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Non-Contact Digital Music Instrument Using Light Sensing Technology Aishwarya Ravichandra, Kirtana Kirtivasan, Adithi Mahesh, Ashwini S.Savanth

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Non-Contact Digital Music Instrument Using Light Sensing Technology Aishwarya Ravichandra, Kirtana Kirtivasan, Adithi Mahesh, Ashwini S.Savanth World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:11, No:10, 2017 Non-Contact Digital Music Instrument Using Light Sensing Technology Aishwarya Ravichandra, Kirtana Kirtivasan, Adithi Mahesh, Ashwini S.Savanth beams and realized that these separated beams were like a Abstract—A Non-Contact Digital Music System has been luminous instrument. He also concluded that there should be a conceptualized and implemented to create a new era of digital music. way to trigger notes while touching these beams as shown in This system replaces the strings of a traditional stringed instrument Fig. 1. This was the start of the laser harp and a gateway to the with laser beams to avoid bruising of the user’s hand. The system digital instrument world. This system comes in handy for consists of seven laser modules, detector modules and distance sensors that form the basic hardware blocks of this instrument. people who need to play the stringed instruments like the Arduino ATmega2560 microcontroller is used as the primary veena, guitar and the harp on a regular basis avoiding the interface between the hardware and the software. MIDI (Musical formation of bruises and easing the rendition. Instrument Digital Interface) is used as the protocol to establish communication between the instrument and the virtual synthesizer software. Keywords—Arduino, Detector, Laser, MIDI, NOTE ON, NOTE OFF, PITCH BEND, Sharp IR distance sensor. I. INTRODUCTION LECTRONIC music in the recent times has been in trend Eand it is very important to incorporate new sound synthesis methods and replace the functionality of the conventional methods. Since time immemorial, analog musical instruments with strings and keys have been used and minor changes have been made with the growing technology. The first non-contact musical instrument was named the Theremin, after being developed in the early 1920's by the Russian physicist and inventor Leon Theremin [1]. This Fig. 1 Laser Harp invention revolutionized the use of electronics in the world of music. II. LITERATURE SURVEY The Laser harp is a present day electronic musical Woodruff and Görmez state in their bachelor thesis that a instrument that consists of a number of laser beams laser music system can be created as a combination of laser representing strings of a real harp. To produce musical notes, modules and a sensing system [1]. The distance sensing the laser beams are blocked just like the strings are plucked on modules detect the position of the user’s hand when it a harp. The original laser harp was invented by Geoffrey Rose intersects with one or more beams. in 1975 and he coined the name laser harp, but there is very Ferenc and Popovic-bozovic state one particular realization little information of his invention. of an electronic musical instrument referred as a laser harp. A Paris based visual effects artist named Bernard Szajner The laser harp consists of an array of beams organized in a fan had been working in this field for 30 years and used lasers to arrangement [2]. This instrument uses a programmable system provide a visualization of music. In his work with lasers, he on chip PSoC5LP developed by cypress semiconductors. had used “diffraction gratings” to split a beam into many Paradiso has described that electromagnetic tagging technique can be used to develop musical interface. This International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:11, No:10, 2017 waset.org/Publication/10008025 Aishwarya Ravichandra is a UG student with BNM Institute of interface was able to detect both free gesture as well as local Technology, Bangalore 560070, Karnataka, India (corresponding author, or tactile variables. It was accomplished by identifying the phone: +919243409647, e-mail: [email protected]). passive objects and tracking them in real time [3]. He had also Kirtana Kirtana is a UG student with BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560070, Karnataka, India (phone: +919483381429, e-mail: described that, when the objects were placed in the vicinity of [email protected]). the user, this technique could be used in various combinations Adithi Mahesh is a UG student with BNM Institute of Technology, as a system could recognise and update the status of many Bangalore 560070, Karnataka, India (phone: +919632822045, e-mail: tags. [email protected]). Ashwini S. Savanth is Asst Professor Dept. of ECE BNM Institute of Magun et al. describe the creation of a gestural controller Technology, Bangalore 560070, Karnataka, India (phone: +919880036391, e- that is instrument inspired. The imitation is that of a harp [4]. mail: [email protected]). International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 11(10) 2017 1024 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10008025 