS: on local history. His books include Life on My Side of the River, Images of America – Shannon Keith-Pres. AL Chapter Tuscumbia, and Tuscumbia Landing 1832 – 1863. Jack D. Baker-Pres. National Trail of Tears Association Cherokee Nation Sec. of State-Chuck Hoskin, Jr. Becky Hobbs ~ After Dinner Singer, songwriter, pianist, composer and playwright, Cherokee ---BECKY HOBBS IN CONCERT--- Nation Citizen Becky Hobbs is a native of Bartletsville, OK in the - Amazing Grace in Cherokee, We are One We are Many; selections old Cooweescoowee Dist. Of the Cherokee from the musical Nanyehi – Beloved Woman of the Cherokee, Tunes Nation. She is a Becky has written for other artists, as well as her own country- direct descendant of the famous Beloved western Hits. Woman of the Cherokee about whom Becky has written 8:00pm a musical “Nanyehi-The Story of Nancy Ward”.. Becky has recorded seven studio albums, and has charted multiple singles on the BillboardHot Country Songs charts, including the hit “Let’s SCREENING OF MO HUMANITIES COUNCIL’S DOCUMENTARY Get Over Them Together”, a duet with Moe “DIGADOHI: LANDS, CHEROKEE, AND THE TRAIL OF TEARS” Bandy. Besides her work as a solo artist, Hobbs has also written for several country and pop acts, such as George Jones, Loretta Lynn, - Q & A session with Filmmaker Monty Dobson is scheduled Sunday and Alabama’s 1994 single “Angels Among Us. Afternoon (More details on pg 10) Becky was inducted into the Ok Music Hall of Fame in 2015 and was honored as a Cherokee National Statesman in 2017. 2018 Trail of Tears Conference & Symposium 5 9:00am - Hospitality Ballroom relationships developed during the 38 their progress in complying with the years that the ABCFM missionaries and National Historic Preservation Act, the lived together in the East, NAGPRA, and other applicable laws OVERVIEW OF THE CHEROKEE some of which continued during the Trail and regulations, and ongoing and NATION TRIBAL HISTORIC of Tears and for many years thereafter. upcoming initiatives that may interest PRESERVATION OFFICE or effect the stakeholders in Native Laurie Brockman American descendaent communities. Toombs will provide an overview Ms. Brockman holds of the Cherokee Nation Tribal a degree in theatre Ben Hoksbergen Historic Preservation Office and and art from Emporia Ben Hoksbergen the National Historic Preservation State University, is the Cultural Kansas. She is a Resource Manager Act; its aim to preserve and retired educator, and Istallation protect Cherokee Nation’s an avid researcher, Archaeologist at cultural and historic resources, and genealogist. Redstone Arsenal in including the Trail of Tears; and While Ms. Brockman Huntsville, Alabama. has never lived He is also a part the overall impact of these efforts. in Alabama, she time Instructor at has spent 10 the University Elizabeth Toombs years researching of Alabama in Elizabeth Toombs generations of her Huntsville, President of the Alabama (Cherokee Nation) ancestors that resided there. She and her Archaeological Society, and sole propretor of serves as the Tribal husband live in Tucson, Arizona where her a small Cultural Resource Management firm. Historic Preservation focus is on researching He received a BA in History at Calvin College Officer for the and developing a genealogical research in Grand Rapids, Michigan and an MA in Cherokee Nation business. She is a member of the Alabama Anthropology from Iowa State University. H has since 2017. She has Chapter of the Trail of Tears Association and over 20 years experience in cultural resouce worked for Cherokee serves on its national board of directors. management and has published dozens of technical reports and articles on archaeology Nation for four Larry Smith years, starting as the from throughout the Southeast and Midwest. cultural art manager Mr. Smith, a native for Cherokee of Alabama, holds 11:00am - Hospitality Ballroom Nation Businesses. a degree in history Previously, Toombs worked in philanthropic and education. CREEK REMOVAL and corporate legal sectors. She is a He is retired from Cherokee language advocate, member Jacksonville State Christopher D. Haveman will examine of the Matriarch Tulsa chapter committed University where he the emigration and relocation of 23,000 to the social welfare of Native women, served as Student Creek Indians from Alabama and Georgia and participates with the Oklahoma Arts Financial