Minor Changes in Collembolan Communities Under Different Organic Crop Rotations and Tillage Regimes

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Minor Changes in Collembolan Communities Under Different Organic Crop Rotations and Tillage Regimes Moos et al. (2020) · LANDBAUFORSCH · J Sustainable Organic Agric Syst · 70(2):113–128 DOI:10.3220/LBF1611932809000 113 RESEARCH ARTICLE Minor changes in collembolan communities under different organic crop rotations and tillage regimes Jan Hendrik Moos 1, 2, Stefan Schrader 2, and Hans Marten Paulsen 1 HIGHLIGHTS Received: March 27, 2020 • Species richness and abundance of collembolans are not affected by tillage Revised: June 17, 2020 and crop rotations in organic farming systems. Revised: August 24, 2020 • There is some evidence that the relative share of euedaphic collembolans is Accepted: September 10, 2020 an indicator of management impacts. • Collembolan communities are more influenced by crop type and crop cover than by specific crop rotations or differences in tillage regime. KEYWORDS soil biodiversity, eco-morphological index (EMI), soil tillage, organic matter Abstract collembolan individuals tended to increase in soil environ­ ments that offered more stable habitat conditions from An aim of organic farming is to reduce negative impacts of increased availability of organic matter. agricultural management practices on physical, chemical, and biological soil properties. A growing number of organic 1 Introduction farmers is trying out methods of reduced tillage to save costs, protect humus and to foster natural processes in the soil. Fur­ Agriculture impacts directly and severely on soil biodiver­ ther more, techniques like increasing crop rotation diversity sity (Orgiazzi et al., 2016). Negative effects are especially and reduced tillage are discussed under the topics of agro­ ex pected in intensively managed systems with simple crop­ ecology or ecological intensification also for implementation ping se quences (e.g. Eisenhauer, 2016). To foster sustainability, in non­organic farming systems. soil fertility, biodiversity and nutrient supply from the soil, The question arises as to whether these practices are organic farming uses diverse crop rotations, which include positively impacting on soil ecosystems and which indica­ different leguminous crops, and rely on organic fertilisation. tors can be used to describe these impacts. Collembolans are In organic mixed farming systems, crop nutrition relies on the a widely distributed group of the soil mesofauna. They are application of livestock manure and the inclusion of forage mainly characterised as secondary decomposers feeding on and grain legumes. Besides mixed farming systems including fungi and other microorganisms. We investigated the influ­ animal husbandry, stockless arable cropping systems without ence of different long­term organic crop rotations (mixed manure input are used in organic farming. Their fertilisation farming with animal husbandry versus stockless arable) and is based on N­fixation by legumes and input of crop residues the short term effects of two years of different tillage systems and green manure. In summary, that the main differences (conventional tillage versus reduced tillage) on the abun­ between crop rotations of organic farming systems with and dance, species richness, species composition, and selected without livestock keeping are the form of organic fertiliser species traits (life forms) of collembolan communities. used and the proportion of legumes. Although not significant, some trends are evident. Spe­ Regardless of the fertilisation regime, a common feature of cies composition of collembolan communities responded to most organic crop rotations is the use of a mouldboard plough, expected alterations in soil moisture mediated by different mainly for weed management. As the negative impacts of crop sequences and inter­annual effects rather than to dif­ regu lar ploughing for different soil functions are well known fer ent management practices. The proportion of euedaphic (Peigné et al., 2007), in recent years different approaches have 1 Thünen Institute of Organic Farming, Westerau, Germany 2 Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Braunschweig, Germany CONTACT [email protected], [email protected] Moos et al. (2020) · LANDBAUFORSCH · J Sustainable Organic Agric Syst · 70(2):113–128 114 been presented to integrate reduced tillage practices into of stable habitat conditions (Jeffery et al., 2010), especially crop rotations in organic farming systems to enhance system on permanent pore space as they are not burrowing. On clay sustainability (e.g. Mäder and Berner, 2012; Moos et al., 2016). soils, reduced tillage can lead to a decrease in pore volume, In general, reducing tillage intensity has positive effects such which is likely to have a negative effect on euedaphic collem­ as reducing the risk of soil erosion or increased macroporosity. bolans (e.g. Dittmer and Schrader, 2000). Nevertheless, in organic farming, reducing the intensity of Compared to euedaphic collembolans, hemiedaphic soil tillage is hindered by specific challenges such as in creas­ and atmobiont species are less dependent on the soil struc­ ing weed pressure, restricted N­availability, or restrictions in ture, as they inhabit the upper soil layer, the litter layer, or crop choice (Peigné et al,. 