DOCSLIB.ORG

Enhancing Security Through a Cooperative Border Monitoring Experiment: a Proposal for India and Pakistan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

SAND 98-0505/21 Unlimited Release July 2001 Enhancing Security Through a Cooperative Border Monitoring Experiment: A Proposal for India and Pakistan Major General Mahmud Ali Durrani (Retd) Rawalpindi, Pakistan Cooperative Monitoring Center Occasional Paper/21 Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Enhancing Security Through a Cooperative Border Monitoring Experiment: A Proposal for India and Pakistan The Cooperative Monitoring Center (CMC) at Sandia National Laboratories assists political and technical experts from around the world to acquire the technology-based tools they need to assess, design, analyze, and implement nonproliferation, arms control, and other cooperative security measures. As part of its mission, the CMC sponsors research on cooperative security and the role of technology. Reports of that work are provided through the Occasional Papers series. Research is conducted by Sandia staff, international technical experts, and visiting scholars. (The CMC’s Visiting Scholars Program is administered by the Institute for Public Policy at the University of New Mexico.) For additional information on the CMC’s programs, visit the CMC home page on the World Wide Web at <http://www.cmc.sandia.gov> or write to: Cooperative Monitoring Center Sandia National Laboratories Mail Stop 1371 Albuquerque, NM 87185-1371 For specific information on this report contact: Kent Biringer at the above address. This report was prepared by Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, NM 87185 and Livermore, CA 94550 4 Enhancing Security Through a Cooperative Border Monitoring Experiment: A Proposal for India and Pakistan Enhancing Security through a Cooperative Border Monitoring Experiment: A Proposal for India and Pakistan Abstract South Asia is a recognized nuclear flash point, where India and Pakistan have a history of antagonism and habitual mistrust. For understandable reasons, the mistrust is the deepest amongst the armed forces of the two neighbors. This paper proposes a detailed cooperative border monitoring experiment, the implementation of which could help to reduce the high level of mistrust between the armed forces of India and Pakistan. If implemented, the proposal could also demonstrate systems and procedures to defuse border tensions and contain minor incidents on the border, which in the past have spun out of control. The essence of the proposal is a cooperative border monitoring experiment at three pre- selected sites. Two sites are on the Indo-Pak international border, requiring cooperative monitoring by the border security forces of both countries, while the third site is on the Line of Control (LOC) in Kashmir, requiring cooperative monitoring between the Indian and Pakistani armies. The proposed cooperative border monitoring experiment uses appropriate technologies and global experience, with the ultimate goal of moving from a relationship of confrontation to a relationship of cooperation. The proposal draws strength from successful contemporary models of cooperative monitoring around the world but has been tailored to the existing environment along the Indo-Pak border and the LOC through detailed discussions with the stakeholders in India and Pakistan. 5 Enhancing Security Through a Cooperative Border Monitoring Experiment: A Proposal for India and Pakistan Acknowledgements The idea for this study developed during my visit to Albuquerque, New Mexico, to participate in a Balusa Group Meeting sponsored by the Cooperative Monitoring Center (CMC), in March 1999, at the heels of the signing of the Lahore Declaration by the Indian Prime Minister and the then-Pakistani Prime Minister. Much has happened in South Asia since then: the Kargil conflict, the burial of the spirit of Lahore, the military takeover in Pakistan,and heightened tensions in Kashmir. As this study is on the verge of publication, events have taken a full turn; there is again a ray of hope on the horizon, with the forthcoming talks between the Indian Prime Minister and the Pakistani Chief Executive. My first acknowledgement is to the Cooperative Monitoring Center, which, as an institution, encouraged and supported me while giving me total flexibility in the design and conduct of the experiment. My special thanks go to Mr. Kent Biringer, who was the manifestation of the CMC support; his guidance and enthusiastic help were pivotal for moving the study on a fast track. Without the support of Tom Budge at the University of New Mexico, I could not have obtained all the maps that I needed. Steve Garcia helped me remake the maps to fit the design of the study. I thank Tim Crawford and Alan Runyan-Beebe at the CMC for their support in trying to educate me on the various technologies. I also thank Sally Laundre-Woerner for her help with the diagrams and slides. Mike Vannoni deserves special thanks for the very intense review and polishing of my draft in its final stages. Diane Ross also needs thanks for proofreading my draft and Americanizing the language. Logistically I would have been in the wilderness of New Mexico without the valuable support of Patricia Dickens, Nora Tankersley, and Stephanie Sustaita. I also thank those at CMC who have not been mentioned but helped me in many ways. Moving home, my gratitude goes to the Pakistan Army for its support and confidence in what I do to improve the Indo-Pak relationship. My special thanks go to General Ehsan-ul-Haq and his staff at General Headquarters (GHQ.) Ehsan has now left for happier hunting grounds. My gratitude also extends to the local commanders at the sites I visited. Without the support of GHQ I could not have done justice to this study. Moving across the border, I would like to thank Salman Haidar for his support in making it possible for me to meet with a variety of serving and retired officials in India. I thank the numerous officials and retired people I met with and discussed the project with in India. Last, but not least, I would like to thank Ambassador Shirin Tahir-Kheli at Johns Hopkins University for her encouragement, guidance, and support. 6 Enhancing Security Through a Cooperative Border Monitoring Experiment: A Proposal for India and Pakistan Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 11 1. BACKGROUND ...........................................................................................................................................13 2. CONTEMPORARY MODELS OF COOPERATIVE MONITORING ..................................................16 2.1. INTERMEDIATE-RANGE NUCLEAR FORCES (INF) TREATY....................................................................16 2.2. HUNGARY-ROMANIA “OPEN SKIES” REGIME (1991) ............................................................................17 2.3. U.S.-MEXICO BORDER MONITORING SYSTEM ......................................................................................18 2.4. THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY AND ISRAEL—AN ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATIVE MONITORING PROJECT................................................................................................................................................19 2.5. COOPERATIVE MONITORING IN THE SINAI: ISRAEL AND EGYPT............................................................20 2.5.1. Context.....................................................................................................................................20 2.5.2. Agreement to be Monitored .....................................................................................................20 2.5.3. Role of Monitoring in the Agreement.......................................................................................20 2.5.4. Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................23 3. CONCEPT AND OBJECTIVES OF THE INDIA-PAKISTAN COOPERATIVE MONITORING INITIATIVE..................................................................................................................................................23 3.1. CONCEPT...............................................................................................................................................23 3.2. PROPOSED PROJECT OBJECTIVES ..........................................................................................................24 3.3. CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION FOR BORDER MONITORING EXPERIMENT SITES.....................................24 4. INDIA-PAKISTAN BORDER TERRAIN EVALUATION AND SITE SELECTION...........................26 4.1. CATEGORIES OF BORDER ......................................................................................................................26 4.2. GEOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE BORDER ....................................................................................26 4.3. SITES SELECTED FOR BORDER MONITORING EXPERIMENT ...................................................................29 4.4. VISIT TO EXPERIMENT SITES AND INTERVIEWS .....................................................................................34 4.5. MANAGEMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL BORDER..................................................................................35 4.6. MANAGEMENT OF THE LOC..................................................................................................................39 4.7. MANAGEMENT
Recommended publications
  • 11848041 01.Pdf