Aid to present-day Oklahoma between 1827 Council. Toombs earned her M.A. in Literary Director. He was co- and 1837, which he argues was a policy and Cultural Studies specializing in Native author of The History of ethnic cleansing. He’ll discuss the Studies from the University of Oklahoma of Marshall County, myriad resistance strategies the Creeks and her B.A. from Oklahoma City University. Alabama, served as employed to counter the government’s editor of Guntersville removal program, the experiences 10:00am - Hospitality Ballroom Remembered, along the route, and life in the West and co-authored during the first years of resettlement. Archaeological Investigations Within the MISSION SCHOOLS IN NORTH DeKalb County, Alabama Portion of the ALABAMA Big Wills Creek Drainage, published by the Christopher Haveman Jacksonville State University Archaeological Christopher D. Laurie Brockman and Larry Smith will Resource Laboratory in 2004. Mr. Smith Haveman is an be presenting information from their was contributor for two reports for the assistant professor new book; New England Missions and National Parks Service, Trails Division: of history at the Schools to the Cherokees in Northeast Alabama Collection Camps, Forts, Emigrating University of West Alabama 1820-1838. Christian Depots and Travel Routes Used During Alabama. He is the missionaries from the American Board the of 1838-1839, and author of Rivers of Commissioners for Foreign Missions North Alabama’s Tuscumbia, Courtland, of Sand: Creek (ABCFM), a worldwide missionary and Decatur Railroad and its Role During Indian Emigration, organization, established schools and Cherokee Emigration/Removal Beginning Relocation, and missions between 1820 and 1838, in in 1837. He is an active member of the Ethnic Cleansing Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. Guntersville Historical Society, the Alabama in the American The focus of this presentation will Chapter of the Trail of Tears Association, South, which won be their three missions in Northeast and the Alabama Archaeological Society. the 2017 James Alabama; Chattooga (1820), Creek Path F. Sulzby Award (1820-1837) and Willstown (1823-1838). 10:00am - Dedication Room from the Alabama Historical Association, Based on letters the missionaries and Bending Their Way Onward: sent back to their headquarters in Creek Indian Removal in Documents. Boston, Brockman and Smith have ARCHAEOLOGY ON REDSTONE set these three missions in national, ARSENAL cultural, and historical context. 11:00am - Dedication Room The juxtaposition of Christianity and Redstone Arsenal is a federal military the attitudes, and practices of the installation on the THE METHODISTS AND THE white New England missionaries near Huntsville, Alabama. As a federal CHEROKEE IN ALABAMA and the cultural practices, beliefs, installation, it is beholden to all federal and way of life of the Cherokees will historic preservation, cultural resource Mike will be reprising his talk, be discussed. Despite the many management, and cultural patrimony Methodist among the Cherokee: difficulties, misunderstandings, lack laws. This presentation will include From Richard Riley to the Removal. of a common spoken language, and a summary of Redstone Arsenal’s different world-views, many deep and cultural resource management program, Michael Wren

6 2018 Trail of Tears Conference & Symposium Michael Wren (continued) Michael Wren is a native of Tucson Sunday, October 28th Arizona but grew up in north 7:00am - 9:00am Alabama. He is a graduate of Auburn BREAKFAST BUFFET University. Mike works for a multi- (Hospitality Ballroom) national company providing tax- 8:30am - 9:00am leveraged financing for Fortune 500 TOTA ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING & CHAPTER REPORTS companies. He and (Hospitality Ballroom) his wife, Elise, are the parents of three adult children and 9:00am - 9:15am a new granddaughter. Mike has a lifelong passion for history and has been an active OVERVIEW OF THE CHEROKEE NATION TRIBAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION independent researcher for most of his OFFICE AND THE NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION ACT adult life. He is a long term committed member of the Trail of Tears Association. (Hospitality Ballroom) 12:30am - Hospitality Room - Elizabeth Toombs, Cherokee Nation Tribal Historic Preservation Off.