2007). the soil surface. Other factors such as humidity near the soil The aim of our project was to investigate the influence of surface and shading influence these life­forms (see above, different management practices in organic cropping systems c.f. Pommer esche et al., 2017). Thus, relative proportions of on the soil macro­ and mesofauna. Complementing a report euedaphic, hemiedaphic and atmobiont species should indi­ about effects on earthworms (Moos et al., 2016), this paper cate an impact of soil tillage intensity. considers the influence of crops, crop rotations and tillage Besides fertilisation and tillage regimes, the characteris­ regimes on collembolans. tics of the cultivated crops influence soil conditions and The investigation of widely distributed soil fauna groups thereby organisms inhabiting the soil. Different crop classes such as earthworms and microarthropods, which hold key (e.g. cereals versus root crops) can influence evapotranspira­ positions within soil food webs, can shed light on the impact tion differently and thereby soil moisture and humidity of management practices on soil ecosystems. Collembolans on the soil surface. Legumes influence the soil specifically are likely to be good indicators for soil conditions because through their symbiosis with nitrogen fixing bacteria in root they are widely distributed (Hopkin, 1997). Due to short nodules. Some studies indicate positive effects of the pres­ life cycles of the species, composition and abundance of ence of legumes on collembolan abundance and diversity collem bolan communities are expected to rapidly adapt in grassland due to increased microbial biomass, and higher to and reflect environmental changes. This response might litter quality (e.g. Sabais et al., 2011). For arable land, some be further enhanced through their function as secondary studies have been conducted comparing the influence of decomposers, feeding on fungi and microorganisms, which simple crop rotations (without legumes) and more complex links them closer to the environment than predatory or her­ crop rotations (with legumes) on collembolan communities bivorous animals (Greenslade, 2007). (Andrén and Lagerlöf, 1983; Jagers Op Akkerhuis et al., 1988). The influence of organic fertilisers on collembolan com­ How ever, these studies did not give consistent results, with mu nities is still under debate. Platen and Glemnitz (2016) complex crop rotations having both positive and no effect on found a positive effect applying digestate from biogas collembolan abundance. pro duction on collembolan abundance in a two­year field In the study reported here, we examined how collem­ experiment. Kautz et al. (2006) showed a positive effect of bolan communities respond to different management annual applications of straw and green manure. Kanal (2004) practices in two organic arable crop rotations on the same also found a positive fertilisation effect when applying cat­ experimental station, i.e. under comparable soil­climate and tle manure but highlighted additional seasonal variations in agro­technical conditions. Effects of tillage and crop rotation, abundance. In contrast, Pommeresche et al. (2017) described as well as effects of crop classes and annual fluctuations (e.g. negative short­term effects of slurry application on collem­ precipitation), on species richness, abundance, and life­form bolan abundance, with more negative effects for epigeic and species composition of collembolan communities were than endogeic species. None of the studies found any con­ analysed. We focussed on the question which characteristics sistent effect on collembolan community composition. There­ of collembolan communities are indicative of the effects of fore, the influence of organic fertilisation on characteristics of different crop rotations or tillage regimes in organic farming. collembolan communities is at least mediated by the type of organic matter and the timing of application. 2 Material and methods As for organic fertilisation, there are different results from examinations of the effects of tillage intensity on collem bolan 2.1 Study site communities. Brennan et al. (2006) found that reduced tillage The study was conducted at the experimental station of the increases collembolan abundance, and Miyazawa et al. (2002) Thünen Institute of Organic Farming in Trenthorst/Wulmenau, ascribed the related negative effect of conventional tillage on
Recommended publications
  • Why Are There So Many Exotic Springtails in Australia? a Review
