DOCSLIB.ORG

Sina Morufu Omosowon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE ENANTIOPHYLLUM CLADE OF DIOSCOREA IN AFRICA: SYSTEMATICS, DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT Sina Morufu Omosowon A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London March 2018 1 Copyright Statement The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives licence. Researchers are free to copy, distribute or transmit the thesis on the condition that they attribute it, that they do not use it for commercial purposes and that they do not alter, transform or build upon it. For any reuse or distribution, researchers must make clear to others the licence terms of this work. 2 ABSTRACT Yams belong to the Dioscorea L. which is by far the largest genus in Dioscoreaceae with over 600 species and the fourth most important tuber crop in economic terms after potatoes, cassava and sweet potatoes. Yams are important food plants in many parts of the world, especially in West Africa, which produces about 93% of the World production. Dioscorea cayennensis and D. rotundata, which are collectively referred to as Guinea yams, are the most important cultivated yams native to Africa. Guinea yams belong to the Enantiophyllum clade which contains species with stems twining to the right. Despite the importance of Guinea yams, their relationship within the clade is poorly understood. In order trace the wild ancestors of the Guinea yams, a phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data from six plastid genes using 46 accessions of Dioscorea containing 12 of the 21 species of Enantiophyllum in Africa was carried out. Results showed that D. baya, D. praehensilis and D. abyssinica are the closest wild relatives of the Guinea yams. I also reconstructed ancestral morphological characters states for the African Dioscorea in the Enantiophyllum clade to understand how characters have evolved over time. It was revealed that morphological character diversity is a product of evolutionary changes. The current and potential impacts of climate change on the habitat distribution of Dioscorea in Africa were also evaluated to establish the actual and potential areas of occurrence for proper conservation planning. Dioscorea cotinifolia, D. praehensilis and D. schimperiana are shown to likely be affected by climate change. An IUCN Red List assessment was also performed to know the threat status and population trend of the wild African Enantiophyllum species of Dioscorea to identify species that needs immediate conservation management. All assessed species are classified as Least Concern (LC). 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I give thanks to ALLAH (S.W.T) for His mercies in my life to complete yet another programme and for His provisions and protection. My profound gratitude goes to my supervisors, Dr. PAUL WILKIN, Prof. TIMOHTY BARRACLOUGH and Dr. FELIX FOREST for their supports and guidance throughout the course of this project, may God reward them abundantly. This project wouldn’t have been possible without your patience and enthusiasm which has always encouraged me even when I am down. I also appreciate the precious time you dedicated to me to make this thesis a reality. I am extremely lucky to be one of your trainees. Many thanks go JUAN VIRUEL, RICHARD ALLEN, DION DEVEY, LASZLO CSIBA and PENNY MALAKASI for their contributions, supports and encouragement throughout this course of this project. I’m immensely grateful to my guardian and confidant, Prof. A. A. JAYEOLA for his fatherly-love and support throughout the course of this programme, I pray that God spares his life to reap the fruit of his labour. In addition, my gratitude goes to my sweetheart and wife, Mrs. OMOSOWON FATHIA for her words of encouragement and prayer throughout the course of this work, may we live together forever in peace and harmony. I also thank my daughter INAAYA for being a source of inspiration since coming into my life. My sincere appreciation to the government of Nigeria for funding this project under the PRESSID scheme. I also give thanks to Global Relief Fund of Imperial College London for providing financial aid which makes me to be able to complete this thesis. I dedicate this thesis to my mother GBONJUBOLA ARIKE, though you have passed on but you have strongly prepared me ahead for challenges of life. Continue to rest in peace. 4 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I hereby declare that this thesis is the result of my own work, it doesn’t include any work done in collaboration with or by others, except where specifically stated and this was appropriately referenced. In all cases, primary contributions, data analysis, interpretations and writing were performed by myself under the supervision of Prof. Timothy Barraclough, Dr. Paul Wilkin and Dr. Felix Forest. 5 Table of Contents Copyright Statement ................................................................................................................ 2 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 4 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................................................... 5 Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... 9 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ 12 CHAPTER ONE:INTRODUCTION TO THE GENUS DIOSCOREA, FOCUSSING ON CULTIVATED TAXA AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES ............................................................... 13 Distribution and uses of the genus Dioscorea ................................................ 13 Dioscorea species as food sources ................................................................... 13 Yams as sources of toxins and medicines ........................................................ 16 Yam as sources of income ................................................................................ 17 Yam as sources of income in West Africa ....................................................... 18 Culture and yams ............................................................................................. 20 Cultivated yams ................................................................................................22 Systematic history of Dioscorea ....................................................................... 24 Infrageneric systematics of Dioscorea ............................................................. 27 Linnaean taxonomic origins ............................................................................. 27 Kunth (1850) ................................................................................................... 27 Harms and Uline (1898) ................................................................................... 28 Knuth (1924) .................................................................................................... 28 Prain and Burkill (1939, 1938) .......................................................................... 28 Huber (1998) .................................................................................................... 29 Wilkin et al. (2005) ........................................................................................... 29 Viruel et al. (2015) ........................................................................................... 30 The Enantiophyllum clade: Systematic review ................................................. 31 Concept of Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs)........................................................... 34 Importance of CWRs in the context of Dioscorea and cultivated yams ........... 36 Approaches to identifying CWR of important economic crops ....................... 37 6 DNA Sequence data ......................................................................................... 38 Aims and Objectives of thesis ........................................................................... 38 CHAPTER TWO: Phylogenetics of Guinea yams and their wild relatives .................................. 40 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................. 42 Taxon Sampling ................................................................................................ 42 DNA extraction, Amplification and Sequencing ............................................... 42 Phylogenetic analyses ...................................................................................... 47 Dating analyses ................................................................................................ 48 Hypothesizing the Gene pool concept ............................................................. 49 RESULTS............................................................................................................ 49 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................... 54 Phylogenetic relationships ............................................................................... 54 Hypothesizing the Gene Pool concept on the Enantiophyllum clade ............... 56 CHAPTER THREE: Ancestral
Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."