FINANCING INDIAN REMOVAL 9:15am - 9:45am Financing Indian Removal follows NPS REPORT the money, so audiences can see that removal, though associated closely with the southern states, was in fact - NPS Superintendent Aaron Mahr with Jeff Denny national and international in scope. We think of Indian Removal as a political and military enterprise, but it was CONCURRENT SESSIONS BEGIN also a financial venture, funded by 10:00am bankers in New York and London. Using financial instruments such as stocks (45 minute talks with 15 minutes between) and bonds, investors poured millions of dollars into the dispossession of southeastern Indians in the 1830s. A) Mission Schools in North Alabama (Hospitality Ballroom) - Laurie Brockman Claudio Saunt - Larry Smith Professor Claudio Saunt teaches and B) Archaeology on Redstone Arsenal (Dedication Room) writes about Native American history - Ben Hoksbergen at the University of Georgia, where he 11:00am is the Richard B. Russell Professor A) Creek Removal (Hospitality Ballroom) of American History and a Distinguished - Chris Haveman Research Professor. He is currently at B) The Methodists and the Cherokee in AL (Dedication Room) work on a book entitled Aboriginia: - Mike Wren Mass Deportation and the Road to Indian Territory, which is due out with W.W. Norton 11:50am - 12:30pm & Co. in 2019. He is also the author of three other books: West of the Revolution: An BOOK SIGNING WITH AUTHORS Uncommon History of 1776; Black, White, and Indian: Race and the Unmaking of an American Family; and A New Order of Things: - Exhibitor and Vendor Tables Open Property, Power, and the Transformation of the Creek Indians, 1733-1816. 12:30pm BUFFET STYLE LUNCH (Hospitality Room) - Financing Indian Removal (Hospitality Room) - Claudio Saunt Sunday, October 28th (continued on pg 9)

2018 Trail of Tears Conference & Symposium 7 also served as Dean of Arts and Letters at 2:00am - Hospitality Ballroom Southeastern Oklahoma State University 2:00pm - Excellence Room (1995-1998), vice president for academic CHICKAMAUGA CHEROKEES affairs at Northeastern State University (1898- ALABAMA REMOVAL FORTS 2005), and campus dean at the University Approximately one month before the of Mississippi (2005-2014). He is a graduate Prior to 1838, Northeast Alabama firing of shots at Lexington and Concord of Delta State University and earned M.A. contained several thousand Cherokees on 19 April 1775, an extra-legal land and Ph.D. degrees from Mississippi State and associated farms, slaves, house deal completed at University. He edited Cherokee Newspapers, places, and structures. Through by Cherokee elders on 17 March 1775 1828-1906: Tribal Voice of a People in intimidation, robbery, and threats, it was featured the emergence of Dragging Transition (2014) by Cullen Joe Holland, sadly clear to the Cherokee people that Canoe and his passionate opposition to and The Annotated Pickett’s History of they would not be allowed to live safely and the surrender of Cherokee lands. In mid- Alabama: And Incidentally of Georgia and peacefully alongside white colonizers. May 1776 at a “grand council” at Mississippi, from the Earliest Period (2018). During what has been termed forced attended by a northern Indian delegation, Dr. Pate has received numerous honors “roundup”, prior to commencing the he received the war belt offered by and recognitions for his professional and arduous travel to Indian Territory in the deputy and declared civic activities and completed post-doctoral 1838, several forts were constructed his opposition to the Euroamerican study in Harvard University’s Institute for in Northeast Alabama to house white invasion of Indian country. Contrary to Educational Management (1985). He and his soldiers and supplies, while the the counsel of British agents, Dragging wife Betty live in Bestavia Hills, AL, and they Cherokee were kept nearby in tents, Canoe and the have three children and eight grandchildren. cabins, and open areas as groups were launched a three-pronged attack readied to begin disembarkation. The on the settlements in modern East 2:00pm - Dedication Room conditions underwich the Cherokee Tennessee and Southwest . were housed were not ideal and were This Second Cherokee War brought BUILDING MULTI-USE TRAILS extreme in most cases. One of the on punitive expeditions from Virginia, forts, Fort Likens, has been difficult the Carolinas and Georgia forcing the THRU URBAN/RURAL SETTINGS to identify through the years. In 2012, Cherokee to sign peace treaties in The Alabama Chapter, Trail of Tears 1777 which Dragging Canoe refused to Greenway trails come in all shapes and Association was awarded an Alabama sanction. Instead, he led a secession