DOCSLIB.ORG

Plug-In HEV Vehicle Design Options and Expectations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plug-In HEV Vehicle Design Options and Expectations Plug-In HEV Vehicle Design Options and Expectations ZEV Technology Symposium California Air Resources Board Sacramento, CA September 27, 2006 Tony Markel National Renewable Energy Laboratory With support from FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy NREL/PR-540-40630 Key Messages • There are many ways to design a PHEV … — the best design depends on your objective • PHEVs provide potential for petroleum displacement through fuel flexibility — what are the cost and emissions tradeoffs • PHEV design space has many dimensions — simulation being used for detailed exploration • Simulations using real-world travel data provides early glimpse into in-use operation 2 PHEV Stakeholder Objectives Consumers US Gov./DOE Affordable California Gov. Reduced petroleum use Fun to drive Reduced air pollution Functional Auto Manufacturer Electric Utility Sell cars Sell electricity 3 A Plug-In Hybrid-Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Fuel Flexibility BATTERY RECHARGE REGENERATIVE BRAKING PETROLEUM AND/OR ELECTRICITY ELECTRIC ACCESSORIES ADVANCED ENGINE ENGINE IDLE-OFF ENGINE DOWNSIZING 4 Some PHEV Definitions Charge-Depleting (CD) Mode: An operating mode in which the energy storage SOC may fluctuate but on-average decreases while driving Charge-Sustaining (CS) Mode: An operating mode in which the energy storage SOC may fluctuate but on-average is maintained at a certain level while driving All-Electric Range (AER): After a full recharge, the total miles driven electrically (engine-off) before the engine turns on for the first time. Electric Vehicle Miles (EVM): After a full recharge, the cumulative miles driven electrically (engine-off) before the vehicle reaches charge-sustaining mode. Charge-Depleting Range (CDR): After a full recharge, the total miles driven before the vehicle reaches charge-sustaining mode. Blended Strategy: A charge-depleting operating strategy in which the engine is used to supplement battery/motor power. PHEV20: A PHEV with useable energy storage equivalent to 20 miles of driving energy on a reference driving cycle. A PHEV20 can displace petroleum energy equivalent to 20 miles of driving on the reference cycle with off-board electricity. NOTE: PHEV20 does not imply that the vehicle will achieve 20 miles of AER, EVM or CDR on the reference cycle nor any other driving cycle. Operating characteristics also depend on the power ratings of components, the powertrain control strategy and the nature of the driving cycle 5 Battery Definition as Key Input to Simulation Input parameters that define the battery in BLUE mass compounding Benefit of PHEV range plugging-in kWh/mi kWh usable (from simulation) SOC window kWh total Total MPG Benefit P/E ratio kWmotor Benefit of DOH Performance hybridization constraints kWengine DOH = degree of hybridization 6 Batteries in Current PHEVs NiMH Varta Electro Energy Inc. Li-Ion Co/Ni based Johnson Controls/SAFT Kokam Valence Technology based Li-Ion A123 Systems 7 Iron phosphate Battery SOC Design Window In setting requirements, we must have realistic expectations for battery SOC design window because of the impacts on total battery size and life. SOC design window is a key kWh kWh = useable factor in battery sizing: total SOC window Battery SOC swing is a strong Battery cycle life is a strong function of driving habits: function of SOC swing: Daily Mileage Probability Distribution 25% 20% 15% 10% Probability (%) 5% 0% 0 102030405060708090100 Daily mileage (<= mi) 8 Battery SOC Design Window Battery SOC design curve for 15 year cycle life 100% 90% 80% Average daily SOC 70% swing based on daily Design SOC window mileage distribution 60% based on PHEVx 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Daily