    "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."

    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
  • Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE

    Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE

    Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus.
  • Behavior of Various Types of Seeds of Two Species of Yams Tuber (Dioscorea Cayenensis Lam

    Behavior of Various Types of Seeds of Two Species of Yams Tuber (Dioscorea Cayenensis Lam

    International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science (ISSN: 2251-0044) Vol. 5(2) pp. 58-66, February 2015 DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.14303/irjas.2015.025 Available online http://www.interesjournals.org/IRJAS Copyright © 2015 International Research Journals Full Length Research Paper Behavior of various types of seeds of two species of yams tuber (Dioscorea cayenensis Lam. and Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) in Gabon *Ondo Ovono Paul1, Kevers Claire2, Dommes Jacques2 1Unit of Agrobiology Research, Higher National Institute of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, B.P. 941, Masuku, Gabon. 2Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Unit, B-22, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B 22, 4000 Liège, Belgium. Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Low multiplication ratio of yam and scarcity of planting materials are major constraints militating against sustainable yam production. In order to evaluate the behavior of the four various types of seeds of two species of yams Dioscorea cayenensis and Dioscorea rotundata, cultivated on the experimental ground of the Higher National Institute of Agronomy and Biotechnology (INSAB), a test was realized in a randomized complete block design with six replications. The samples were cut and three levels of each tuber were used: proximal, medial and distal parts of the tuber. The fragments of tuber and the whole tuber represent the various types of seed used in this work. The results showed significant (P<0.05) differences in number of plants emerged and time of emergence in a mixture of 40% soil and 60% sand three months and half after planting.
  • Dense Wild Yam Patches Established by Hunter-Gatherer Camps: Beyond the Wild Yam Question, Toward the Historical Ecology of Rainforests

    Dense Wild Yam Patches Established by Hunter-Gatherer Camps: Beyond the Wild Yam Question, Toward the Historical Ecology of Rainforests