sizes and are built for a variety of reasons Historical Commission Preservation movement of his militant followers to including recreation and transportation. Grant to perform archaeological studies Chickamauga Creek and the environs In all cases, greenway trails are providing to determine where the fort was located of modern Chattanooga, declaring positive economic, health, and quality- and if any surface artifacts or subsurface his followers the Ani-Yuni-Wiya, “the of-life benefits. Urban, suburban, and deposits remained. My presentation will real Cherokees” and referring to other rural greenways may have different give an overview of the Ft Liken Field Cherokees as “Virginians.” Eventually, appearances and are influenced by Project and what we accomplished. his followers established towns further surrounding land use and expected greenway trail users. Well-known down the Tennessee where their allies Sharon Freeman – and others – occupied the southeastern trails like the Razorback Greenway, Wolf River Greenway, East Five Lower Towns. From his Running Sharon Ashcraft Water Town, Dragging Canoe launched Coast Greenway, and Swamp Rabbit Trail traverse urban and rural landscapes Freeman has been two major campaigns in 1781 and 1788, married for 39 years dispatched war parties against white and feature different facility types such as cycle tracks and shared-use paths, and is a grandmother settlements in Tennessee and , of two wonderful and exchanged ambassadorial parties depending on context and specific project opportunities and constraints. imaginative girls, with his Ohio Indian allies. Despite mother of grown the loss of his British allies in 1783, The presentation will describe greenway twins, and aunt to 48 he reached out to the Spanish in the nieces and nephews. Floridas and used his alliance with the examples in the southeastern United States. The audience will learn how these Creek’s and other Southern Indians to Sharon is a retired continue the Chickamauga resistance greenway trails were planned and how they look, are used, and are beloved today. archaeologist from the through his death in March 1792. Against University of Alabama ever increasing odds, the Chickamaugas Matt Hayes Office of Archaeological continued their resistance under the Research. In 2005, leadership of the métis John Watts Matt Hayes is a Vice Sharon received her (Young Tassel) by launching two major President of Alta BA from the University of Alabama, majoring campaigns in 1792 and 1793 and Planning + Design. in Anthropology and minoring in Geography. continuing their participation in the He has nearly 18 Sharon went on to receive a Master of war efforts north of the Ohio. Anthony years of experience Arts at the University of Memphis in Earth Wayne’s victory at Fallen Timbers leading multimodal Sciences with a concentration in archaeology. and the invasion of the Five Lower transportation and Additionally, Sharon is very proud to have Towns in 1794 coupled with the loss greenway planning received a Graduate Certificate in Museum of Spanish aid ended the eighteen efforts across the Studies including an Internship at the National year Chickamauga resistance to the Southeast. As a Civil Rights Museum in Memphis, Tennessee. whites at in 1795. recognized leader in the bicycle, As one of the founding Board Member James Pate pedestrian, and since 2005 for the Alabama Chapter, Trial of trails field, Matt has laid the groundwork Tears Association, Sharon has participated James P. Pate is for communities, both large and small, in several archaeological projects, grant an independent to accommodate sustainable modes of projects, scanning projects, research scholar/writer transportation. His expertise and passion projects, trail marking projects, mapping and an Emeritus lie in his ability to take clients from a vision projects, educational speaking projects Professor of History to an implementable plan or project. He and in general compiling research along at the University has managed over 70 bicycle, pedestrian, the way. Through the course of these of West Alabama and greenway planning projects at the various projects Sharon has worked with where he served state, regional, community, and corridor wonderful volunteers. The research topic as a department levels. He has a Bachelors of Biology for the 2018 conference is an informative chair, dean, and (with specialization in Environmental presentation highlighting various projects in vice president for Science and GIS) from Samford University Alabama related to documenting removal academic affairs and a Masters of Geography from the and a general illustration of various cultural (1967-1995). He University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. resources associated with Cherokee people. 