mileage probability distribution 0% 0 102030405060 Daily Mileage / PHEVx 9 Operating Strategy Options All-Electric or Blended All-Electric 70 100% engine • Engine turns on when battery 60 motor 90% SOC reaches low state of charge 50 80% • Requires high power battery and 40 70% 30 60% motor 20 50% SOC (%) SOC Power (kW) 10 40% 0 30% -10 20% Blended -20 10% 70 100% engine -30 0% 60 motor 90% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 SOC 50 80% Distance (mi) 40 70% 30 60% 20 50% • Engine turns on when power (%) SOC Power (kW) 10 40% exceeds battery power capability 0 30% • Engine only provides load that -10 20% exceeds battery power capability -20 10% -30 0% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Distance (mi) 10 Real Driving Survey Data • Provides valuable insight into travel behavior • GPS augmented surveys supply details needed for vehicle simulation 11 7 6 St. Louis HHTS Data 5 4 3 St. Louis Travel Data Analysis Frequency (%) Daily Driving Distance Similar to 1995 NPTS Data 2 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 ~29 mi Frequency (%) 28 Cumulative Freq. (%) • St. Louis data30 set includes 227 vehicles from 147 households 32 34 100 Daily 36Travel Distance (miles) • Complete second38 by second 40 42 90 44 • 8650 miles of travel 46 48 80 50 12 52 54 • St. Louis data set is a small 56sample of real data 70 58 60 10 62 60 • NPTS data is generated from mileage64 estimates 66 68 50 12 70 72 8 74 76 40 78 80 82 30 1995 NPTS Data 84 6 86 88 20 Frequency (%) 90 92 94 Cumulative Frequency4 (%) 96 10 98 100 0 2 0 0 0-5 driving profile for one5-10 day 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 ~33 mi 30-35 35-40 100 Daily Distance40-45 (mi) 45-50 90 50-55 80 55-60 70 60-65 60 65-70 50 70-75 75-80 40 80-85 30 85-90 20 90-95 10 95-100 0 Cummulative Frequency (%) Consumption Distribution Many PHEVs Better than Rated Values Conventional Hybrid 40 40 City/Highway Composite 30 City/Highway 30 39.2 mpg (6.0 L/100km) Composite 26 mpg (9.05 L/100km) US06 33.2 mpg (7.1 L/100km) 20 US06 20 24.6 mpg (9.55 L/100km) Real-world 10 Real-world 10 Percentage of Fleet (%) Fleet of Percentage (%) Fleet of Percentage 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 Fuel Consumption (L/100km) Fuel Consumption (L/100km) PHEV20 PHEV40 40 40 City/Highway City/Highway Composite Composite 54 mpg (4.35 L/100km) 30 30 67.4 mpg (3.49 L/100km) US06 US06 20 39.6 mpg (5.94 L/100km) 20 51.5 mpg (4.57 L/100km) Real-world Real-world 10 10 Percentage of Fleet (%) Fleet of Percentage (%) Fleet of Percentage 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 Fuel Consumption (L/100km) Fuel Consumption (L/100km) 13 “Fleet” results are based on simulations of 227 vehicle driving profiles from St. Louis metropolitan area. PHEVs Reduce Fuel Consumption By >50% On Real-World Driving Cycles 227 vehicles from St. Louis each modeled as a conventional, hybrid and PHEV 40 400 Conventional Average Daily Costs Hybrid 26 mpg 35 350 Gas. Elec. ¢/mi PHEV20 PHEV40 CV $3.45 --- 9.1 30 300 HEV $2.48 --- 6.5 37 mpg 25 • 8647 total miles driven 250 PHEV20 $1.58 $0.48 5.4 • 100% replacement of sample fleet PHEV40 $1.21 $0.72 5.1 20 58 mpg & 200 140 Wh/mi Assumes $2.41/gal and 9¢/kWh 15 150 10 100 PHEVs: 76 mpg & >40% reduction in energy costs 5 211 Wh/mi 50 Cumulative Fuel Consumed (gallons) Consumed Fuel Cumulative Percentage of Vehicle Fleet In Use (%) Use In Fleet of Vehicle Percentage >$500 annual savings 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time of Day (hr) 14 Simulated In-Use All-Electric Range Distribution PHEV20 PHEV40 30 40 35 25 30 20 25 15 20 15 10 Percentage of Fleet (%) Percentage of Fleet (%) 10 5 5 0 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 All Electric Range (mi) All Electric Range (mi) • Vehicles were designed to operate all electrically on UDDS • Power demands of real profiles exceed UDDS peak power within the first few miles 15 Fuel Economy and All-Electric Range Comparison • Significant difference between rated (EPA drive cycles) and real-world median values for PHEVs — Consumers likely to observe fuel economy higher than rated value in daily driving — Vehicles designed with all-electric range likely to operate in a blended mode to meet driver demands Fuel Economy (mpg) ** All Electric Range (mi) Rated Median Rated Median Conventional 26 24.4 n/a n/a HEV 39.2 35.8 n/a n/a PHEV20 54 70.2 22.3 5.6 PHEV40 67.4 133.6 35.8 3.8 ** Fuel economy values do not include electrical energy consumption 16 PHEV20 Savings Relative to Conventional and HEV • Savings relative to conventional are almost entirely distance dependent • Savings relative to HEV are distance dependent up to PHEV distance then constant 17 Deep Dive into Real-World PHEV Simulations Most Savings Least Savings Insights: The PHEV20s that saved the most fuel relative to an HEV travel ~25 miles with speeds under 60 mph and light accelerations The PHEV20s that saved the least fuel relative to the HEV in the 20-30 mile range had periods of 60+ mph highway driving and the accelerations were significantly more aggressive 18 Summary and Conclusions • PHEVs provide petroleum displacement through fuel flexibility • Design needs to consider a spectrum of stakeholder objectives • Analysis of real-world travel behavior provides perspective on design challenges — Vehicles designed as all-electric likely to operate as blended — What’s emissions impact of real-world blended operation • In-use petroleum displacement not tied to all-electric range — Consider energy equivalent all-electric range • PHEV benefit is strongly related to distance and aggressiveness of real-world usage 19.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research Paper Inter-Industry Innovations in Terms of Electric Mobility: Should Firms Take a Look Outside Their Industry?
    Inter-industry innovations in terms of electric mobility: Should firms take a look outside their industry? Research Paper Inter-industry innovations in terms of electric mobility: Should firms take a look outside their industry? Stephan von Delft* * University of Münster, Institute of Business Administration at the Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Leonardo-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany, [email protected] The beginning electrification of the automotive powertrain is supposed to have a major impact on the automobile value chain - reshaping it significantly and brin- ging up new alliances, business models and knowledge bases. Such a transforma- tion of the value chain might fade boundaries between hitherto distinct knowled- ge bases, technologies, or industries. Over the past decades, the blurring of indus- try boundaries – the phenomenon of industry convergence – has gained attenti- on from researchers and practitioners. The anticipation of a convergence process plays an important role for strategic and innovation management decisions, e.g. for new business development, mergers and acquisitions or strategic partnerships. However, despite the relevance of convergence, it is often challenging for incum- bent firms to (1) foresee such a transformation of their environment, and (2) res- pond strategically to it. Hence, this study presents a tool to anticipate convergen- ce and strategic implications are discussed. 1 Introduction stitute rules of conducting business” (Hacklin et al., 2009, p. 723). Firms facing such a situation, thus Technological change is known as a key driver have to adapt to new knowledge bases and new of economic growth and prosperity (Schumpeter, technologies which do not belong to their former 1947; Abernathy and Utterback, 1978; Kondratieff, core competences or their traditional expertise 1979).