    11848041 01.Pdf

    Report Organization This report consists of the following volumes: Final Report I Volume 1 : Summary Volume 2 : Main Report Volume 3 : Sector Report Final Report II Urgent Rehabilitation Projects In Final Report I, volume 1 Summary contains the outline of the results of the study. Volume 2 Main Report contains the Master Plan for rehabilitation and reconstruction in Muzaffarabad city, Pakistan. Volume 3 Sector Report contains the details of existing conditions, issues to overcome, and proposals for future reconstruction by sector. Final Report II deals with the results and outcomes on the Urgent Rehabilitation Projects which were prioritized and implemented in parallel with master plan formulation work under the supervision of JICA Study Team. The exchange rate applied in the Study is: (Pakistan Rupee) (Japanese Yen) Rs.1 = ¥1.91 (Pakistan Rupee) (US Dollar) Rs.60.30 = US$ 1 PREFACE In response to the request from the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the Government of Japan decided to conduct a Urgent Development Study on Rehabilitation and Reconstruction in Muzaffarabad City in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and entrusted the Study to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA selected and dispatched the Study Team headed by Mr. Ichiro Kobayashi of Pacet, consisted of Pacet and Nippon Koei, to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan from February 2006 to August 2006. JICA set up an Advisory Committee chaired by Dr. Kazuo Konagai from the University of Tokyo, which examined the study from the specialist and technical points of view. The Study Team held discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and conducted the Study in collaboration with the Pakistani counterparts.
  • GENDER and MILITARISATION in KASHMIR By