8 2018 Trail of Tears Conference & Symposium 3:00pm - Hospitality Ballroom CREEK REMOVAL Sunday, October 28th Synopsis & Bio on pg 6 AFTERNOON CONCURRENT SESSIONS BEGIN 2:00pm Christopher Haveman (45 minute talks with 15 minutes between) 3:00pm - Hospitality Ballroom A) Chickamauga Cherokees (Hospitality Ballroom) - James Pate USING GIS TECHNOLOGY AND MAPPING FOR TRAIL OF TEARS ROUTES B) Building Multi-Use Trails thru Urban/Rural Settings (Dedication Room) The Missouri Humanities Council and - Matt Hayes the National Trail of Tears Association are undertaking a comprehensive research project to identify the Trail of C) Alabama Removal Forts (Excellence Room) Tears routes through Missouri, including the identification and interpretation - Sharon Freeman of pertinent sites along the route and the creation of an extensive GIS. 3:00pm

Chris Dunn A) Creek Removal (Hospitality Ballroom) Chris Dunn is a veteran, - Chris Haveman business owner, practicing attorney, and B) Using GIS Technology and Mapping for Trail of Tears Routes (Dedication Room) expert geospatial witness. He holds a Juris Doctor - Chris Dunn from the University of Missouri – School of Law, 4:00pm Columbia as well as a Masters and Bachelors in A) Cherokee Newspapers (Hospitality Ballroom) geography from Kansas State University. His - James Pate firm GeoVelo, LLC, uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and 3-D modeling software to make special purpose maps B) The Role of the Horse During Removal (Dedication Room) and 3-D digital crime scene reconstructions. - Yvette Collins (synopsis & bio on pg 9) Chris’s favorite projects involve mapping and documenting complex, long-standing, property boundary conflicts. Chris regularly gives C) Q & A with Film Producer Monty Dobson (Excellence Room) presentations on geospatial legal issues. He is - MO Humanities Council Documentary “DIGADOHI: Lands, a father, grandfather, member of the Missouri Bar, Eagle Scout, has won awards for his urban Cherokee, and the trail of tear viewing info on pg 5 (bio pg 10) planning, filmmaking, and pro-bono legal work. More information is available at www.GeoVelo.org FOLLOWED BY BOOK SIGNING TIME FOR: 4:00pm - Hospitality Ballroom - Authors for book signing time slot are yet to be determined CHEROKEE NEWSPAPERS During the Cherokee National Council 5:30pm in October 1825, Cherokee leaders appropriated $1,500 to establish a national weekly newspaper that would give them a BUFFET STYLE DINNER WITH AUTHORS voice throughout the United States. From its printing office in , near (Hotel Restaurant) modern Calhoun, Georgia, the first issue of the and Indian’s Advocate was issued on February 21, - Authors who have presented or been vendors during the 1828. With the immeasurable assistance of conference will be seated at different tables allowing folks to visit Sequoyah’s syllabary and the missionary Samuel Worcester, its Cherokee editor Elias with them about their work over dinner Boudinot produced the first newspaper printed in English and in an American Indian language. The Cherokee Phoenix sought (continued from “CHEROKEE NEWSPAPERS” synopsis on pg 9) to change the discourse between white 1834. The Cherokee Nation split into two bitterly divided parties that led to the tragedy Americans, Cherokees, and other Indian of the “Trail of Tears” followed by the assassination of Treaty Party leaders. Amidst peoples. Although Boudinot made it clear this backdrop of unrest, John Ross and his followers established a second Cherokee that the paper opposed removal, the Indian newspaper, the Cherokee Advocate, under the leadership of its first editor William Porter Removal Act and hostile Georgia and federal Ross, Chief Ross’s nephew. Over the next nine years, the editors of the Advocate urged officials caused him to resign as editor the Cherokee to work hard, improve their farming, and embrace education. The Advocate in 1832 and align himself with the Treaty suspended its operations in 1853 and did not resume publication until 1870. In its Party in opposition to John Ross’s National second life from 1870 until 1906, the Advocate confronted the challenges of sovereignty, Party. Elijah Hicks replaced Boudinot and including railroad grants, boomers and other white intruders, statehood, assimilation, continued to publish the Phoenix until May and land allotment. Through the pages of the Advocate, its editors responded to all threats to the Cherokee and other American Indians, including the Dawes Commission James Pate (bio on pg 8) and the Curtis Act which called for the abolition of tribal governments on March 6, 1906.

