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Eksploitasi Sempadan Jurang Sebagai Usaha Pariwisata Di Desa

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Eksploitasi Sempadan Jurang Sebagai Usaha Pariwisata Di Desa Jurnal Destinasi Pariwisata p-ISSN: 2338-8811, e-ISSN: 2548-8937 Vol. 7 No 1, 2019 Eksploitasi Sempadan Jurang Sebagai Usaha Pariwisata Di Desa Pecatu Kecamatan Kuta Selatan Kabupaten Badung I Wayan Merta Yasa a, 1 I Nyoman Sunarta a2 1 [email protected], [email protected] a Program Studi Sarjana Destinasi Pariwisata, Fakultas Pariwisata, Universitas Udayana, Jl. Dr. R. Goris, Denpasar, Bali 80232 Indonesia ABSTRACT This research was carried out because there were problems regarding the exploitation of tourism business development in the cliff border area in Pecatu Village, South Kuta District, Badung Regency. Exploitation that occurs like tourism business development. The tourism business is like accommodation and restaurants. So researchers are interested in researching on the topic. The research method used is qualitative analysis, with interview, observation and documentation techniques. Theories and concepts used are functional theories and concepts of exploitation, tourism policies, borderline cliffs and tourism businesses. The results of the study show that there are 157 tourism business buildings in Pecatu Village, and some of them are recorded using cliff borders. As for the dominant tourism business using a cliff border, namely hotel and restaurant accommodation businesses. From the violation, the government of Pecatu Village and Badung Regency Government gave a policy in the form of awig-awig and written regulations to regulate these violations. The conclusions in this study were the violation of tourism business development in Pecatu Village which uses a cliff border area. Massive businesses are being built in hotel and restaurant accommodation businesses. so that from this case the government of Pecatu Village and the Badung Regency Government issued a policy to regulate these violations so as not to occur again. Researchers suggest that they need to be given strict sanctions against offenders, or direct demolition by the Desa Adat, because the Desa Adat in Bali is feared by investors. Keywords: exploitation, exploitation of cliff border, tourism policy Pesatnya pengembangan pariwisata di I. PENDAHULUAN Desa Pecatu, sehingga membutuhkan usaha- Pulau Bali adalah pulau tropis yang usaha pariwisata untuk mendukung kebutuhan memiliki pesona alam yang menakjubkan, dan para wisatawan. Kebutuhan wisatawan merupakan destinasi wisata unggulan di tersebut seperti, akomodasi perhotelan dan Indonesia. Sektor utama pendapatan Bali yaitu makanan minuman (restoran), sehingga dari terletak pada sektor pariwisatanya, karena adanya usaha pariwisata pendukung tersebut, banyak wisatawan yang berlibur ke Bali untuk wisatawan dapat merasakan kenyamanan saat menikmati alam dan seni budaya Bali yang berwisata ke daya tarik wisata yang terdapat di dikemas dalam sektor pariwisata itu sendiri. Desa Pecatu. Desa Pecatu merupakan salah satu desa Masifnya pembangunan usaha-usaha yang berada di Bali, tepatnya di Kecamatan pariwisata di Desa Pecatu mengakibatkan Kuta Selatan, Kabupaten Badung, yang telah kerusakan lingkungan karena terjadinya alih mengembangkan sektor pariwisatanya. Desa fungsi lahan. Usaha-usaha pariwisata yang Pecatu memiliki potensi alam berupa pantai- dominan dibangun di Desa Pecatu yaitu pantai yang indah dan memiliki keunikannya akomodasi perhotelan dan jasa makanan dan tersendiri. Adapun pantai-pantai tersebut yaitu minuman seperti restoran. Sehingga lahan Pantai Dreamland, Pantai Bingin, Pantai kosong di Desa Pecatu semakin menipis dari Padang-Padang, Pantai Labuan Sait, Pantai adanya pembangunan-pembangunan tersebut. Suluban dan Pantai Nyang-Nyang. Tidak hanya Menipisnya lahan di Desa Pecatu, itu, Desa Pecatu juga memiliki satu ikon sehingga membuat investor melirik kawasan parwisata budaya yaitu Kawasan Luar Pura tebing/jurang di Desa Pecatu, karena jurang- Uluwatu, dibalik fungsinya sebagai tempat jurang yang terdapat di Desa Pecatu berbatasan peribadatan umat Hindu, Pura Uluwatu juga langsung dengan pantai-pantai yang ada di dikembangkan sebagai daya tarik wisata yang Desa Pecatu, sehingga dari jurang-jurang setiap harinya mampu mendatangkan banyak tersebut dapat terlihat langsung pemandangan wisatawan. pantai yang indah serta dapat dilihat selama 24 jam. Kemudian dibangunlah usaha-usaha 118 Jurnal Destinasi Pariwisata p-ISSN: 2338-8811, e-ISSN: 2548-8937 Vol. 7 No 1, 2019 pariwisata di kawasan sempadan jurang 2.2 Tinjaun Teori dan Konsep tersebut karena memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi Penelitian ini menggunakan teori dan terhadap para wisatawan. konsep-konsep diantaranya Teori Fungsional Peraturan yang mengatur dari Malinowski dalam Pujani, dkk (2017), guna pembangunan usaha-usaha pariwisata untuk menganalisis perubahan fungsi yang khususnya di Kabupaten Badung telah termuat