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Business Cases for Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Applications for Regions and Cities Consolidated Technology Introduction Dossiers
    Development of Business Cases for Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Applications for Regions and Cities Consolidated Technology Introduction Dossiers Brussels and Frankfurt, September 2017 Contents Page A. WG1: "Heavy-duty transport applications" 3 B. WG2: "Light- and medium-duty transport applications" 18 C. WG3: "Maritime and aviation transport applications" 53 D. WG4: "Stationary applications" 80 E. WG5: "Energy-to-hydrogen applications" 107 F. Your contacts 126 G. Appendix 128 2 A. WG1: "Heavy-duty transport applications" Working Group 1 addresses three types of FCH applications (incl. some variants within): trains, trucks and buses Working Group 1: Heavy-duty transport applications regions & cities are part of the 43 Working Group 1 from 15 European countries 1. Trains – "Hydrails" 2. Buses industry participants are now part 3. Heavy-duty trucks 20 of Working Group 1 from 6 European countries Source: Roland Berger 4 Fuel cell hydrogen trains ("Hydrails") are a future zero-emission alternative for non-electrified regional train connections Fuel cell electric trains – Hydrails1 1/4 Brief description: Hydrails are hydrogen- Use cases: Cities and regions can especially fuelled regional trains, using compressed deploy hydrails on non-electric tracks for regional hydrogen gas as fuel to generate electricity via train connections to lower overall and eliminate an energy converter (the fuel cell) to power local emissions (pollutants, CO2, noise); cities traction motors or auxiliaries. Hydrails are fuelled and regions can – for example – promote FCH with hydrogen at the central train depot, like trains through demo projects or specific public diesel locomotives tenders Fuel cell electric trains – Hydrails (based on Alstom prototype) Key components Fuel cell stacks, air compressor, hydrogen tank, electronic engine, batteries Output 400 kW FC, hybridized with batteries Top speed; consumption; range 140 km/h; 0,25-0,3 kg/km; 600-800 km Fuel Hydrogen (350 bar) Passenger capacity 300 (total) / 150 (seated) Approximate unit cost EUR 5-5.5 m (excl.
    [Show full text]
  • Batteries for Electric and Hybrid Heavy Duty Vehicles
    Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. The United States Government does not endorse products of manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. The mention of commercial products, their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as actual or implied endorsement of such products by U.S. Department of Transportation or the contractor. For questions or copies please contact: CALSTART 48 S Chester Ave. Pasadena, CA 91106 Tel: (626) 744 5600 www.calstart.org Energy Storage Compendium: Batteries for Electric and Hybrid Heavy Duty Vehicles March 2010 CALSTART Prepared for: U.S. Department of Transportation Abstract The need for energy storage solutions and technologies is growing in support of the electrification in transportation and interest in hybrid‐electric and all electric heavy‐duty vehicles in transit and the commercial vehicles. The main purpose of this document is to provide an overview of advanced battery energy storage technologies available currently or in development for heavy‐duty, bus and truck, applications. The same set of parameters, such as energy density, power density, lifecycle and weight were used in review of the specific battery technology solution. The important performance requirements for energy storage solutions from the vehicle perspective were reviewed and the basic advantages of different cell chemistries for vehicle batteries were summarized. A list of current battery technologies available for automotive applications is provided.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Electric-Vehicle-Battery Manufacturers - Wi
    List of electric-vehicle-battery manufacturers - Wi... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_electric-vehic... List of electric-vehicle-battery manufacturers 1 von 6 13.04.21, 21:10 List of electric-vehicle-battery manufacturers - Wi... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_electric-vehic... List of largest EV battery manufacturers Production Used in Battery Year Type of Still in Notes capacity production manufacturer founded battery operation (GWh) vehicle Killacycle motorcycle, General Motors (Chevrolet Spark EV), Fisker Automotive (Karma PHEV), Daimler Buses North America (Orion VII), now defunct Smith Electric Vehicles electric trucks, Chery Auto, Kandi, Navistar electric trucks, ALTe Powertrain Technologies extended-range EV lithium-ion powertrains, VIA Motors (lithium A123Systems extended-range VTRUX, 2001[1] 1.5 (2018)[2] Yes Yes iron three cars with Shanghai phosphate) Automotive Industry Corp.'s Roewe brand (an EV, a PHEV and an HEV), BMW (ActiveHybrid 3 and ActiveHybrid 5 hybrid electric vehicles), Mercedes- Benz High Performance Engines (Formula One racing kinetic energy recovery system (KERS), Buckeye Bullet land-speed racer We engineer, develop, and manufacture high-quality American Battery lithium-ion batteries and Solutions Inc. (htt battery systems to serve the p://www.american growing demands in electric 2019 lithium-ion Yes batterysolutions.c vehicles (EV), electrified om) transportation, motive, industrial, and commercial markets. AESC Nissan vehicles 2007 lithium-ion Phoenix Motorcars, Lightning lithium- Altairnano 1973