2018 Trail of Tears Conference & Symposium 9 4:00pm - Dedication Room Saturday, October 27th - 9:30am (more info on pg 4) THE ROLE OF THE HORSE DURING REMOVAL She will bring a pair of Cherokee/Choctaw TUSCUMBIA LANDING FIELD TRIP horses to Spring Park in Tuscumbia, Tuscumbia Landing has a long and varied history that ties together technology, AL for visitation with the Conference industry, and culture spanning roughly 13,000 years. From Paleoindian settlement attendees during the lunch on Saturday of the Americas to the Trail of Tears to World Wars, Tuscumbia Landing has been an during the field trip. She’ll lecture about integral part of the history of the Tennessee Valley. In recent years, efforts have been the horses on The Role of the Horse made to share this information through development of parks and recreation areas in Removal on Sunday afternoon. complete with interpretive signage. The research that has gone into our current understanding of the site has been years in the making and continues to develop. Yvette Running Horse Collin Dr. Yvette Running Matthew Gage Horse Collin received her doctorate in Indigenous Matthew Gage serves as the Director of The University of Studies from the Alabama, Office of Archaeological Research where he began University of Alaska, his professional career in cultural resource management more Fairbanks in May 2017. than 24 years ago. Gage attended The University of New Her research focused on Hampshire, San Diego State University, The University of the historical, cultural, Alabama, and The University of Tennessee. He received the and spiritual relationship Award for Excellence in Research by a Master’s Student by the between the Indigenous Graduate School of The University of Alabama. He has served as Peoples of the Americas project director or principal investigator on hundreds of cultural and the horse. Dr. resource management projects throughout the region and has Running Horse Collin is worked for both state and federal agencies as a compliance one of the Founders of Sacred Way Sanctuary, coordinator for adherence to the National Environmental which is located in Florence, Alabama, and the Protection Act and National Historic Preservation Act. Native American Horse Trail. She is Executive Gage believes in the mission of education and service Director for Sacred Healing Circle, a New established by The University of Alabama and seeks to Mexico-based 501c3 nonprofit organization promote educational outreach related to protection, preservation, and the study that focuses its resources on American Indian of historic properties. His interests include Southeastern prehistory, hunter- programs and communities. She also proudly gatherer societies, peopling of the Americas, Late Archaic settlement patterns, serves as part of the Administrative Team for monumental architecture, cultural interactions, geoarchaeology, and remote sensing. the Black Hills Sioux Nation Council of Elders. Dr. Running Horse Collin is an award-winning Brooke Persons journalist, and has held various executive positions at non-profit institutions around the Dr. Brooke Persons is an anthropological archaeologist United States. She has advised state, federal and and Cultural Resources Investigator at The Office of Fortune 100 organizations on Native American Archaeological Research, a division of University of Alabama policy. She lectures extensively throughout Museums. Dr. Persons specializes in Cultural Resources the United States and internationally on her Management in the Caribbean and American Southeast. people’s traditions and history surrounding the Dr. Persons has authored, directed, and supervised numerous horse at academic and Native leadership archaeological projects for federal, territorial, state, and conferences such as the World Indigenous private clients.Over the years, she has directed archaeological Peoples Conference on Education (WIPCE), surveys and mitigation projects on a wide range of prehistoric the Canadian Indigenous/Native Studies and historic sites and is committed to finding unique solutions Association (CINSA), the Alaska Native Studies for heritage preservation and mitigation. She is a member Conference, and Standing Rock Sioux Nation’s of the Register of Professional Archaeologists (RPA). Prophecy of the Grandfather’s Conference. She practices the traditional ways of her Ancestors and is a wife, mother, and