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Interactive Lighting in the Pearl: Considerations and Implementation

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Interactive Lighting in the Pearl: Considerations and Implementation Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, May 31-June 3, 2015 Interactive Lighting in the Pearl: Considerations and Implementation Ian Hattwick Marcelo M. Wanderley Input Devices and Music Interaction Lab Input Devices and Music Interaction Lab Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Music Media and Technology Music Media and Technology McGill University McGill University Montreal, Quebec Montreal, Quebec [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT The Pearl is a multi-modal computer interface initially con- ceived as an interactive prop for a multi-artistic theatrical performance. It is a spherical hand-held wireless controller embedded with various sensor technologies and interactive lighting. The lighting was a key conceptual component in the instrument’s creation both as a theatrical prop and also as an interface for musical performance as it helps to ad- dress conceptual challenges and opportunities posed by the instrument’s spherical form. This paper begins by providing a brief description of the Pearl and its use as a spherical instrument. We then dis- cuss mapping the Pearl both to generate sound and control its interactive lighting, and identify di↵erent strategies for its use. Strategies we identify include feedback regarding performer gesture, information about the state of the in- strument, and use as an aesthetic performance component. Figure 1: A Pearl resting on its charging base. Author Keywords NIME, multi-modal, interactive lighting, mapping, sphere addition, as the show is conceived as a multi-artistic pro- duction in which both the main performers act, dance, and ACM Classification perform music, it made sense that the Pearl would also be J.5 [Computer Applications] Arts and Humanities — Per- able to fulfill a multi-functional role. forming Arts H.5.5 [Information Systems] Sound and Music The initial conception of the Pearl necessitated that its Computing — Systems visual aesthetics would play a dominant role in its creation. The inclusion of individually addressable LEDs allow for 1. INTRODUCTION complex lighting variations to be created. The visual ap- pearance and composition of the resin shell also plays a key The Pearl is a multi-modal computer interface initially con- role in the visual aesthetics. In addition, it was important ceived as an interactive prop for an multi-artistic theatrical that the Pearl be a monolithic, enclosed object, appearing performance. As a musical instrument it is conceptually as a wondrous object in accordance with its role in the story. simple, yet presents challenges in both design and manufac- turing as well as in the conception of its use. The Pearl was designed for use in a theatrical produc- 2. SPHERICAL INTERFACES tion created by composer David Coubes and percussionist There is no shortage of computer interfaces/displays which Krystina Marcoux. The production is an adaptation of John take the form of a sphere. The simplest implementation is Steinbeck’s novel The Pearl created for two performers, a as a handheld device utilizing inertial sensing for their pri- dancer and a percussionist, and was premiered on March 27, mary interaction and with either no lighting or a single light 2015. As the centre of the plot the Pearl becomes almost source. For example, Panagiotis Tigas created the Sonic- a third character in its own right, a fact which led to the sphere, a palm-sized sphere containing a wireless transmit- desire for an interactive prop which could be programmed ter and accelerometer [9] . In this instrument discrete ori- to respond appropriately over the course of the show. In entations are mapped to pitches, with the pitch being trig- gered upon the transition from one orientation to another. Antonsen and Bjerknes created interactive juggling balls, Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for consisting of white spheres lit internally with multi-colored personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are LEDs and containing an inertial measurement unit.1 One not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to mapping of these balls detects when the balls are in mid-air republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific versus being held by the hand, and changes the lighting of permission and/or a fee. the balls accordingly. The Orb, a similar DMI inspired by NIME’15, May 31-June 3, 2015, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA. 1 Copyright remains with the author(s). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXp2sXKVB58. 