Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha, Scolopendromorpha) Fauna of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan

Home , Arrup, Geophilidae, Mecistocephalidae, Pachymerium, Pachymerium ferrugineum, Qashqadaryo Region

Ecologica Montenegrina 41: 41-50 (2021) This journal is available online at: www.biotaxa.org/em http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.41.6

A contribution to the centipede (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha, Scolopendromorpha) fauna of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan

YURII V. DYACHKOV & KHOZHIAKBAR KH. NEDOEV

Altai State University, pr. Lenina 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]

Received 4 March 2021 │ Accepted by V. Pešić: 26 March 2021 │ Published online 5 April 2021.

Abstract Cryptops doriae Pocock, 1891 and Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829 are new to the fauna of Uzbekistan, while Polyporogaster porosa (Sseliwanoff, 1881) is new to Turkmenistan. Pachymerium ferrugineum (C.L. Koch, 1835) is new to the Sirdaryo Region, while Bothriogaster signata (Kessler, 1874) is formally new to the Qashqadaryo and Sirdaryo Regions of Uzbekistan. The full lists of the chilopod species from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan are provided: 22 and 12 species, respectively.

Key words: biodiversity, fauna, new records, Central Asia.

Introduction

The first papers on centipede fauna from the territories presently known as Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan were published between 1874 and 1904 by Kessler (1874), Sseliwanoff (1879, 1881a, 1881b, 1884), Pocock (1891), Silvestri (1895), and Attems (1904). Later on, the data on the centipedes from these territories were significantly supplemented by Lignau (1929a, 1929b), Verhoeff (1930), Würmli (1975), Zalesskaja (1975, 1978), Titova (1969, 1975a, 1975b, 1978), Dobroruka (1979), Sabirova (1990), and Zalesskaja & Schileyko (1991, 1992) as well as by Dyachkov (2019).

Material and Methods

The material is deposed in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg (ZIN), the Perm State University, Perm (PSU), and in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB). The pictures have been taken using a Leica DFC490 digital camera attached to a Leica Z16 APO A stereo microscope (ZMB) or an Olympus DP74 digital camera attached to an Olympus SZX16 stereo microscope (Altai State University). The standardized terminology follows Bonato et al. (2010). Locality data are given below as on the original labels; additional information is given in square brackets. The following abbreviations are used in

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the text: ad. – adult., coll. – collector, LB – L. Berg, DF – D.M. Fedotov, MG – M.S. Ghilarov, K – Kaznakov, V – Veltishev, GY – G.G. Yakobson, NZ – N.A. Zarudniy. Geographical note. Locality data on some species were published as “Turkestan” or “Turkestan méridional” in some old papers (Sseliwanoff 1884: 106; Daday 1890: 143; Chalande & Ribaut 1909: 264). These data are probably related with present territories of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, because “Turkestan” was a historical region in Central Asia spreading from Caspian Sea to Xinjiang (China).

List of the species

Order Geophilomorpha

Family Geophilidae

Pachymerium ferrugineum (C.L. Koch, 1835) Figs 1–3.

Geophilus angustiventris Kessler 1874: 44–45, Tabl. 1: 6, 7. Geophilus ferrugineus var. angustiventris – Sseliwanoff 1881a: 4. Geophilus ferrugineus – Sseliwanoff 1884: 77–80. Geophilus (Pachymerium) ferrugineus – Attems 1904: 115. Pachymerium ferrugineum – Verhoeff 1930: 260; Sabirova 1990: 42, 45; Dyachkov 2018: 252–253, Fig. 1; 2020c: 79; Dyachkov & Tuf 2019: 26–27, Fig. 1.

Material. Uzbekistan: 1 ♀ (ZIN chilo-57), [Sirdaryo Region], Golodnaya steppe [ca. N40°25', E68°43'], 30.III.1903, coll. GY; 1 ad. (ZMB 3636), Taschkent [identified by Verhoeff].