    Hum Ecol DOI 10.1007/s10745-013-9574-z Dense Wild Yam Patches Established by Hunter-Gatherer Camps: Beyond the Wild Yam Question, Toward the Historical Ecology of Rainforests Hirokazu Yasuoka # The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Introduction Hladik and Dounias (1993), and Sato (2001, 2006) argued that for the Aka and Baka in the western Congo Basin Prior to the 1980s, most researchers believed that the African enough wild yams existed for their subsistence. These stud- forest hunter-gatherers, or Pygmies, were the original inhabitants ies were principally based on investigations of the density of of the central African rainforests. It was assumed that their close wild yams, and lacked detailed descriptions of the use of social, economic, and ecological relationships with neighboring wild yams. Therefore, the issue of whether exploitation of agricultural societies did not date back long, and that they had wild yams, including searching for them, digging them up, previously lived solely through foraging wild forest products. transporting them to the camp, and cooking and consuming The same is true for forest hunter-gatherers on other continents. them, could have been practiced in everyday life remains However, Headland (1987) and Bailey et al.(1989)noted inconclusive (cf. Bailey and Headland 1991). that no previous studies had produced sound evidence that pure Archaeological studies have provided powerful evidence hunter-gatherer subsistence was possible in any rainforests indicating the existence of humans in the African rainforests worldwide, and they argued that it was not, and had never been, before the beginning of agriculture (Mercader 2003a, b; possible to live in such areas while solely depending on wild Mercader and Martí 2003).
  • Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012

    Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012

    Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2012 Edition Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist and John Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org Table of Contents LIST FORMAT ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 NORTH CAROLINA RARE PLANT LIST ......................................................................................................................... 10 NORTH CAROLINA PLANT WATCH LIST ..................................................................................................................... 71 Watch Category
  • BID Africa 2017 – Small Grant Template Final Narrative Report

    BID Africa 2017 – Small Grant Template Final Narrative Report

    <BID project id> <Start and end date of the reporting period> BID Africa 2017 – Small Grant Template Final narrative report Instructions Fill the template below with relevant information. please indicate the reason of the delay and expected date of completion. Use the information included in your project Full proposal (reproduced in annex III of your BID contract) as a baseline from which to complete this template The information provided below must correspond to the financial information that appears in the financial report Sources of verification are for example direct links to relevant digital documents, news/newsletters, brochures, copies of agreements with data holding institutions, workshop related documents, pictures, etc. Please provide access to all mentioned sources of verification by either providing direct link or sending a copy of the documents. This report must first be sent as a Word document to [email protected] and be pre-approved by GBIFS Once this report is pre-approved in writing by GBIFS, it must be signed by the BID project coordinator and sent by post to: The Global Biodiversity Information Facility Secretariat (GBIFS) Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark Template 1. Table of Contents 1. Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... 1 2. Project Information..................................................................................................... 3 3. Overview of results ...................................................................................................
  • Plant Production--Root Vegetables--Yams Yams

    Plant Production--Root Vegetables--Yams Yams

    AU.ENCI FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVILOPME4T FOR AID USE ONLY WASHINGTON. 0 C 20823 A. PRIMARYBIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET I. SUBJECT Bbliography Z-AFOO-1587-0000 CL ASSI- 8 SECONDARY FICATIDN Food production and nutrition--Plant production--Root vegetables--Yams 2. TITLE AND SUBTITLE A bibliography of yams and the genus Dioscorea 3. AUTHOR(S) Lawani,S.M.; 0dubanjo,M.0. 4. DOCUMENT DATE IS. NUMBER OF PAGES 6. ARC NUMBER 1976 J 199p. ARC 7. REFERENCE ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS IITA 8. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (Sponaoring Ordanization, Publlahera, Availability) (No annotations) 9. ABSTRACT This bibliography on yams bring together the scattered literature on the genus Dioscorea from the early nineteenth century through 1975. The 1,562 entries in this bibliography are grouped into 36 subject categories, and arranged within each category alphabetically by author. Some entries, particularly those whose titles are not sufficiently informative, are annotated. The major section titles in the book are as follows: general and reference works; history and eography; social and cultural importance; production and economics; botany including taxonomy, genetics, and breeding); yam growing (including fertilizers and plant nutrition); pests and diseases; storage; processing; chemical composition, nutritive value, and utilization; toxic and pharmacologically active constituents; author index; and subject index. Most entries are in English, with a few in French, Spanish, or German. 10. CONTROL NUMBER I1. PRICE OF DOCUMENT PN-AAC-745 IT. DrSCRIPTORS 13. PROJECT NUMBER Sweet potatoes Yams 14. CONTRACT NUMBER AID/ta-G-1251 GTS 15. TYPE OF DOCUMENT AID 590-1 44-741 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF YAMS AND THE GENUS DIOSCOREA by S.
  • Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

    Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 52: 1-415 Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Editors Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez and Mark T. Strong Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Washington, DC 2005 ABSTRACT Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro and Mark T. Strong. Monocots and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 52: 415 pages (including 65 figures). The present treatment constitutes an updated revision for the monocotyledon and gymnosperm flora (excluding Orchidaceae and Poaceae) for the biogeographical region of Puerto Rico (including all islets and islands) and the Virgin Islands. With this contribution, we fill the last major gap in the flora of this region, since the dicotyledons have been previously revised. This volume recognizes 33 families, 118 genera, and 349 species of Monocots (excluding the Orchidaceae and Poaceae) and three families, three genera, and six species of gymnosperms. The Poaceae with an estimated 89 genera and 265 species, will be published in a separate volume at a later date. When Ackerman’s (1995) treatment of orchids (65 genera and 145 species) and the Poaceae are added to our account of monocots, the new total rises to 35 families, 272 genera and 759 species. The differences in number from Britton’s and Wilson’s (1926) treatment is attributed to changes in families, generic and species concepts, recent introductions, naturalization of introduced species and cultivars, exclusion of cultivated plants, misdeterminations, and discoveries of new taxa or new distributional records during the last seven decades.
  • Plant Species and Functional Diversity Along Altitudinal Gradients, Southwest Ethiopian Highlands

    Plant Species and Functional Diversity Along Altitudinal Gradients, Southwest Ethiopian Highlands

    Plant Species and Functional Diversity along Altitudinal Gradients, Southwest Ethiopian Highlands Dissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. rer. nat. Vorgelegt der Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften der Universität Bayreuth von Herrn Desalegn Wana Dalacho geb. am 08. 08. 1973, Äthiopien Bayreuth, den 27. October 2009 Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde in dem Zeitraum von April 2006 bis October 2009 an der Universität Bayreuth unter der Leitung von Professor Dr. Carl Beierkuhnlein erstellt. Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften der Universität Bayreuth zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften genehmigten Dissertation. Prüfungsausschuss 1. Prof. Dr. Carl Beierkuhnlein (1. Gutachter) 2. Prof. Dr. Sigrid Liede-Schumann (2. Gutachter) 3. PD. Dr. Gregor Aas (Vorsitz) 4. Prof. Dr. Ludwig Zöller 5. Prof. Dr. Björn Reineking Datum der Einreichung der Dissertation: 27. 10. 2009 Datum des wissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums: 21. 12. 2009 Contents Summary 1 Zusammenfassung 3 Introduction 5 Drivers of Diversity Patterns 5 Deconstruction of Diversity Patterns 9 Threats of Biodiversity Loss in the Ttropics 10 Objectives, Research Questions and Hypotheses 12 Synopsis 15 Thesis Outline 15 Synthesis and Conclusions 17 References 21 Acknowledgments 27 List of Manuscripts and Specification of Own Contribution 30 Manuscript 1 Plant Species and Growth Form Richness along Altitudinal Gradients in the Southwest Ethiopian Highlands 32 Manuscript 2 The Relative Abundance of Plant Functional Types along Environmental Gradients in the Southwest Ethiopian highlands 54 Manuscript 3 Land Use/Land Cover Change in the Southwestern Ethiopian Highlands 84 Manuscript 4 Climate Warming and Tropical Plant Species – Consequences of a Potential Upslope Shift of Isotherms in Southern Ethiopia 102 List of Publications 135 Declaration/Erklärung 136 Summary Summary Understanding how biodiversity is organized across space and time has long been a central focus of ecologists and biogeographers.
  • Adaptation of Plants Derived from Cultivated Yam of Dioscorea Cayenensis–D