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:11, No:10, 2017 In an effort to combine digital electronics and acoustics the sensors and converting it to centimeters and into a pitch goal was set to create an instrument that could produce sound level. without physical contact. The main considerations of this paper were the ability to produce a working prototype and that it had compatibility issues. Their prototype would be able to play a full octave including its semi tones resulting in a seven string instrument. But this was only a concept that could not be implemented due to the use of inefficient hardware components. Wu describes a wireless sensor network which was an adaptable, centralized and deterministic sensor deployment method [5]. DT-Score (Delaunay Triangulation-Score), aimed at maximizing the coverage of a given sensing area with obstacles. It consists of two stages. In the first stage, it uses a contour based deployment to eliminate the coverage holes near the boundary of sensing area and obstacles. In the second stage, a positioning method based on Triangulation for the uncovered regions is used. ROPOSED YSTEM III. P S Fig. 2 Block Diagram of the proposed system The laser music system contains graceful and unique non- contact properties of a new-age musical instrument, while V. HARDWARE DETAILS providing a cognitive structure to the user. The playing area is A. Laser characterized by an array of laser beams representing one octave. This octave is realized by a set of seven individual A visual guide is important when operating this system as it lasers arranged so that the beams are parallel and function like allows the user to perceive the playing area and where to physical switches. Seven distance sensors are placed next to trigger the notes. Lasers are the practical choice as they each laser diode. These sensors constantly track the position of provide the light source for photocells and enable the system the user’s hand and send values to the microcontroller that to have fast switching speeds. To create individual direct correspond to a pitch level. beams of light, laser is a suitable source because its light is coherent; this also reduces the chances of interference with IV. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION other channels. The laser system consists of seven individual red laser modules of visible wavelength (650nm), with a The system is broken into different modules. Each module power output of 5mw. Fig. 3 shows one such laser module. has a vital function which needs to work efficiently to pass on information to the next module, in order for the system to operate completely. The Laser modules function as the light source to the Photocells. If the direct line of sight (LOS) path of the laser is broken, it triggers the change from low to high (note off to on) providing switching action. The detector circuits read the variable analog value from the photocells, and using a comparator and voltage divider circuit, convert this value from analog to digital. A distance sensor continuously tracks the position of the user’s hand to correspond its height to the change in pitch of Fig. 3 Laser Module the note. The distance sensors output a voltage level and this B. Photo Detector International Science Index, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:11, No:10, 2017 waset.org/Publication/10008025 value is input into the analog pins of the microcontroller. The heart of this system is the microcontroller which is a A photocell as shown Fig. 4 has been selected to solve the fundamental element that carries out all the main processing problem of having a fast switching sensor; this allows the user and calculations. Fig. 2 represents the block diagram of the to have a minimal delay when he/she is breaking a laser beam proposed system. to trigger a musical note. The microcontroller performs a number of tasks such as: A Photocell detector circuit is designed by using photocells Reading digital values from the detector circuits. which are sensors that detect light. A photocell's resistance Reading analog values from the distance sensors. changes as the LDR is exposed to more light. When it is dark, Programming the MIDI channels the sensor behaves as a resistor with higher resistance, Processing the analog voltage values from distance whereas when the intensity of light is more, the resistance drops. International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 11(10) 2017 1025 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10008025 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:11, No:10, 2017 the detector circuit. The photocells detect the blocking of light. In the absence of light, the resistance of the photocell increases which causes a change in voltage. This voltage change in turn causes the comparator to change from a low to high output. The response of the photocells is so fast that its lag is negligible. The detector circuit operates by using the comparator that compares two voltages; one called as the reference voltage Fig.
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