Figures 1–3. Pachymerium ferrugineum (C.L. Koch, 1835) (ZMB 3636): 1 – microscopic slide from Karl Verhoeff’s collection; 2 – front body fragment, ventral view; 3 – rear body fragment, ventral view. Scale: 0.5 mm.

Distribution. Widely spread in Palaearctic Region, often introduced (Bonato et al. 2005; Volkova 2016; Nefediev et al. 2017). In Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Mongolia (Sabirova 1990; Dyachkov 2018, 2020c; Dyachkov & Tuf 2019). Previous records. Uzbekistan: Samarqand (Kessler 1874; Sseliwanoff 1884; Attems 1904) and Tashkent Regions (Verhoeff 1930); Turkmenistan: Mary Region (Sabirova 1990). Remarks. This species is new to the fauna of the Sirdaryo Region of Uzbekistan.

DYACHKOV & NEDOEV

Family Himantariidae

Bothriogaster signata (Kessler, 1874) Figs 4–7.

Geophilus signatus Kessler 1874: 41–44, Tabl. 1: 4, 5, 5*. Bothriogaster signatus – Sseliwanoff 1879: 621; 1881a: 21; 1881b: 230, figs 1–11; 1884: 101–102; Attems 1904: 115. Bothriogaster signata – Lignau 1929a: 162–163; Verhoeff 1930: 258–260, Abb. 18–19; Titova 1969: 165; 1978: 241; Dobroruka 1979: 164, Fig. 9; Dyachkov 2020a: 62–63, Figs 2–7; 2020c: 80–81. Bothriogaster egyptica (sic) – Titova 1978: 241; Sabirova 1990: 42, 45.

Material. Uzbekistan: 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ZIN chilo-2), [Qashqadaryo Region], [Guzar District], Guzar [City], coll. K; 1 ♀ (ZIN chilo-53), [Sirdaryo Region], Golodnaya steppe [ca. N40°25', E68°43'], 25.IV–V.1903; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZIN chilo-54), 01.IV.1903; 1 ♀ (ZIN chilo-55), 1903; 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (ZIN chilo-56), 30.III.1903, all coll. GY; 1 ♂ (PSU No. 1478), Bukhara Region [now Qashqadaryo Region], Kitob District, 9–10 km to Samarqand from Kitab [City], slope of a mountain, 1100 m, under stones, 27.VII.1942, coll. DF; 1 ♀ (ZMB 3592), [Tashkent Region], Taschkent [identified by Verhoeff]. Distribution. From the Eastern Mediterranean Region (Zapparoli 1991; Stoev 2000), through Western Asia (Zarei et al. 2020) to Central Asia (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan) (Kessler 1874; Sseliwanoff 1881; Attems 1904; Lignau 1929a; Verhoeff 1930; Dobroruka 1979; Volkova 2016; Dyachkov 2020a). Previous records. Uzbekistan: Samarqand and Tashkent Regions (Kessler 1874; Sseliwanoff 1879, 1881a, 1881b, 1884; Attems 1904; Lignau 1929a; Verhoeff 1930); “S part of Uzbekistan” (Titova 1969, 1978); Turkmenistan: Ahal Region (Lignau 1929a), “from Kushka [now Serhetabat, Mary Region, ca. N35°16', E62°19'] to Tejen [Ahal Region, ca. N37°22', E60°30'], Mary [Mary Region, N37°36', E61°50'] and Repetek [Village in the Lebap Region, N38°33'45", E63°10'38"]” (Titova 1978), “SE Karakum Desert” (Sabirova 1990). “Turkestan” (Daday 1890; Chalande & Ribaut 1909). Remarks. This species is formally new to the fauna of the Qashqadaryo and Sirdaryo Regions of Uzbekistan.