    GENDER and MILITARISATION in KASHMIR By

    BETWEEN DEMOCRACY AND NATION: GENDER AND MILITARISATION IN KASHMIR By Seema Kazi A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of PhD London School of Economics and Political Science The Gender Institute 2007 UMI Number: U501665 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U501665 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract This thesis focuses on the militarisation of a secessionist movement involving Kashmiri militants and Indian military forces in the north Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The term militarisation in this thesis connotes the militarised state and, more primarily, the growing influence of the military within the state that has profound implications for state and society. In contrast to conventional approaches that distinguish between inter and intra-state military conflict, this thesis analyses India’s external and domestic crises of militarisation within a single analytic frame to argue that both dimensions are not mutually exclusive but have common political origins. Kashmir, this thesis further argues, exemplifies the intersection between militarisation’s external and domestic dimensions.
  • Surface Rupture of the 2005 Kashmir, Pakistan, Earthquake and Its Active

    Surface Rupture of the 2005 Kashmir, Pakistan, Earthquake and Its Active

    Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 98, No. 2, pp. 521–557, April 2008, doi: 10.1785/0120070073 Ⓔ Surface Rupture of the 2005 Kashmir, Pakistan, Earthquake and Its Active Tectonic Implications by Heitaro Kaneda, Takashi Nakata, Hiroyuki Tsutsumi, Hisao Kondo, Nobuhiko Sugito, Yasuo Awata, Sardar S. Akhtar, Abdul Majid, Waliullah Khattak, Adnan A. Awan, Robert S. Yeats, Ahmad Hussain, Muhammad Ashraf, Steven G. Wesnousky, and Allah B. Kausar Abstract To provide a detailed record of a relatively rare thrust surface rupture and examine its active tectonic implications, we have conducted field mapping of the sur- M face rupture associated with the 2005 w 7.6 Kashmir earthquake. Despite the diffi- culty arising from massive earthquake-induced landslides along the surface rupture, we found that typical pressure ridges and warps extend northwestward for a distance of ∼70 km, with a northeast-side-up vertical separation of up to ∼7 m. Neither the main frontal thrust nor the main boundary thrust is responsible for the earthquake, but three active faults or fault segments within the Sub-Himalaya, collectively called the Balakot–Bagh fault, compose the causative fault. Although the fault exhibits sub- stantial geomorphic expression of repeated similar surface ruptures, only a part of it had been mapped as active before the earthquake. The location of the hypocenter suggests that the rupture was initiated at a deep portion of the northern–central seg- ment boundary and propagated bilaterally to eventually break all three segments. Our obtained surface rupture traces and the along-strike-slip distribution are both in good agreement with results of prompt analyses of satellite images, indicating that space geodesy can greatly aid in time-consuming field mapping of surface ruptures.
  • End of Lockdown: Restaurants, Sports, Tourism Opened

    End of Lockdown: Restaurants, Sports, Tourism Opened

    Soon From LAHORE & KARACHI A sister publication of CENTRELINE & DNA News Agency www.islamabadpost.com.pk ISLAMABAD EDITION IslamabadFriday, August 07, 2020 Pakistan’s First AndP Only DiplomaticO Daily STPrice Rs. 20 End of lockdown: Kashmir is an Japan provides Restaurants, sports, international grant for tourism opened: Asad dispute: FO scholarships End of lockdown: restaurants, sports, tourism opened Sports and games would be allowed to resume but without spectators; decision to reopen educational institutes on Sept 15 would be done on Sept 7 lishments will reopen on Monday, August magazines and newspapers are prais- A.M.BhAtti 10.” However, the restrictions on passen- ing Pakistan and listing us among the gers in train and airplanes were to contin- countries that dealt best [with the pan- ISLAMABAD: Planning and Develop- ue until September. “Passengers will be demic],” he stressed. Speaking of the ISLAMABAD: Group photo of President Arif Alvi with foreign Ambassadors ment Minister Asad Umar said Thursday able to travel on the airplanes in a nor- ‘smart lockdown’ and claims the world at Parliament House. – DNA dine-in restaurants and beauty salons mal manner from October 1,” Umar said. was learning from Pakistan, he said: would reopen across Pakistan on August “The situation was brought under control “Just today, I was reading a printed ar- 10 as the efforts against the coronavirus with the cooperation of the people. ticle in an international magazine that Azerbaijan pandemic seem to bear fruit. Umar add- The move to reopen the country came advised the Philippines to look at Paki- ed that a review on the decision to reo- following a meeting of the National stan if it wants to learn.
  • Hydel Power Potential of Pakistan 15

