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The Architecture of Cell Differentiation in Choanoflagellates And
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/452185; this version posted October 29, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 The architecture of cell differentiation in choanoflagellates 2 and sponge choanocytes 3 Davis Laundon1,2,6, Ben Larson3, Kent McDonald3, Nicole King3,4 and Pawel 4 Burkhardt1,5* 5 1 Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, 6 Plymouth, PL1 2PB, United Kingdom 7 2 Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom 8 3 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA 9 4 Howard Hughes Medical Institute 10 5 Sars International Centre for Molecular Marine Biology, University of Bergen, 11 Thormohlensgate 55, 5020 Bergen, Norway 12 6 Current Affiliation: University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom 13 14 *Correspondence [email protected] 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/452185; this version posted October 29, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 26 SUMMARY 27 Collar cells are ancient animal cell types which are conserved across the animal 28 kingdom [1] and their closest relatives, the choanoflagellates [2]. -
Taxonomy and Diversity of the Sponge Fauna from Walters Shoal, a Shallow Seamount in the Western Indian Ocean Region
Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region By Robyn Pauline Payne A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Scientiae in the Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Supervisors: Dr Toufiek Samaai Prof. Mark J. Gibbons Dr Wayne K. Florence The financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF. December 2015 Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region Robyn Pauline Payne Keywords Indian Ocean Seamount Walters Shoal Sponges Taxonomy Systematics Diversity Biogeography ii Abstract Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region R. P. Payne MSc Thesis, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Seamounts are poorly understood ubiquitous undersea features, with less than 4% sampled for scientific purposes globally. Consequently, the fauna associated with seamounts in the Indian Ocean remains largely unknown, with less than 300 species recorded. One such feature within this region is Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount located on the South Madagascar Ridge, which is situated approximately 400 nautical miles south of Madagascar and 600 nautical miles east of South Africa. Even though it penetrates the euphotic zone (summit is 15 m below the sea surface) and is protected by the Southern Indian Ocean Deep- Sea Fishers Association, there is a paucity of biodiversity and oceanographic data. -
Appendix: Some Important Early Collections of West Indian Type Specimens, with Historical Notes
Appendix: Some important early collections of West Indian type specimens, with historical notes Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 between 1841 and 1864, we gain additional information concerning the sponge memoir, starting with the letter dated 8 May 1855. Jacob Gysbert Samuel van Breda A biography of Placide Duchassaing de Fonbressin was (1788-1867) was professor of botany in Franeker (Hol published by his friend Sagot (1873). Although an aristo land), of botany and zoology in Gent (Belgium), and crat by birth, as we learn from Michelotti's last extant then of zoology and geology in Leyden. Later he went to letter to van Breda, Duchassaing did not add de Fon Haarlem, where he was secretary of the Hollandsche bressin to his name until 1864. Duchassaing was born Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, curator of its cabinet around 1819 on Guadeloupe, in a French-Creole family of natural history, and director of Teyler's Museum of of planters. He was sent to school in Paris, first to the minerals, fossils and physical instruments. Van Breda Lycee Louis-le-Grand, then to University. He finished traveled extensively in Europe collecting fossils, especial his studies in 1844 with a doctorate in medicine and two ly in Italy. Michelotti exchanged collections of fossils additional theses in geology and zoology. He then settled with him over a long period of time, and was received as on Guadeloupe as physician. Because of social unrest foreign member of the Hollandsche Maatschappij der after the freeing of native labor, he left Guadeloupe W etenschappen in 1842. The two chief papers of Miche around 1848, and visited several islands of the Antilles lotti on fossils were published by the Hollandsche Maat (notably Nevis, Sint Eustatius, St. -
Caribbean Wildlife Undersea 2017