Figures 4–7. Bothriogaster signata (Kessler, 1874) (ZMB 3592): 4 – microscopic slide from Karl Verhoeff’s collection; 5 – rear body fragment, ventral view; 6 – intermediate body fragment, ventral view; 7 – front body fragment, ventral view. Scale: 1 mm.

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Polyporogaster porosa (Sseliwanoff, 1881)

Mesocanthus porosus Sseliwanoff 1881b: 231; 1884: 105–106. Mesocanthus porosus – Sseliwanoff 1881a: 25; Attems 1904: 115. Polyporogaster porosus – Silvestri 1919: 90; Lignau 1929a: 163–164, Abb. 2–3; Titova 1978: 241. Polyporogaster porosa – Bonato et al. 2016; Bragina et al. 2020: 30; Dyachkov 2020a: 63, Figs 8–13; 2020c: 81.

Material. 1 ♀ (ZIN chilo-39), Uzbekistan, [Tashkent Region], Tashkent, 22.III.; 1 ♀ (ZIN chilo-41), Turkmenistan, near Ashgabat, Bagir [Village, ca. N37°57'25", E58°11'53"], 27.IV.1927, all coll. NZ. Distribution. Central Asia: Uzbekistan (Sseliwanoff 1881a, 1881b), Tajikistan (Dyachkov 2020c), Kazakhstan (Bragina et al. 2020; Dyachkov 2020b), and Turkmenistan (new). Previous records. Uzbekistan: Tashkent Region (Sseliwanoff 1881a, 1881b, 1884); "Turkestan" (Sseliwanoff 1884; Attems 1904); "Karabulak" (Lignau 1929a). Remarks. This species was described in two papers (Sseliwanoff 1881b, 1884), but firstly mentioned by Sseliwanoff (1881a) without description. P. porosa is new to the fauna of Turkmenistan.

Family Mecistocephalidae

Krateraspis meinerti (Sseliwanoff, 1881)

Mecistocephalus meinerti Sseliwanoff 1881b: 231–232; 1884: 73–74. Mecistocephalus meinerti – Sseliwanoff 1881a: 9; 1884: 73–74; Attems 1904: 115. Tygarrup asiaticus Verhoeff 1930: 260–265, Abb. 20–21. Tygarrup asiaticus – Titova 1975a: 39. Krateraspis meinerti – Lignau 1929a: 165; 1929b: 207–210, Abb. 7–11; Titova 1965: 871; 1969: 165; 1975: 39; Dyachkov 2019: 371–372, Figs 6–10; 2020c: 79–80.

Material. Uzbekistan, [Tashkent Region]: 1 ad. (ZIN chilo-1), Chimgan, Tashkent Ravine, VII.[19]06, coll. LB; 1 ♀ (ZIN chilo-5), Vrevskaya Station, virgin soil, 26.IV.1932, coll. V; 1 ♀ (ZIN chilo-52), Tashkent, 13.III., coll. NZ. Distribution. Central Asia: Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan (Titova 1969, 1975; Dyachkov 2019, 2020c). Previous records. Uzbekistan: Tashkent Region (Sseliwanoff 1881a, 1881b, 1884; Attems 1904; Lignau 1929a, 1929b; Verhoeff 1930; Titova 1975a; Dyachkov 2019). Remarks. This species was described in two papers (Sseliwanoff 1881b, 1884), but firstly mentioned by Sseliwanoff (1881a) without description.

Order Scolopendromorpha

Family Cryptopidae

Cryptops (Cryptops) doriae Pocock, 1891 Fig. 10.

Cryptops (C.) doriae – Schileyko 2007: 86; Tran et al. 2013: 220; Dyachkov 2020b: 178–179, Figs 26–29.