    Hydel Power Potential of Pakistan 15

    Foreword God has blessed Pakistan with a tremendous hydel potential of more than 40,000 MW. However, only 15% of the hydroelectric potential has been harnessed so far. The remaining untapped potential, if properly exploited, can effectively meet Pakistan’s ever-increasing demand for electricity in a cost-effective way. To exploit Pakistan’s hydel resource productively, huge investments are necessary, which our economy cannot afford except at the expense of social sector spending. Considering the limitations and financial constraints of the public sector, the Government of Pakistan announced its “Policy for Power Generation Projects 2002” package for attracting overseas investment, and to facilitate tapping the domestic capital market to raise local financing for power projects. The main characteristics of this package are internationally competitive terms, an attractive framework for domestic investors, simplification of procedures, and steps to create and encourage a domestic corporate debt securities market. In order to facilitate prospective investors, the Private Power & Infrastructure Board has prepared a report titled “Pakistan Hydel Power Potential”, which provides comprehensive information on hydel projects in Pakistan. The report covers projects merely identified, projects with feasibility studies completed or in progress, projects under implementation by the public sector or the private sector, and projects in operation. Today, Pakistan offers a secure, politically stable investment environment which is moving towards deregulation
  • Azad Kashmir

    Azad Kashmir

    Azad Kashmir The home of British Kashmiris Waving flags of their countries of origin by some members of diaspora (overseas) communities in public space is one of the most common and visible expressions of their ‘other’ or ‘homeland’ identity or identities. In Britain, the South Asian diaspora communities are usually perceived as Indian, Pakistani, (since 1971) Bangladeshis and Sri Lankans. However, there is another flag that is sometimes sighted on such public gatherings as Eid festivals, Pakistani/Indian Cricket Matches or political protests across Britain. 1 This is the official flag of the government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. 'Azad Kashmir' is a part of the divided state of Jammu Kashmir. Its future is yet to be determined along with rest of the state. As explained below in detail, Azad Kashmir is administered by Pakistan but it is not part of Pakistan like Punjab, Sindh, Pakhtoon Khuwa and Baluchistan. However, as a result of the invasion of India and Pakistan to capture Kashmir in October 1947 and the subsequent involvement of United Nations, Pakistan is responsible for the development and service provision including passports for the people of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan, another part of Kashmir that is not part of, but is controlled by, Pakistan. Under the same UN resolutions India is responsible for the Indian controlled part of Kashmir. In all parts of the divided Kashmir there are political movements of different intensity striving for greater rights and autonomy, self-rule and/or independence. The focus of this chapter, however, is primarily on Azad Kashmir, the home of nearly a million strong British Kashmiri community.
  • Know Your Terrain Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK)

    Know Your Terrain Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK)

    SCHOLAR WARRIOR Know your Terrain Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK) ROHIT SINGH General The state of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) consists of three major regions namely Ladakh, Kashmir Valley and Jammu. The Princely state of J&K acceded to India in October 1947. On 26 October 1947 the first batch of Indian troops landed at Badgam airfield in Srinagar to evict the Pakistani invaders from J&K. By August 1948, the invaders were evicted from most parts of the valley and Jammu region. However by the time the UN effected ceasefire came into being in 1948, Pakistan had held on to 78037 sq km of territory which is now called Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK). In addition 5120 sq km of territory called the Shaksgam Valley was illegally ceded to China by Pakistan in 1963. POK lies between longitude 730 – 750 and latitude 330 – 360 and comprises an area of 13,297 square kilometres). The topography of the area is mainly hilly and mountainous with valleys and stretches of plains. The area is full of natural beauty with thick forest, fast flowing rivers and winding streams. Main rivers are the Jehlum, Neelum and Poonch. The climate is sub-tropical highland type with an average yearly rainfall of 1300 mm. The elevation ranges from 360 meters in the South to 6325 meters in the North. The area under cultivation is around SCHOLAR WARRIOR ä SPRING 2011 ä 65 SCHOLAR WARRIOR 166,432 hectares (almost 13% of the total area), out of which 92% of the cultivable area is rain-fed. Administrative Divisions and Districts Azad Kashmir (POK) is divided into three divisions (Muzaffarabad, Mirpur & Poonch) and ten administrative districts with Muzaffarabad as the capital of the state.
  • Back to the Basics in Indo-Pak Puzzle