terjadi di Desa Pecatu, khusunya kawasan dalam Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Badung jurang yang di jadikan sebagai tempat Nomor 26 Tahun 2013 tentang Rencana Tata berdirinya usaha-usaha pariwisata. Selanjutnya Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Badung Tahun 2013- Konsep Kebijakan (Frederick dalam Nawawi, 2033, yang didalam peraturan tersebut 2009), guna untuk menganalisis kebijakan yang menyatakan bahwa tidak boleh membangun berlaku untuk mengatur pembangunan pada area jurang atau sempadan jurang, akan kawasan sempadan jurang yang dikeluarkan tetapi pada realitanya pembangunan- oleh pemerintah. Selanjutnya Konsep pembangunan usaha pariwista di sempadan Eksploitasi (Pasal 33 ayat 3 UUD Tahun 1945) jurang di Desa Pecatu terus terjadi. guna untuk menganalisis eksploitasi yang Pembangunan usaha pariwisata secara terjadi khususnya bentuk eksploitasi kawasan berlebihan atau mengeksploitasi kawasan sempadan jurang di Desa Pecatu. sempadan jurang di Desa Pecatu tentunya akan berdampak buruk terhadap lingkungan atau III. METODE PENELITIAN alam disekitarnya. Sehingga perlu adanya Sumber data yang digunakan dalam kebijakan dan ketegasan dari pemerintah untuk penelitian ini terdiri dari data primer dan data menjaga dan melestarikan lingkungan sekunder, adapun data primernya yaitu data khususnya kawasan sempadan jurang di Desa yang didapatkan langsung dari pengamatan Pecatu. peneliti mengenai praktik eksploitasi sempadan Permasalahan yang terjadi tersebut, jurang sebagai akomodasi pariwisata dan mengakibatkan peneliti menjadi tertarik untuk kebijakan pemerintah terhadap eksploitasi menjadikan topik ini sebagai judul penelitian, sempadan jurang sebagai akomodasi pariwisata yaitu “Eksploitasi Sempadan Jurang sebagai di Desa Pecatu, sedangkan data sekundernya Usaha Pariwisata di Desa Pecatu, Kecamatan adalah profil Desa Pecatu dan data usaha Kuta Selatan, Kabupaten Badung”, dimana pariwisata di Desa Pecatu. peneliti akan menganalisis mengenai Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan Bagaimana praktik eksploitasi sempadan jurang melakukan observasi, wawancara dan studi sebagai usaha pariwisata di Desa Pecatu dan kepustakaan. Observasi saat penelitian ini menganalisis Bagaimana kebijakan pemerintah untuk mengamati secara langsung gambaran terhadap eksploitasi sempadan jurang di Desa umum serta praktik eksploitasi sempadan Pecatu. Sehingga hasil penelitian ini diharapkan jurang sebagai usaha pariwisata dan kebijakan dapat memberikan sumbangan pemikiran pemerintah terhadap eksploitasi sempadan terhadap pihak pemerintah dan stakeholder jurang sebagai usaha pariwisata di Desa Pecatu pariwisata agar dapat melaksanakan peraturan salain itu dilakukan wawancara indepth dengan baik, dan alam di Pecatu dapat terjaga interview guna untuk mendapatkan informasi kelestariannya. yang lebih mendalam mengenai fokus penelitiaan yaitu praktik eksploitasi sempadan II. KEPUSTAKAAN jurang sebagai usaha pariwisata dan kebijakan 2.1 Tinjauan Penelitian sebelumnya pemerintah terhadap eksploitasi sempadan Penelitian yang terkait focus penelitian jurang sebagai usaha pariwisata di Desa Pecatu. yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Muliarsi, Serta dilakukan studi kepustakaan dalam dkk tahun 2015, dengan judul “Penerapan menambah wawasan peneliti terkait usaha Perda Tata Ruang Kabupaten Bangli terkait pariwisata dan kebijakan pemerintah terhadap Ketentuan Sempadan Jurang di Sepanjang Jalan eksploitasi sempadan jurang sebagai usaha Raya Penelokan Kintamani”, yang memiliki pariwisata di Desa Pecatu. kesamaan yaitu mengenai kebijakan, serta Analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu memiliki perbedaan mengenai lokasi penelitian. analisis kualitatif (Sugiyono, 2014), kemudian dengan melaksanakan tahapan-tahapan seperti 119 Jurnal Destinasi Pariwisata p-ISSN: 2338-8811, e-ISSN: 2548-8937 Vol. 7 No 1, 2019 pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian memenuhi kebutuhan dari wisatawan. data, dan verifikasi. Selanjutnya akan dijelaskan potensi alam dan potensi budaya di Desa Pecatu yaitu sebagai IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN berikut. 4.1 Gambaran Umum Desa Pecatu Desa Adat Pecatu terletak diujung 4.2.1. Potensi Alam selatan Pulau Bali yang lebih tepatnya pada Potensi alam Desa Pecatu terletak pada Kecamatan Kuta Selatan, Kabupaten Badung pantai diantaranya yaitu Pantai Dreamland, yang wilayahnya cukup luas mencapai 2.685,17 Pantai Bingin, Pantai Padang-Padang, Pantai Ha dan memiliki jumlah penduduk yang besar Labuan Sait, Pantai Suluban dan Pantai Nyang- sekitar 7900 jiwa. Ketinggian tanah Desa Pecatu Nyang yang dimana terdapat jurang atau tebing yaitu 175 meter dari permukaan air laut. Secara yang mengelilingi panti-pantai tersebut yang geografis Desa Pecatu memiliki batas-batas kini beberapa telah didirikan berbagai usaha wilayah adalah sebagai berikut: pariwisata karena memiliki view yang langsung 1. Sebelah
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