Material. 1 ad. (ZIN chilo-58), Uzbekistan, [Sirdaryo Region], Golodnaya steppe [ca. N40°25', E68°43'], 1903, coll. GY. Distribution. Spread in Afrotropical, Indo-Malayan as well as Australian Regions (Attems 1930; Lewis 1999, 2013; Schileyko 2007; Schileyko & Stoev 2016; Tran et al. 2013), recently recorded from Palaearctic Region: Central Asia (Kazakhstan) (Dyachkov 2020c), Uzbekistan (new); introduced to Great Britain (Lewis 2007).

DYACHKOV & NEDOEV

Remarks. Specimen has a single saw tooth on femur of ultimate leg, tibia with 7 teeth, tarsus 1 with 4 ones (2 poorly developed). This species is new to the centipede fauna of Uzbekistan.

Family Scolopendridae

Scolopendra canidens Newport, 1844 Figs 8–9.

Scolopendra aralocaspia Kessler 1874: 33–37; Scolopendra aralocaspia – Sseliwanoff 1884: 115–116. Scolopendra aralocaspica (sic) – Attems 1904: 115. Rhadinoscytalis canidens – Lignau 1929a: 167. Scolopendra (S.) canidens – Zalesskaja & Schileyko 1991: 11, Fig. 2; 1992: 370, Figs 2–3. Scolopendra canidens – Simaiakis & Edgecombe 2013: 191; Dyachkov 2020b: 180–182, Figs 34–37; 2020c: 82–83.

Material. 1 juv. (ZIN chilo-3), Uzbekistan, [Qashqadaryo Region], [Guzar District], Guzar [City], coll. K; 2 ad. (PSU No. 1486), Bukhara Region [now Qashqadaryo Region], Kitob District, 9–10 km to Samarqand from Kitab [City], slope of a mountain, 1100 m, under stones, 27.VII.1942, coll. DF. Distribution. S Europe, N Africa, W and Central Asia (Lewis 2001, 2010; Akkari et al. 2008; Simaiakis & Mylonas 2008). In Central Asia: Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan (Zalesskaja & Schileyko 1991, 1992; Dyachkov 2020b, 2020c). Previous records. Uzbekistan: Samarqand (Kessler 1874; Sseliwanoff 1884; Attems 1904), Tashkent (Lignau 1929a) Karakalpakstan, and Qashqadaryo Regions, as well as widely distributed in eastern part of Uzbekistan (Zalesskaja & Schileyko 1992: Fig. 3). Turkmenistan: Balkan, Ahal, and Mary Regions (Zalesskaja & Schileyko 1991, 1992: Fig. 3).

Figures 8–10. Scolopendra canidens Newport, 1844 (PSU No. 1486): 8 – head, ventral view; 9 – rear body fragment and prefemora of ultimate legs, dorsal view. Cryptops doriae Pocock, 1891 (ZIN chilo-58): 10 – distal part of femur, tibia, tarsus 1 and proximal part of tarsus 2 of ultimate leg, lateral view. Abbreviations: pf – prefemur, f – femur, ti – tibia, ts1 – tarsus 1, ts2 – tarsus 2. Scale: 8, 9 – 1 mm, 10 – 0.2 mm.

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Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829 Figs 11–16.

Scolopendra (S.) cingulata – Zalesskaja & Schileyko 1991: 10–11, Fig. 1; 1992: 370, Fig. 4. Scolopendra cingulata – Simaiakis & Edgecombe 2013: 191; Dyachkov 2020c: 83.

Material. 1 ad. (PSU No. 1477), Uzbekistan, Bukhara Region [now Qashqadaryo Region], Kitob District, 9–10 km to Samarqand from Kitab [City], slope of a mountain, 1100 m, under stones, 27.VII.1942, coll. DF. Distribution. N Africa, W Asia, E, SE, SW Europe, and Central Asia (Zalesskaja & Schileyko 1991, 1992; Simaiakis & Mylonas 2008; Simaiakis & Edgecombe 2013). In Central Asia: Tajikistan (Zalesskaja & Schileyko 1991, 1992; Simaiakis & Edgecombe 2013; Dyachkov 2020с), and Uzbekistan (new); “Western regions of Central Asia” (Zalesskaja & Schileyko 1991, 1992). Remarks. This species is new to the fauna of Uzbekistan.