    [Show full text]
  • 2012 Storage Report: Progress and Prospects Recommendations for the U.S
    2012 Storage Report: Progress and Prospects Recommendations for the U.S. Department of Energy A Report by: The Electricity Advisory Committee October 2012 Photo Credit: AES Energy Storage, LLC Photo Credit: Xtreme Power Inc. ELECTRICITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE ELECTRICITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE MISSION The mission of the Electricity Advisory Committee is to provide advice to the U.S. Department of Energy in implementing the Energy Policy Act of 2005, executing the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, and modernizing the nation's electricity delivery infrastructure. ELECTRICITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE GOALS The goals of the Electricity Advisory Committee are to provide advice on: • Electricity policy issues pertaining to the U.S. of Energy • Recommendations concerning U.S. Department of Energy electricity programs and initiatives • Issues related to current and future capacity of the electricity delivery system (generation, transmission, and distribution, regionally and nationally) • Coordination between the U.S. Department of Energy, state, and regional officials and the private sector on matters affecting electricity supply, demand, and reliability • Coordination between federal, state, and utility industry authorities that are required to cope with supply disruptions or other emergencies related to electricity generation, transmission, and distribution ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY ACT OF 2007 The Energy Storage Technologies Subcommittee of the Electricity Advisory Committee was established in March 2008 in response to Title VI, Section
    [Show full text]
  • US Heavy-Duty Vehicle High Efficiency Technology Suppliers
    US Heavy-Duty Vehicle High Efficiency Technology Suppliers An Industry Segment Spanning America CALSTART Industry White Paper July 2016 PREFACE This report was researched and produced by CALSTART, which is solely responsible for its content. The report was researched primarily by Stephanie Yu with assistance from CALSTART technical and member service staff and written by Stephanie Yu and Bill Van Amburg, who also provided oversight. Information developed from the Innovators Roundtable and its resulting Synthesis findings document were part of collaboration between CALSTART and Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Funding for this work was provided by the Energy Foundation. © 2016 CALSTART 2 CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................4 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ...........................................................................................6 Need and Value of Industry Segment ....................................................................................................... 7 2. COMPANIES BY TECHNOLOGY AND REGION .............................................................................. 10 Major Category Breakdowns .................................................................................................................. 11 Observations on the Scale of the High
    [Show full text]
  • Low Carbon Automotive Directory
    Low Carbon Automotive Directory UK Trade & Investment is the Government organisation that helps Contents UK based companies succeed in Introduction 3 About this Guide 4 an increasingly global economy. UK Trade & Investment 5 BIS: Investing in the Future 6 Our range of expert services is Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership 7 Cenex 8 tailored to the needs of individual Government/NGOs/Trade Bodies 9 businesses to maximise their Academic Research 16 Development 22 international success. We provide Production/Manufacture 36 companies with knowledge, advice Consultants 51 Training and Qualifications 67 and practical support. Aftermarket 68 Matrix of UK Low Carbon Vehicle Capabilities 72 Low Carbon Automotive Directory Page 2 Cover image ©Group Lotus PLC Introduction Climate change is often quoted as the most significant These new technologies drive the demand for new challenge facing civilisation. Past desires for the most supply chains, providing opportunities for new entrants economic energy sources have led to implications for to the automotive sector. With expertise in these new future generations with the consequent need to reduce technologies spread around the world, consumer energy requirements for transport together with markets and supply chains are also likely to globalise. reductions in carbon emissions. Europe, the United States This will provide opportunities for both developed and and many other countries, including the largest of the developing markets in both low carbon technologies emerging economies, recognise the need for greater and systems. fuel efficiency and have introduced targets and policies adding up to a major global push in this area. The UK has a long and experienced track record in the automotive sector with particular strengths in advanced • In Europe, fleet average vehicle CO2 must be combustion engines, new and lightweight materials reduced to less than 130g/km by 2015 and and innovative and niche vehicles and products.