grandmother. MAP LEGEND 4:00pm - Excellence Room ------Doubletree Riverfront Hotel Q&A SESSION WITH FILM PRODUCER ------Rhodes Ferry Landing OF DIGADOHI: LANDS, CHEROKEE, CONFERENCE EVENT LOCATION: FRIDAY DINNER (INFO ON PG 3) AND THE TRAIL OF TEARS Monty Dobson ------Rhea-McEntire House Archaeologist Dr. Monty Dobson is co-founder and ------The Dancy-Poke House Executive Producer at Stratigraphic Productions LLC producers of the ------Old State Bank award-wining public television series America from the Ground Up. A Research Assistant ------Warehouses Professor at Central Michigan University, Monty holds a PhD in ------Decatur Railroad Depot (Old & Reconstructed) archaeology from The University of York. As a Public Archaeologist/ Historian, Monty has served in senior and ------Morgan County Archives executive roles in museums in the US and UK. When not climbing around archaeological sites with a camera crew, Monty lives in Missouri ------Daikin Amphitheater at Founder’s Park with his wife Jacqueline, a fashion stylist and wardrobe consultant, and their three rescue cats. CONFERENCE EVENT LOCATION: BECKY HOBBS CONCERT (INFO ON PG 5) 10 2018 Trail of Tears Conference & Symposium In Memoriam Dr. Gail Tate King Gail Tate King was the first president of the Alabama chapter and Alabama representative to the national board of the Trail of Tears Association. King received her Bachelor of Science degree in biology at the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1966. In 1995 she began her post graduate work in anthropology, archaeology, and ethnohistory. She received her master’s degree from the University of Alabama in 2003. Before her graduate work, King worked mainly as a biologist in the medical field from 1965 to 1985 in Birmingham, AL. She worked at the Southern Research Institute, the microbiology department for the State of Alabama’s Public Health Service, Roche Medical Laboratories, and the cardiology department at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In 1999, her career turned to anthropology. It was then she began working as an oral historian Cfor Panamerican Consultants in Tuscaloosa, AL. She worked as an archaeologist in 2001 at the Office of Archaeological Research in Moundville, AL, and worked as a consultant of the Moundville Archaeological Park in 2005, serving on their planning team and then later on their exhibit design team for the Jones Archaeological Museum. From 2003 – 2006, King served as director of the Southeastern Indian Research Center at Jacksonville State University in Jacksonville, AL. She also taught anthropology at Northwest Shoals Community College in Muscle Shoals, AL. She later became the executive director of the Southeastern Anthropological Institute in Tuscumbia, AL. Gail Tate King left behind a great legacy for all at the Trail of Tears Association. She was a tremendous researcher, archaeologist, and historian. Her work left a greater sense of the Trail of Tears story, both in her home state of Alabama and trail-wide.

REFER TO MAP LEGEND ON PG 10

2018 Trail of Tears Conference & Symposium 11 CONFERENCE VENDORS PLANNING COMMITTEE Debbie Moore - Author Shannon Keith Vicky Rozema Troy Wayne Poteete Oka Kapassa Jack D. Baker Sacred Way Horse Sanctuary Anita Finger-Smith Alta Planning and Design Anita Flannagan Tommy Wildcat Iris Pettus Gail King Research Center Judy Sizemore Creek Nation Cultural Department Judge David Breland Missouri Humanities Council Laurie Brockman Missy Crowe - Native American Art Sharon Freeman Lisa Montalongo - Native American Art Cleata Townsend University of North Alabama Marty King Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area Larry Smith James Pate/Author Signing Table Judy Sizemore Webbers Falls Historical Society’ Steve Stanley Giant Door Media Jeffrey Bibbee Haskell University Seth Armstrong Alabama Archeological Society Yvette Runninghorse Collin Maryanne Floyd Paul Matheny FILM CREWS PROVIDED BY: Victoria Matheny Brett Dennis Giant Door Media LLC Terry McGhee Webbers Falls Historical Society John McWilliams Larry Gullett NOTE: To be notified when this year’s Conference Videos are Rodney Wheeler ready for viewing be sure to visit the National Trail of Tears Joe Campbell Youtube page and Subscribe. Just search “National Trail of Tears” Sean Collin on Youtube and hit the “Subscribe” button.

12 2018 Trail of Tears Conference & Symposium