    Adaptation of Plants Derived from Cultivated Yam of Dioscorea Cayenensis–D

    Adaptation of plants derived from cultivated yam of Dioscorea cayenensis–D. rotundata complex species seeds germination in two agroecological zones of Benin Assaba Idossou Elie 1, *, Yolou Mounirou 1, Bello Saliou 3, Babalakoun Adonis 1, Tiama Djakaridja 2 and Zoundjihekpon Jeanne 1 1 Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey–Calavi, (LGE/FAST/UAC), BP 4521 Cotonou, Republic of Benin. 2 Biosciences Laboratory, Genetics and Plant Improvement Team, UFR / SVT, Joseph KI ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. 3 Agricultural Research Center of South-Benin, National Agricultural Research Institute of Benin (CRA-Sud/ INRAB). World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021, 09(03), 027–041 Publication history: Received on 06 January 2021; revised on 15 February 2021; accepted on 17 February 2021 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.3.0019 Abstract Vegetative propagation of plants promotes the accumulation of viruses in plant material; this causes the loss of vigor and consequently the drop of vegetable yield. Keep up productivity level of vegetatively propagated plants; it is therefore important to regenerate genetic material by sexual reproduction to improve the biodiversity. The main objective of this study is to improve yam seeds by sexual way, specifically to assess the response of seedlings from yam seeds in two agroecological areas, area IV (Djougou), in Sudanese climate and area V (Bantè), in transition climate. Seedling were transplanted in this agroecological areas using a completely Randomized design with three replications. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA at 5% level of significance and a mean comparison test.
  • Colicroot Aletris Farinosa

    Colicroot Aletris Farinosa

    COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Colicroot Aletris farinosa in Canada ENDANGERED 2015 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2015. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Colicroot Aletris farinosa in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xiii + 39 pp. (http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/default_e.cfm). Previous report(s): COSEWIC 2000. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the colicroot Alextris farinosa in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 8 pp. White, D.J., and M.J. Oldham. 2000. Update COSEWIC status report on the colicroot Aletris farinosa in Canada in COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the colicroot Aletris farinosa in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 1-8 pp. Kirk, D.A. 1988. COSEWIC status report on the colicroot Aletris farinosa in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 39 pp. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Judith Jones (Winter Spider Eco-Consulting) for writing the status report on Colicroot, Aletris farinosa, in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada. This report was overseen and edited by Bruce Bennett, Co-chair of the COSEWIC Vascular Plants Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-938-4125 Fax: 819-938-3984 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur L’alétris farineux (Aletris farinosa) au Canada.
  • Human Breast Tumour Cells Viability Effect of African Dioscorea Rotundata Tuber Extracts in Mcf-7 and Mda-Mb231 Cell Lines

    Human Breast Tumour Cells Viability Effect of African Dioscorea Rotundata Tuber Extracts in Mcf-7 and Mda-Mb231 Cell Lines

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.084269; this version posted May 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 HUMAN BREAST TUMOUR CELLS VIABILITY EFFECT OF AFRICAN DIOSCOREA ROTUNDATA TUBER EXTRACTS IN MCF-7 AND MDA-MB231 CELL LINES. Joy Ifunanya Odimegwu*, Ph.D.; Olukemi Abiodun Odukoya*, PhD.; Alejandro Español**, PhD.; Maria Elena Sales**, PhD. *Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine Campus, University of Lagos. NIGERIA and **Laboratory of Tumor Immunopharmacology, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO)-CONICET. School of Medicine. University of Buenos Aires. Argentina. Corresponding author: Dr. Joy Ifunanya Odimegwu, PMB 12003 Idiaraba, Lagos. NIGERIA +234 8170140519. [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0001-7398-1311 Co-author email addresses: Prof. Olukemi Abiodun Odukoya; [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-0904-0610 Dr. Alejandro Español; [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0001-8222-4259 Prof. Maria Elena Sales; [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0001-5086-0007 Funding: University of Lagos, NIGERIA. Tertiary Education Trust Fund [TETFUND 2015]. Third World Academy of Sience-United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [TWAS-UNESCO] Fellowship, Centro de Estudios Farmacologico y Botanicos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [CEFYBO-CONICET], Buenos Aires, Argentina. The funding organisations noted here played no roles in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript. Acknowledgement: We wish to thank TETFUND, TWAS-UNESCO for the research fellowship offered to Dr.