    90 (3) · December 2018 pp. 141–156 Why are there so many exotic Springtails in Australia? A review. Penelope Greenslade1, 2 1 Environmental Management, School of School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria 3353, Australia 2 Department of Biology, Australian National University, GPO Box, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia E-mail: [email protected] Received 17 October 2018 | Accepted 23 November 2018 Published online at www.soil-organisms.de 1 December 2018 | Printed version 15 December 2018 DOI 10.25674/y9tz-1d49 Abstract Native invertebrate assemblages in Australia are adversely impacted by invasive exotic plants because they are replaced by exotic, invasive invertebrates. The reasons have remained obscure. The different physical, chemical and biotic characteristics of the novel habitat seem to present hostile conditions for native species. This results in empty niches. It seems the different ecologies of exotic invertebrate species may be better adapted to colonise these novel empty niches than native invertebrates. Native faunas of other southern continents that possess a highly endemic fauna, such as South America, South Africa and New Zealand, may have suffered the same impacts from exotic species but insufficient survey data and unreliable and old taxonomy makes this uncertain. Here I attempt to discover what particular characteristics of these novel habitats are hostile to native invertebrates. I chose the Collembola as a target taxon. They are a suitable group because the Australian collembolan fauna consists of a high percentage of endemic taxa, but also exotic, non-native, species. Most exotic Collembola species in Australia appear to have originated from Europe, where they occur at low densities (Fjellberg 1997, 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Updated List of Collembola Species Currently Recorded from South Africa Charlene Janion-Scheepers, Louis Deharveng, Anne Bedos, Steven L
    Updated list of Collembola species currently recorded from South Africa Charlene Janion-Scheepers, Louis Deharveng, Anne Bedos, Steven L. Chown To cite this version: Charlene Janion-Scheepers, Louis Deharveng, Anne Bedos, Steven L. Chown. Updated list of Collembola species currently recorded from South Africa. Zookeys, Pensoft, 2015, 503, pp.55-88. 10.3897/zookeys.503.8966. hal-01220558 HAL Id: hal-01220558 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01220558 Submitted on 18 Nov 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 503: 55–88Updated (2015) list of Collembola species currently recorded from South Africa 55 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.503.8966 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Updated list of Collembola species currently recorded from South Africa Charlene Janion-Scheepers1,3, Louis Deharveng2, Anne Bedos2, Steven L. Chown3 1 Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa 2 Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France 3 School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Corresponding author: Charlene Janion-Scheepers ([email protected]) Academic editor: W.
    [Show full text]
  • Mesofauna at the Soil-Scree Interface in a Deep Karst Environment
    diversity Article Mesofauna at the Soil-Scree Interface in a Deep Karst Environment Nikola Jureková 1,* , Natália Raschmanová 1 , Dana Miklisová 2 and L’ubomír Kováˇc 1 1 Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, SK-04180 Košice, Slovakia; [email protected] (N.R.); [email protected] (L’.K.) 2 Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, SK-04001 Košice, Slovakia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The community patterns of Collembola (Hexapoda) were studied at two sites along a microclimatically inversed scree slope in a deep karst valley in the Western Carpathians, Slovakia, in warm and cold periods of the year, respectively. Significantly lower average temperatures in the scree profile were noted at the gorge bottom in both periods, meaning that the site in the lower part of the scree, near the bank of creek, was considerably colder and wetter compared to the warmer and drier site at upper part of the scree slope. Relatively high diversity of Collembola was observed at two fieldwork scree sites, where cold-adapted species, considered climatic relicts, showed considerable abundance. The gorge bottom, with a cold and wet microclimate and high carbon content even in the deeper MSS horizons, provided suitable environmental conditions for numerous psychrophilic and subterranean species. Ecological groups such as trogloxenes and subtroglophiles showed decreasing trends of abundance with depth, in contrast to eutroglophiles and a troglobiont showing an opposite distributional pattern at scree sites in both periods. Our study documented that in terms of soil and Citation: Jureková, N.; subterranean mesofauna, colluvial screes of deep karst gorges represent (1) a transition zone between Raschmanová, N.; Miklisová, D.; the surface and the deep subterranean environment, and (2) important climate change refugia.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • (Collembola) in Meadows, Pastures and Road Verges in Central Finland