    Back to the Basics in Indo-Pak Puzzle

    ISAS Insights No. 232 – 14 October 2013 469A Bukit Timah Road #07-01, Tower Block, Singapore 259770 Tel: 6516 6179 / 6516 4239 Fax: 6776 7505 / 6314 5447 Email: [email protected] Website: www.isas.nus.edu.sg Back to the Basics in Indo-Pak Puzzle 1 P S Suryanarayana Abstract The issue of inviolability of the India-Pakistan Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir is once again in prime focus – this time, in the context of the latest meeting between the Prime Ministers of these two South Asian neighbours. While not being entirely clouded by the Indian media discourse on a ‘Second Kargil’, the new India-Pakistan move for peace and tranquillity along the LOC requires much sunshine diplomacy from both the civil and military officials of the two sides. Much ‘Ado’ about ‘Second Kargil’ Sino-Indian relationship and Indo-Pakistan engagement has often come under intense pressure from the foreign-policy ‘hawks’ of various hues in India. Significant in this context is the latest Indian domestic discourse on the so-called ‘Second Kargil’ – a new wave of clandestine ‘Pakistani infiltration’ into India across the Line of Control (LOC) in Jammu and Kashmir. The Pakistani authorities have by and large stayed away from the politics of this controversy. Interestingly, however, this discourse has been strongly discounted by some ‘informed’ authorities in India itself, on the basis that the latest non-intensive wave of ‘Pakistani infiltration’ could not be accurately described as ‘Second Kargil’. 1 Mr P S Suryanarayana is Editor (Current Affairs) at the Institute of South Asian Studies (ISAS), an autonomous research institute at the National University of Singapore.
  • Loc Trade for Peace Fellow of CLAWS, Focussing on Conflict and Security in Syria and Transnational Jihad

    Loc Trade for Peace Fellow of CLAWS, Focussing on Conflict and Security in Syria and Transnational Jihad

    CENTRE FOR LAND WARFARE STUDIES D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N IE E S C CLAWS VI CT N OR ISIO Y THROUGH V ISSUE BRIEF No. 68 January 2015 Shweta Desai is an former Associate LoC Trade for Peace Fellow of CLAWS, focussing on conflict and security in Syria and transnational Jihad. She traveled to Kashmir as a part of a field research trip. A decade after the line of control between Indian Key Points administered and Pakistan controlled Kashmir was thrown open for people—to-people contact, the trade route that followed, is emerging as the new 1. In 2008, India and Pakistan extended confidence narcotics smuggling route. Challenges imposed by building measure, paving way for cross-border infrastructure and logistics and its exploitation by trade in the Kashmir valley. traffickers, if not addressed, will risk losing the hard 2. The initial bonhomie, that helped in providing earned trust and unwind the peace initiative. economic opportunities for the locals, did not stay *This report is based on a field visit to Kaman for too long as the tentacles of militancy in the post located between Uri and Muzaffarabad conflict zone creeped in soon. and provides an overview of the LoC trade from 3. From narcotics smuggling to illegal cash transfers this point. The author has excluded the second for funding militant groups, the trade route trade route of Poonch- Rawalakote at Chakkan- has emerged as a new road for exploitation by da-Bagh, which is the second operational trade traffickers, undermining the very essence of this point in the J&K state.
  • Statistical Year Book