    [Show full text]
  • The Race for the Electric Car
    Equity Research A White Paper on a Facet of the Energy Sector THE RACE FOR THE ELECTRIC CAR: A Comprehensive Guide To Battery Technologies And Market Development Alternative Energy Dilip Warrier 415.364.2983 [email protected] Jeff Osborne Please see analyst 212.271.3577 [email protected] certification and other important disclosures starting on page 85 Yumi Odama and continuing through 415.364.5965 [email protected] March 19, 2009 page 85. Thomas Weisel Partners does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. As a result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this report. Customers of Thomas Weisel Partners in the United States can receive independent, third-party research on the company or companies covered in this report, at no cost to them, where such research is available. Customers can access this independent research at www.tweisel.com or can call (877) 921-3900 to request a copy of this research. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision. THE RACE FOR THE ELECTRIC CAR: A Comprehensive Guide To Battery Technologies And Market Development Table of Contents A Shift To Cleaner Modes Of Transportation Is Inevitable; The Time Is Now ........................................................................6 Industry Drivers.................................................................................................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Environmental Mitigation Strategies
    Comprehensive Regional Goods Movement Plan and Implementation Strategy Task 10.2 Evaluation of Environmental Mitigation Strategies 0 SCAG Comprehensive Regional Goods Movement Plan and Implementation Strategy Task 10.2 Evaluation of Environmental Mitigation Strategies April 2012 Prepared for The Southern California Association of Governments Prepared by ICF International 620 Folsom Street, Suite 200 San Francisco, CA 94107 415.677.7100 blank page Evaluation of Environmental Mitigation Strategies Table of Contents 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................1 2. Truck Emissions Baseline ...........................................................................................................4 2.1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................4 2.2. Key Truck Regulations.......................................................................................................5 2.3. Baseline Truck Emissions to 2035.......................................................................................8 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 Results – South Coast Air Basin Inventory ........................................................................................................... 9 Results – SCAG Region Inventory ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1 MC-P-09-04 New Membership Applications This Paper Lists New
    MC-P-09-04 New Membership Applications This paper lists new members that the Members Council is asked to consider as new members of LowCVP. The following organisations have applied to be owner members (Partners) of LowCVP and were not previous members. Each has been recommended for membership by the Managing Director and formal approval, or otherwise, is sought from the Members Council. Aixam Mega Limited Arun Autogas Ltd – subject to agreeing membership contribution Astra Vehicle Technologies Automotive PR Bryte Energy Ltd Confederation of British Industry Connaught Engineering Limited Davita PLC East of England Development Agency ECC Infracharge Ltd Ecolane Ltd Ecomotion PR Ltd Energy and Environment Consultants Evoasis FIA Foundation for the Automobile and Society Fiat Group Automobiles UK FiveBarGate Consultants Ltd Good Energy Ltd Leyland Trucks Ligno Synthetics Lithium Force Ma Innovation Ltd Northwest Regional Development Agency Palmer PR Powertrain and Vehicle Research Centre R2 Powertrain Richard Armitage Transport Consultancy Suzuki The Caravan Club Venture Automotive Limited ZEmotive 1 Annex Aixam Mega Limited Vehicle manufacturer Annual membership contribution - Paying a membership subscription Working Groups - Passenger Cars Aixam Mega Ltd is the UK subsidiary of Aixam Mega France. It is one of the largest suppliers of electric vehicles to the UK through the sales of Mega City electric city cars through Nice Car Company (part of our group) and through the sales of the Mega range of electric commercial and utility vehicles. We are working as part of the London Electric Vehicle Partnership, and are actively working with many UK companies and Government bodies to increase and develop the use of electric vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lithium Ion Battery and the EV Market: the Science Behind What You Can’T See