    © Entomologica Fennica. 29 August 2017 Springtails (Collembola) in meadows, pastures and road verges in Central Finland Atte Komonen* & Saana Kataja-aho Komonen, A. & Kataja-aho, S. 2017: Springtails (Collembola) in meadows, pas- tures and road verges in Central Finland. — Entomol. Fennica 28: 157–163. Understanding of species distribution, abundance and habitat affinities is crucial for red-list assessment, conservation and habitat management. In Central Fin- land, we studied Collembola in three habitat types, namely non-grazed meadows, pastures and road verges using pitfall traps. Altogether, 9,630 Collembola indi- viduals were recorded. These belonged to 12 families, 34 genera and 60 species. The number of specimens was clearly higher in meadows than in pastures or road verges. The number of species, however, was higher in meadows and road verges (40 and 39 species, respectively) than in pastures (33 species). The overall spe- cies number is comparable to other large-scale sampling schemes in similar habi- tats. We recorded a few abundant species (Spatulosminthurus flaviceps, Smin- thurus viridis and Sminthurus nigromaculatus) that have been previously re- corded from very different biotopes. In conclusion, biodiversity inventories of soil fauna, as well as other biota, should also include marginal habitats, which of- ten host peculiar communities. A. Komonen, University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environ- mental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland; *Cor- responding author’s e-mail: [email protected] S. Kataja-aho, University of Jyväskylä, Natural History Museum, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland; E-mail: [email protected] Received 15 November 2016, accepted 22 December 2016 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Minor Changes in Collembolan Communities Under Different Organic Crop Rotations and Tillage Regimes
    Moos et al. (2020) · LANDBAUFORSCH · J Sustainable Organic Agric Syst · 70(2):113–128 DOI:10.3220/LBF1611932809000 113 RESEARCH ARTICLE Minor changes in collembolan communities under different organic crop rotations and tillage regimes Jan Hendrik Moos 1, 2, Stefan Schrader 2, and Hans Marten Paulsen 1 HIGHLIGHTS Received: March 27, 2020 • Species richness and abundance of collembolans are not affected by tillage Revised: June 17, 2020 and crop rotations in organic farming systems. Revised: August 24, 2020 • There is some evidence that the relative share of euedaphic collembolans is Accepted: September 10, 2020 an indicator of management impacts. • Collembolan communities are more influenced by crop type and crop cover than by specific crop rotations or differences in tillage regime. KEYWORDS soil biodiversity, eco-morphological index (EMI), soil tillage, organic matter Abstract collembolan individuals tended to increase in soil environ­ ments that offered more stable habitat conditions from An aim of organic farming is to reduce negative impacts of increased availability of organic matter. agricultural management practices on physical, chemical, and biological soil properties. A growing number of organic 1 Introduction farmers is trying out methods of reduced tillage to save costs, protect humus and to foster natural processes in the soil. Fur­ Agriculture impacts directly and severely on soil biodiver­ ther more, techniques like increasing crop rotation diversity sity (Orgiazzi et al., 2016). Negative effects are especially and reduced tillage are discussed under the topics of agro­ ex pected in intensively managed systems with simple crop­ ecology or ecological intensification also for implementation ping se quences (e.g. Eisenhauer, 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of Springtail Fauna (Hexapoda: Collembola: Entomobryomorpha) from Ordu Province in Turkey
    Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 24-32 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1509-28 New records of springtail fauna (Hexapoda: Collembola: Entomobryomorpha) from Ordu Province in Turkey 1 2, 3 Muhammet Ali ÖZATA , Hasan SEVGİLİ *, Igor J. KAPRUS 1 Demir Karamancı Anatolian High School, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey 3 State Museum of Natural History, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, L’viv, Ukraine Received: 14.09.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 27.04.2016 Final Version: 25.01.2017 Abstract: This study aims to elucidate the Collembola fauna of the province of Ordu, which is situated between the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions of Turkey. Although a large number of Collembolan specimens had been collected, only Entomobryomorpha species were given emphasis. From 44 different sampled localities of the province of Ordu, we recorded 6 families, 14 genera, and 28 species. Six of these species were previously recorded and 20 of them are new records for Turkey. The results were not surprising, considering that the sampled region had not been studied previously, quite like many habitats in Turkey. With our 20 new records (Entomobryomorpha), the grand total of the springtail fauna of Turkey is increased to 73 species. This represents an increase of almost 40% of the current list of known species. These numbers show us that the diversity of Collembola in Turkey is not thoroughly known and it is clear that numerous species remain undiscovered or undescribed.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Article in PDF Format
    DIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION : Bruno David Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF / EDITOR-IN-CHIEF : Laure Desutter-Grandcolas ASSISTANTS DE RÉDACTION / ASSISTANT EDITORS : Anne Mabille ([email protected]), Emmanuel Côtez MISE EN PAGE / PAGE LAYOUT : Anne Mabille COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE / SCIENTIFIC BOARD : James Carpenter (AMNH, New York, États-Unis) Maria Marta Cigliano (Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentine) Henrik Enghoff (NHMD, Copenhague, Danemark) Rafael Marquez (CSIC, Madrid, Espagne) Peter Ng (University of Singapore) Gustav Peters (ZFMK, Bonn, Allemagne) Norman I. Platnick (AMNH, New York, États-Unis) Jean-Yves Rasplus (INRA, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France) Jean-François Silvain (IRD, Gif-sur-Yvette, France) Wanda M. Weiner (Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracovie, Pologne) John Wenzel (The Ohio State University, Columbus, États-Unis) COUVERTURE / COVER : Ptenothrix italica Dallai, 1973. Body size: 1.4 mm, immature. Zoosystema est indexé dans / Zoosystema is indexed in: – Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch®) – ISI Alerting Services® – Current Contents® / Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences® – Scopus® Zoosystema est distribué en version électronique par / Zoosystema is distributed electronically by: – BioOne® (http://www.bioone.org) Les articles ainsi que les nouveautés nomenclaturales publiés dans Zoosystema sont référencés par / Articles and nomenclatural novelties published in Zoosystema are referenced by: – ZooBank® (http://zoobank.org) Zoosystema est une revue en flux continu publiée par les Publications scientifiques du Muséum, Paris / Zoosystema is a fast track journal published by the Museum Science Press, Paris Les Publications scientifiques du Muséum publient aussi / The Museum Science Press also publish: Adansonia, Anthropozoologica, European Journal of Taxonomy, Geodiversitas, Naturae. Diffusion – Publications scientifiques Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle CP 41 – 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Tél.
    [Show full text]
  • Gut Content, Digestive Enzymes, Fatty Acids and Stable Isot
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.15.098228; this version posted July 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Multidimensional trophic niche revealed by complementary approaches: gut content, 2 digestive enzymes, fatty acids and stable isotopes in soil fauna 3 Anton M. Potapov1,2, Melanie M. Pollierer2, Sandrine Salmon3, Vladimír Šustr4, Ting-Wen 4 Chen4* 5 1A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky 6 Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia 7 2J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere 8 Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany 9 3Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Adaptations du Vivant, UMR 7179 10 MECADEV, 4 avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France 11 4Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 12 České Budějovice, Czech Republic 13 14 *Corresponding author: Ting-Wen Chen (address: Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre, 15 Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; email: 16 [email protected]) 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.15.098228; this version posted July 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Alien Species in Norway
    Alien species in Norway – with the Norwegian Black List 2012 Alien species in Norway – with the Norwegian Black List 2012 presents an overview of ecological impact assessments of alien species which reproduce in Norwegian territories. The assessments are based upon a new and semi- quantitative set of criteria, where the species’ invasion potential and ecological effect are considered. The work has been carried out by 11 groups of experts who have treated ca. 2500 species. Impact assessments have been made for 1180 alien species which reproduce in Norwegian territories and for 134 species which might arrive in Norway with the aid of humans in the future – so called ‘door knockers’. A total of 106 species are categorised as having a severe impact, 111 species as having a high impact, 198 species as having a potentially high impact, 399 species as having a low impact, and 366 species as having no known impact in Norwegian nature. In addition, species inform- ation has been gathered for 1071 alien species which do not reproduce on the Norwegian mainland and territorial waters, and 69 non-reproducing alien species observed in Svalbard. Distribution: Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre 7491 Trondheim Alien species in Norway Phone: +47 73592145 e-mail: [email protected] –with the Norwegian Black List www.biodiversity.no 2012 Alien species in Norway –with the Norwegian Black List 2012 Editors Lisbeth Gederaas, Toril Loennechen Moen, Sigrun Skjelseth, Line-Kristin Larsen Project management Lisbeth Gederaas Groups of experts See chapter “Te work of the expert groups” Database development and management Stein Arild Hoem, Helge Sandmark Layout Skipnes Kommunikasjon AS, Åshild S.