    Statistical Year Book

    AZAD GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF JAMMU & KASHMIR STATISTICAL YEAR BOOK 2018 AJ&K BUREAU OF STATISTICS PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT AZAD GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF JAMMU & KASHMIR STATISTICAL YEAR BOOK 2018 AJ&K BUREAU OF STATISTICS PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Azad Jammu & Kashmir Statistical Year Book 2018 Tables of Contents S.# Titles Page # 01 Foreword i 02 Acknowledgment ii 03 List of Acronyms iii-iv 04 List of Tables v-xii 05 List of Graphs xiii 06 Conversion Factors xiv 07 Introduction 1-10 08 Agriculture, Livestock & Food 11-20 09 Banking & Financial Institutions 21-22 10 Climate & EPA 23-26 11 Education, Deeni Madaris & Mosques 27-52 12 Forests, Wildlife & Fisheries 53-58 Governance, Employment In Public Sector, PSC Recommendation & 13 59-66 Registered Engineers 14 Health Services 67-76 15 Industries, Sericulture & TEVTA 77-82 16 Information Technology 83-84 Judiciary, (Supreme Court, High Court, Session Court, District & Session 17 Court, Additional District & Session Court, Senior Civil Court, Civil Court, 85-98 Service Tribunal & Anticorruption) 18 Labour Force & PSLM Surveys 99-102 19 Local Government & Rural Development 103-106 20 Piped Water Supply 107-108 21 Population & Marriages 109-116 22 Power 117-112 23 Police Administration, Crimes, Jails & Prisoners 123-126 24 Recurrent and Development Outlays 127-136 25 Roads Communication and Roads Accident 137-140 26 SERRA, Civil Defense & Rescue 1122 141-148 27 SOCIAL Welfare, AJKRSP & BISP 149-152 28 Tourism 153-154 29 Transport 155-158 30 Zakat and Usher 159-162 Miscellaneous (Refugees & Rehabilitation, Trade & Travel Authority, 31 163-168 Telecom & Media, Overseas and Sports) Bureau of Statistics, P&DD, Azad Govt.
  • Islam Provides Panacea for All Problems

    Islam Provides Panacea for All Problems

    Soon From LAHORE & KARACHI A sister publication of CENTRELINE & DNA News Agency www.islamabadpost.com.pk ISLAMABAD EDITION IslamabadThursday, August 26, 2021 Pakistan’s First AndP Only DiplomaticO Daily STPrice Rs. 20 President Arif Alvi Talks with Pakistan-Iran lauds Pakistan Army’s Taliban must desire peace services for Pakistan continue in Afghanistan Detailed News On Page-01 Detailed News On Page-07 Detailed News On Page-08 Briefs Islam provides Free media priority, panacea for says Fawad ZuBAiR AhMeD all problems ISLAMABAD: Minister for Information and Broad- The Prime Minister Imran Khan blames casting Chaudhary rise of sex crimes on the negative Fawad Hus- side of the use of mobile phones sain has said the government firmly be- lieves in the fundamental and PM displeased democratic right of freedom of expression. Extending his felicitation to the newly elect- with police ed office bearers of Islama- bad Union of Journalists, he perforamnce said an independent and vi- brant media is imperative for ABiD RAZA a strong democracy and pro- motion of democratic norms. LAHORE: Prime Minister Imran Khan The Information Minister while expressing displeasure over delay DUSHANBE: Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi in a meeting with President of in police respones on Minar-e-Pakistan Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon. – DNA expressed the confidence BuReAu RepoRt that the newly elected office incident on Independence Day has di- bearers of the Journalists’ un- LAHORE: Prime Minister Imran Khan on rected the Inspector General of Police ion will fully play their role for Wednesday said it “pained” him to see the (IGP), Punjab to take immediate steps to prevent such incidents.
  • CROSS-LINE of CONTROL TRADE: PROBLEMS and PROSPECTS Sajad A

    CROSS-LINE of CONTROL TRADE: PROBLEMS and PROSPECTS Sajad A

    J. S. Asian Stud. 03 (01) 2015. 37-48 Available Online at ESci Journals Journal of South Asian Studies ISSN: 2307-4000 (Online), 2308-7846 (Print) http://www.escijournals.net/JSAS CROSS-LINE OF CONTROL TRADE: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS Sajad A. Padder* Department of Political Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India. A B S T R A C T The India-Pakistan dispute over Kashmir is one of the most intractable disputes in the contemporary world. Generally, both countries have pursued policies that revolved around their concerns about territoriality and sovereignty over Kashmir. However, in the last decade or so particularly after the revival of Composite Dialogue process in 2004, both countries are moving slowly from the state-centric to a people-centric approach by encouraging movement of people, goods and ideas across the heavily militarized Line of Control (LOC). One significant development in recent years has been the beginning of Cross-LoC trade in October 2008. It was 65 years ago in 1947 that trade across LoC had stopped. This paper deals with the nitty-gritty of Cross-LoC trade. It examines how business entities and individuals in the state view trade transactions with the other side and perceptions about the economic viability of Cross-LoC trade. It also investigates into the problems and prospects of conducting this duty free trade. Cross-LoC travel and trade has the potential to create transformational spaces which will help ease tensions over Kashmir and bring in the people of state to the centre stage in addressing the Kashmir issue. Keywords: Kashmir Conflict, India-Pakistan Relations, Peace, Cross-LoC Trade, Confidence Building Measures.