    The Lithium Ion Battery and the EV Market: The Science Behind What You Can’t See February 2018 Kimberly Berman Jared Dziuba, CFA Colin Hamilton Special Projects Analyst Oil & Gas Analyst Global Commodities Analyst BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. BMO Capital Markets Limited [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (416) 359-5611 (403) 515-3672 +44 (0)20 7664 8172 Richard Carlson, CFA Joel Jackson, P.Eng., CFA Peter Sklar, CPA, CA Autos/Mobility Equipment & Technology Analyst Fertilizers & Chemicals Analyst Auto Parts & Retailing/Consumer Analyst BMO Capital Markets Corp. BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (212) 885-4060 (416) 359-4250 (416) 359-5188 This report was prepared in part by analysts employed by a Canadian affiliate, BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc., and a UK affiliate, BMO Capital Markets Limited, authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in the UK, and who are not registered as research analysts under FINRA rules. For disclosure statements, including the Analyst’s Certification, please refer to the back of this report. 17:00 ET~ Contributors KIMBERLY BERMAN JARED DZIUBA, CFA COLIN HAMILTON Special Projects Analyst Oil & Gas Analyst Global Commodities Analyst BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. BMO Capital Markets Limited [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (416) 359-5611 (403) 515-3672 +44 (0)20 7664 8172 RICHARD CARLSON, CFA JOEL JacKSON, P.ENG., CFA PETER SKLAR, CPA, CA Autos/Mobility Equipment & Technology Analyst Fertilizers & Chemicals Analyst Auto Parts & Retailing/Consumer Analyst BMO Capital Markets Corp.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles: the U.S. VALUE CHAIN
    Lithium-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles: THE U.S. VALUE CHAIN Marcy Lowe, Saori Tokuoka, Tali Trigg October 5, 2010 and Gary Gereffi Contributing CGGC researcher: Ansam Abayechi Lithium-ion Batteries for Hybrid and All-Electric Vehicles: the U.S. Value Chain This research was prepared on behalf of Environmental Defense Fund: http://www.edf.org/home.cfm The authors would like to thank our anonymous interviewees and reviewers, who gave generously of their time and expertise. We would also like to thank Jackie Roberts of EDF for comments on early drafts. None of the opinions or comments expressed in this study are endorsed by the companies mentioned or individuals interviewed. Errors of fact or interpretation remain exclusively with the authors. We welcome comments and suggestions. The lead author can be contacted at [email protected]. List of Abbreviations ANL Argonne National Laboratory ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act BEV Battery Electric Vehicle CGGC Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness CNT Carbon nano-tubes DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency EV Electric Vehicle JV Joint Venture LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory METI Ministry of Economy, Trade And Industry in Japan NaS Sodium-Sulfur (battery) NEDO New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (Japan) Ni-Cd Nickel Cadmium Ni-MH Nickel Metal Hydride NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory ORNL Oakridge National Laboratory PHEV Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle R&D Research and Development SNL Sandia National Laboratory UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply V2G Vehicle to Grid Cover photo courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory © October 5, 2010. Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness Duke University Posted: October 5, 2010 Revised version: November 4, 2010 2 Lithium-ion Batteries for Hybrid and All-Electric Vehicles: the U.S.
    [Show full text]