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Gardening Forum Soil Biodiversity in the Garden 24 June 2015 Conference Proceedings: June 2015 Acknowledgements
    Conference Proceedings: June 2015 Wildlife Gardening Forum Soil Biodiversity in the Garden 24 June 2015 Conference Proceedings: June 2015 Acknowledgements • These proceedings published by the Wildlife Gardening Forum. • Please note that these proceedings are not a peer-reviewed publication. The research presented herein is a compilation of the presentations given at the Conference on 24 June 2015, edited by the WLGF. • The Forum understands that the slides and their contents are available for publication in this form. If any images or information have been published in error, please contact the Forum and we will remove them. Conference Proceedings: June 2015 Programme Hyperlinks take you to the relevant sections • ‘Working with soil diversity: challenges and opportunities’ Dr Joanna Clark, British Society of Soil Science, & Director, Soil Research Centre, University of Reading. • ‘Journey to the Centre of the Earth, the First few Inches’ Dr. Matthew Shepherd, Senior Specialist – Soil Biodiversity, Natural England • ‘Mycorrhizal fungi and plants’ Dr. Martin I. Bidartondo, Imperial College/Royal Botanic Gardens Kew • ‘How soil biology helps food production and reduces reliance on artificial inputs’ Caroline Coursie, Conservation Adviser. Tewkesbury Town Council • ‘Earthworms – what we know and what they do for you’ Emma Sherlock, Natural History Museum • ‘Springtails in the garden’ Dr. Peter Shaw, Roehampton University • ‘Soil nesting bees’ Dr. Michael Archer. President Bees, Wasps & Ants Recording Society • Meet the scientists in the Museum’s Wildlife Garden – Pond life: Adrian Rundle, Learning Curator. – Earthworms: Emma Sherlock, Senior Curator of Free-living worms and Porifera. – Terrestrial insects: Duncan Sivell, Curator of Diptera and Wildlife Garden Scientific Advisory Group. – Orchid Observers: Kath Castillo, Botanist.
    [Show full text]
  • Erfassung Und Analyse Des Bodenzustands Im Hinblick Auf Die Umsetzung Und Weiterentwicklung Der Nationalen Biodiversitätsstrategie Von
    TEXTE 33/2012 Erfassung und Analyse des Bodenzustands im Hinblick auf die Umset- zung und Weiterent- wicklung der Nationalen Biodiversitätsstrategie | TEXTE | 33/2012 UMWELTFORSCHUNGSPLAN DES BUNDESMINISTERIUMS FÜR UMWELT, NATURSCHUTZ UND REAKTORSICHERHEIT Forschungskennzahl 3708 72 201 UBA-FB 001606 Erfassung und Analyse des Bodenzustands im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung und Weiterentwicklung der Nationalen Biodiversitätsstrategie von Jörg Römbke (Gesamtkoordination), Stephan Jänsch ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim am Main Martina Roß-Nickoll Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Universität Aachen (RWTH), Institut für Umweltforschung, Aachen Andreas Toschki gaiac Forschungsinstitut für Ökosystemanalyse und –bewertung, Aachen Hubert Höfer, Franz Horak Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe (SMNK), Karlsruhe David Russell, Ulrich Burkhardt Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz (SMNG), Görlitz Heike Schmitt Universität Utrecht (IRAS), Utrecht Im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes UMWELTBUNDESAMT Diese Publikation ist ausschließlich als Download unter http://www.uba.de/uba-info-medien/4312.html verfügbar. Hier finden Sie auch einen Anlagenband. Die in der Studie geäußerten Ansichten und Meinungen müssen nicht mit denen des Herausgebers übereinstimmen. ISSN 1862-4804 Durchführung ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH der Studie: Böttgerstr. 2-14 65439 Flörsheim am Main Abschlussdatum: Januar 2012 Herausgeber: Umweltbundesamt Wörlitzer Platz 1 06844 Dessau-Roßlau Tel.: 0340/2103-0 Telefax: 0340/2103 2285 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de http://fuer-mensch-und-umwelt.de/ Redaktion: Fachgebiet II 2.7 Bodenzustand, Bodenmonitoring Dr. Frank Glante Dessau-Roßlau, Juli 2012 Seite: 2 von 386 Berichts – Kennblatt Berichtsnummer 1. UBA-FB 001606 2. 3. 4. Titel des Berichts Erfassung und Analyse des Bodenzustands im Hinblick auf die Usetzung und Weiterentwicklung der Nationalen Biodiversitätsstrategie 5. Autor(en), Name(n), Vorname(n) 8.
    [Show full text]