201 Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, May 31-June 3, 2015 cation, battery/power management, and a central micro- controller. The microcontroller is an 8-bit ATMEGA328p running at 8MHz. Due to its limited processing speed it was necessary to closely manage the timing of the di↵erent modules. We will discuss the impact of that in the various sections below. Three versions of the Pearl have been created so far. The first two versions are 8cm in diameter, while the 3rd ver- sion is 10cm in diameter. The pigmentation of the resin shell varies between the versions as we are still researching the best approach for creating the preferred opacity and striation of the Pearl. The first 8cm Pearl was delivered to the performers in early February in order to allow for pre-production and publicity of the show; the second 8cm Pearl was delivered in early March to serve as a backup during the performance. The 10cm version was created as an experiment with a larger form factor. 3.1 Electronics implementation The Pearl contains four types of sensors. Inertial and po- sition sensing is carried out by a 9DoF MARG sensor con- sisting of an accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer. The MARG sensor also contains an embedded temperature sensor. Two piezo-electric sensors are embedded within the resin on opposite sides of the Pearl. Two IR emitter-receiver are also embedded within the resin, orthogonal to the piezo sensors. The interactive lighting system consists of 24 RGB LEDs Figure 2: The Pearl used in the production “La mounted in six strips of four along the circumference of Perle,” with dancer Bryan Eliason and percussionist the Pearl’s inner structure. Each LED contains an inte- Krystina Marcoux. Photo by Julien Leroy. grated WS2812 IC which communicates with a 1-wire pro- tocol which requires precise timing of the serial signal. The AD conversion of the piezo sensors takes place within balance juggling, in which a “performer moves a ball around an interrupt loop with a nominal frequency of 2kHz and the body in smooth, rhythmic motions,” was conceptualized the magnitude is taken and peak values stored for the next and prototyped at IDMIL by Gregory Longo [6] . In addi- serial transmission. The same loop samples the IR sensors tion to multi-colored LEDs and an accelerometer the Orb as well as the voltage of the battery at 33Hz. IMU data is incorporates a piezo-electric sensor for knock detection and read over I2C at 100Hz. Lighting control and sensor data an IR distance sensor allowing for interacting with the space transmission are also scheduled to occur at 100Hz, and serial around the instrument. data input at 33Hz. Several larger interactive spheres have been created by the All of these processes are also driven by interrupts, and DMI community. Mailis Rodrigues created the Intonaspa- the interaction between them causes the timing at which the cio as a controller for interacting with site-specific media processes occur to vary considerably. This is most notice- installations [12] [8] . Roughly 30cm in diameter, the In- able in two ways. First, despite sampling at 2kHz percussive onaspacio incorporates several piezo sensors for sensing taps impulses on the surface of the Pearl produce inconsistent and strikes, an IR sensor for sensing the distance between sampled values. One possible explanation for this is if an the sphere and the performer, an IMU, and a microphone impulse occurs when a di↵erent interrupt is in process. In which is used for capturing audio in the space which is used that circumstance the sampling of the piezo signal will be both as source material and as a source of control data. delayed until the other process is completed. The AlphaSphere is a spherical device which is mounted on A second consequence of timing issues occurred when the a table-top stand [11] . As a non-held device it does not performers requested the implementation of a strobe-light contain an IMU but instead utilizes an array of 48 pressure function. Once implemented it was immediately visually sensitive pads located around the surface of the sphere. apparent that the speed of the strobe was inconsistent due The Sphero is a remote controlled sphere with an internal to the many concurrent interrupts being called. To reconcile motor allowing it to be driven freely [7] . Slightly smaller this the sampling of the piezo sensor is disabled when the than a baseball the Sphero contains an RGB LED which strobe function is activated. Following that step the timing is used to communicate system status. In several ways the of the strobe function was satisfactory. implementation of the Sphero is similar to that of the Pearl, including its size, communication strategy, and implemen- tation of inductive charging. 4. MAPPINGS The development of the Pearl took place independently of the production of the show. While discussions were held 3. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION to determine the overall direction of its development, the The Pearl is a spherical instrument consisting of a 3D- functionality of the Pearl as developed at IDMIL and that printed central structure embedded within translucent cast utilized for the show was significantly di↵erent.
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