Caribbean Wildlife Undersea life This document is a compilation of wildlife pictures from The Caribbean, taken from holidays and cruise visits. Species identification can be frustratingly difficult and our conclusions must be checked via whatever other resources are available. We hope this publication may help others having similar problems. While every effort has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information in this document, the authors cannot be held re- sponsible for any errors. Copyright © John and Diana Manning, 2017 1 Angelfishes (Pomacanthidae) Corals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) French angelfish 7 Bipinnate sea plume 19 (Pomacanthus pardu) (Antillogorgia bipinnata) Grey angelfish 8 Black sea rod 20 (Pomacanthus arcuatus) (Plexaura homomalla) Queen angelfish 8 Blade fire coral 20 (Holacanthus ciliaris) (Millepora complanata) Rock beauty 9 Branching fire coral 21 (Holacanthus tricolor) (Millepora alcicornis) Townsend angelfish 9 Bristle Coral 21 (Hybrid) (Galaxea fascicularis) Elkhorn coral 22 Barracudas (Sphyraenidae) (Acropora palmata) Great barracuda 10 Finger coral 22 (Sphyraena barracuda) (Porites porites) Fire coral 23 Basslets (Grammatidae) (Millepora dichotoma) Fairy basslet 10 Great star coral 23 (Gramma loreto) (Montastraea cavernosa) Grooved brain coral 24 Bonnetmouths (Inermiidae) (Diploria labyrinthiformis) Boga( Inermia Vittata) 11 Massive starlet coral 24 (Siderastrea siderea) Bigeyes (Priacanthidae) Pillar coral 25 Glasseye snapper 11 (Dendrogyra cylindrus) (Heteropriacanthus cruentatus) Porous sea rod 25 (Pseudoplexaura -
Prokaryotic Communities of Indo-Pacific Giant Barrel Sponges Are More Strongly Influenced by Geography Than Host Phylogeny
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 94, 2018, fiy194 doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiy194 Advance Access Publication Date: 4 October 2018 Research Article RESEARCH ARTICLE Prokaryotic communities of Indo-Pacific giant barrel sponges are more strongly influenced by geography than host phylogeny TSwierts1,2,*, DFR Cleary3 and NJ de Voogd1,2 1Marine Biodiversity, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands and 3Departamento de Biologia CESAM, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal ∗Corresponding author: Marine Biodiversity, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands. Tel: +31 (0)71 7519615. E-mail: [email protected] One sentence summary: The prokaryotic communities of multiple giant barrel sponge species in the Indo-Pacific are more strongly influenced by geography than host phylogeny. Editor: Julie Olson ABSTRACT Sponges harbor complex communities of microorganisms that carry out essential roles for the functioning and survival of their hosts. In some cases, genetically related sponges from different geographic regions share microbes, while in other cases microbial communities are more similar in unrelated sponges collected from the same location. To better understand how geography and host phylogeny cause variation in the prokaryotic community of sponges, we compared the prokaryotic community of 44 giant barrel sponges (Xestospongia spp.). These sponges belonged to six reproductively isolated genetic groups from eight areas throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Using Illumina sequencing, we obtained 440 000 sequences of the 16S rRNA gene V3V4 variable region that were assigned to 3795 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). -
The Isotopic Composition of Respired Carbon Dioxide in Scleractinian Corals: Implications for Cycling of Organic Carbon in Corals
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 69, No. 6, pp. 1495–1509, 2005 Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ltd Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0016-7037/05 $30.00 ϩ .00 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.09.004 The isotopic composition of respired carbon dioxide in scleractinian corals: Implications for cycling of organic carbon in corals 1, 2 3 4 3 5 PETER K. SWART *, ALINA SZMANT ,JAMES W. PORTER ,RICHARD E. DODGE ,JENNIFER I. TOUGAS , and JOHN R. SOUTHAM 1Division of Marine Geology and Geophysics, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA 2Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 5600 Marvin Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA 3Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA 4National Coral Reef Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania, FL, USA 5Department of Geological Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33129, USA (Received March 18, 2004; accepted in revised form September 10, 2004) Abstract—The origin of ␦13C variations within the skeletons of zooxanthellate scleractinian corals is still a ␦13 matter of considerable debate. In particular, the role respired CO2 plays in controlling the eventual Cofthe ␦13 skeleton remains unclear. In this study, the temporal variability of the C of respired CO2 produced by Montastraea faveolata has been measured at approximately monthly intervals over a 1-year period. In these experiments, three corals maintained on a platform at 8 m depth near Molasses Reef in the Florida Keys were incubated in closed chambers for 24-h periods and samples of the incubation water analyzed for the ␦13Cof ⌺ ϳ the dissolved inorganic carbon ( CO2)at 3-h intervals. -
Giant Barrel Sponge) Population on the Southeast Florida Reef Tract Alanna D
Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations HCNSO Student Work 7-25-2019 Spatial and temporal trends in the Xestospongia muta (giant barrel sponge) population on the Southeast Florida Reef Tract Alanna D. Waldman student, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Alanna D. Waldman. 2019. Spatial and temporal trends in the Xestospongia muta (giant barrel sponge) population on the Southeast Florida Reef Tract. Master's thesis. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, . (514) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/514. This Thesis is brought to you by the HCNSO Student Work at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thesis of Alanna D. Waldman Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science M.S. Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography July 2019 Approved: Thesis Committee Major Professor: David Gilliam, Ph.D. Committee Member: Jose Lopez, Ph.D. Committee Member: Charles Messing, Ph.D. This thesis is available at NSUWorks: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/514 HALMOS COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND OCEANOGRAPHY Spatial and temporal trends in the Xestospongia muta (giant barrel sponge) population on the Southeast Florida Reef Tract By Alanna Denbrook Waldman Submitted to the Faculty of Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science with a specialty in: Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University August 2019 Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... -
Geographical Variability in Antibacterial Chemical Defenses of the Caribbean Sponge Xestospongia Muta
University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) 2019 Geographical Variability in Antibacterial Chemical Defenses of the Caribbean Sponge Xestospongia muta Coleman Sisson University of Mississippi, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Part of the Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Sisson, Coleman, "Geographical Variability in Antibacterial Chemical Defenses of the Caribbean Sponge Xestospongia muta" (2019). Honors Theses. 1032. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/1032 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Geographical Variability in Antibacterial Chemical Defenses of the Caribbean Sponge Xestospongia muta by Coleman Riley Sisson A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford May 2019 Approved by ____________________________________ Advisor: Dr. Deborah Gochfeld ____________________________________ Reader: Dr. Marc Slattery ____________________________________ Reader: Dr. T. Kris Harrell ã 2019 Coleman Riley Sisson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you to the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College for all of the opportunities and learning that you have provided during my time at this university. You have helped to make my experience a memorable one and I wouldn’t change anything. Thank you to my advisors Dr. Deborah Gochfeld and Dr. Marc Slattery for your guidance and patience. Your support through this process means so much to me and allowed me to create a work that I can be proud of. -
Mollusks Background the Florida Keys Marine Ecosystem Supports a Diverse Fauna of Mollusks Belonging to Several Orders
2010 Quick Look Report: Miller et al. VII. Abundance and Size of Selected Mollusks Background The Florida Keys marine ecosystem supports a diverse fauna of mollusks belonging to several orders. Opisthobranch mollusks, for example, are represented by at least 30 species of sea slugs (Sacoglossa) and 23 species of nudibranchs (Nudibranchia) (Clark and DeFreese 1987; Levy et al. 1996), including at least three endemic species (Clark 1994). Data on the status and trends of mollusk populations and habitat utilization patterns in the Florida Keys, with the exception of queen conch (Strombus gigas), are generally limited (Marcus 1960; Jensen and Clark 1983; Clark and DeFreese 1987), as most previous studies have been qualitative in nature (Clark 1994; Trowbridge 2002). Clark (1994) noted a declining population trend for the lettuce sea slug, Elysia (Tridachia) crispata Mörch (see cladistic analyses in Gosliner 1995; Jensen 1996) in southern Florida, based upon qualitative comparisons of occurrence and population densities between 1969-80 and 1987-93. About 50% of the nearshore populations assessed by Clark (1994) nearly 17 years ago were declining due to habitat destruction, siltation, eutrophication, and over- collection, particularly evident in nearshore habitats. Since 2001, we have conducted intermittent surveys of various gastropod mollusk species in conjunction with assessments of other benthic variables. For example, we encountered unusually high densities of lettuce sea slugs among 63 shallow fore reef sites during June-September 2001. While sacoglossans are not particularly rare in many shallow-water marine habitats where densities correlate with algal biomass (Clarke and DeFreese 1987), our observations offshore were considered unusual because fleshy algal cover tends to be relatively low (Chiappone et al. -
California State University, Northridge an Ecological