Figures 11–16. Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829 (PSU No. 1477): 11 – ultimate leg-bearing segment, ventral view; 12 – same, dorsal view; 13 – prefemur of left ultimate leg, dorsal view; 14 – same, ventral view; 15 – head, ventral view; 16 – anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite, ventral view. Scale: 1 mm.

Conclusions

At present the chilopod fauna of Uzbekistan is represented by 22 species in 13 genera, 8 families and 4 orders; while the fauna of Turkmenistan is represented by 12 species in 8 genera, 5 families and 3 orders. Moreover, Sabirova (1990) mentioned Bothriogaster sp., Polyporogaster sp., and Geophilus sp. from Turkmenistan.

Full lists of the species:

Uzbekistan Order Geophilomorpha Family Geophilidae

DYACHKOV & NEDOEV

1. Pachymerium ferrugineum (C.L. Koch, 1835) 2. Taschkentia parthorum (Pocock, 1891) 3. Taschkentia bucharensis Verhoeff, 1930 Family Himantariidae 4. Bothriogaster signata (Kessler, 1874) 5. Polyporogaster porosa (Sseliwanoff, 1881) 6. Polyporogaster turkestana Verhoeff, 1930 Family Mecistocephalidae 7. Arrup asiaticus (Titova, 1975) 8. Krateraspis meinerti (Sseliwanoff, 1881) Order Lithobiomorpha Family Henicopidae 9. Cermatobius kirgisicus (Zalesskaja, 1972) Family Lithobiidae 10. Bothropolys desertorum Lignau, 1929 11. Bothropolys ghilarovi Zalesskaja, 1975 12. Bothropolys lutulentus Verhoeff, 1930 13. Lithobius crassipes L. Koch, 1862 14. Lithobius krali (Dobroruka, 1979) 15. Lithobius turkestanicus Attems, 1904 Order Scutigeromorpha Family Scutigeridae 16. Scutigera asiatica Sseliwanoff, 1884 17. Thereuonema turkestana Verhoeff, 1905 Order Scolopendromorpha Family Cryptopidae 18. Cryptops doriae Pocock, 1891 19. Cryptops hortensis (Donovan, 1810) Family Scolopendridae 20. Scolopendra canidens Newport, 1844 21. Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829 22. Scolopendra mirabilis (Porat, 1876)

Turkmenistan Order Geophilomorpha Family Geophilidae 1. Geophilus lindbergi (Loksa I., 1971) 2. Pachymerium ferrugineum (C.L. Koch, 1835) Family Himantariidae 3. Bothriogaster signata (Kessler, 1874) 4. Polyporogaster geminata (Silvestri, 1895) 5. Polyporogaster porosa (Sseliwanoff, 1881) Order Lithobiomorpha Family Lithobiidae 6. Hessebius barbipes (Porat, 1893) 7. Lithobius icis Zalesskaja, 1978 8. Lithobius juniperius Zalesskaja, 1978 9. Lithobius vinciguerrae Silvestri, 1895 Order Scolopendromorpha Family Cryptopidae 10. Cryptops hortensis (Donovan, 1810) Family Scolopendridae 11. Scolopendra canidens Newport, 1844 12. Scolopendra mirabilis (Porat, 1876)

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Acknowledgments

The first author is grateful to A.A. Schileyko (Moscow, Russia) for his help with Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829, as well as I wish to thank V.A. Krivokhatsky (Saint Petersburg, Russia), G.Sh. Farzalieva (Perm, Russia), and J.A. Dunlop, F. Tillack (Berlin) for the provision of material from ZIN, PSU, and ZMB collections and for their logistic help. Thanks go to László Dányi (Budapest, Hungary) for corrections and critical commenting of the manuscript.

References

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