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE AN ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TROPICAL CORAL REEF RESPONSES TO PAST AND PROJECTED DISTURBANCES A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology By Elizabeth Ann Lenz May 2014 The thesis of Elizabeth A. Lenz is approved by: Robert C. Carpenter, Ph.D. Date: Eric D. Sanford, Ph.D. Date: Mark A. Steele, Ph.D. Date: Peter J. Edmunds, Ph.D., Chair Date: California State University, Northridge ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Peter J. Edmunds first and foremost for being my fearless leader and advisor - for the incredible opportunities and invaluable mentorship he has provided to me as a graduate student in the Polyp Lab. I am ever so grateful for his guidance, endless caffeinated energy, constructive critiques, and dry British humor. I would also like to thank my loyal committee members Drs. Robert Carpenter and Mark Steele at CSUN for their availability and expert advise during this process. Their suggestions have greatly contributed to my thesis. I would not only like to acknowledge Dr. Eric Sanford from UC Davis for serving on my committee, but thank him for his incessant support throughout my career over the last 7 years. I will always admire his contagious enthusiasm for invertebrates, passion for scientific research, and unlimited knowledge about marine ecology. My research would not have been possible without the technical support and assistance from my colleagues in Moorea, French Polynesia and St. John, USVI. I am grateful to Dr. Lorenzo Bramanti, Dr. Steeve Comeau, Vince Moriarty, Nate Spindel, Emily Rivest, Christopher Wall, Darren Brown, Alexandre Yarid, Nicolas Evensen, Craig Didden, the VIERS staff, and undergraduate assistants: Kristin Privitera-Johnson and Amanda Arnold. -
Oxygen Requirements of the Earliest Animals
Oxygen requirements of the earliest animals Daniel B. Millsa,1,2, Lewis M. Warda,b,1, CarriAyne Jonesa,c, Brittany Sweetena, Michael Fortha, Alexander H. Treuscha, and Donald E. Canfielda,2 aDepartment of Biology and Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; bDepartment of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and cDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3 Contributed by Donald E. Canfield, January 14, 2014 (sent for review August 26, 2013) A rise in the oxygen content of the atmosphere and oceans is one 0.36% PAL, depending primarily on the organism’s length, of the most popular explanations for the relatively late and abrupt width, and possession of a vascular system (19). For example, appearance of animal life on Earth. In this scenario, Earth’s surface although an animal limited by pure diffusion for its internal environment failed to meet the high oxygen requirements of ani- oxygen supply is estimated to require 10% PAL to reach milli- mals up until the middle to late Neoproterozoic Era (850–542 mil- meter width (15), a diffusion-limited, 600-μm-long by 25-μm- lion years ago), when oxygen concentrations sufficiently rose to wide worm is estimated to require ∼0.36% PAL, with a 3-mm- permit the existence of animal life for the first time. Although long by 67-μm-wide worm with a circulatory system requiring multiple lines of geochemical evidence support an oxygenation only ∼0.14% PAL (19). Therefore, these estimates suggest that of the Ediacaran oceans (635–542 million years ago), roughly cor- early animals, in general, may have had relatively low oxygen responding with the first appearance of metazoans in the fossil requirements. -
Chemical and Bioactive Diversities of Marine Sponge Neopetrosia Mini
A Journal of the Bangladesh Pharmacological Society (BDPS) Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2016; 11: 433-452 Journal homepage: www.banglajol.info Abstracted/indexed in Academic Search Complete, Asia Journals Online, Bangladesh Journals Online, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Current Abstracts, Directory of Open Access Journals, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Google Scholar, HINARI (WHO), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Open J-gate, Science Citation Index Expanded, SCOPUS and Social Sciences Citation Index; ISSN: 1991-0088 review - Chemical and bioactive diversities of marine sponge Neopetrosia Mini Haitham Qaralleh Department of Medical Support, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Karak University College, Al-Karak, Jordan. Article Info Abstract Received: 26 January 2016 The marine sponge Neopetrosia contains about 27 species that is highly Accepted: 21 March 2016 distributed in Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean Sea) and Pacific Available Online: 3 April 2016 Ocean. It has proven to be valuable to the discovery of medicinal products DOI: 10.3329/bjp.v11i2.26611 due to the presence of various types of compounds with variable bio- activities. More than 85 compounds including alkaloids, quinones, sterols and terpenoids were isolated from this genus. Moreover, the crude extracts and Cite this article: the isolated compounds revealed activities such as antimicrobial, anti-fouling, Qaralleh H. Chemical and bioactive anti-HIV, cytotoxic, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-protozoal, anti-inflamma- diversities of the marine sponge Neo- tory. Because only 9 out of 27 species of the genus Neopetrosia have been petrosia. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. chemically studied thus far, there are significant opportunities to find out new 2016; 11: 433-52. chemical constituents from this genus.