Volume 6, Issue 2 - 2018 SPECTRA Is a Graduate Student-Run, Peer Reviewed Scholarly Journal Hosted at Virginia Tech
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Volume 6, Issue 2 - 2018 SPECTRA is a graduate student-run, peer reviewed scholarly journal hosted at Virginia Tech. The journal features interdisciplinary work and provides an academic forum to explore controversial topics and take intellectual risks. Its aim is to highlight the power of interdisciplinary work and provide a platform for scholars to work across disciplines and experiment methodologically. SPECTRA accepts scholarly submissions from graduate-students, early career professionals, and established thinkers. SPECTRA welcomes critically oriented articles, book reviews, film and popular culture reviews, artwork, and interviews. We encourage submissions from the humanities, and social sciences advancing theoretical work. SPECTRA publishes bi-annually. Please see the current call for papers for details regarding how to submit. The journal will, on occasion solicit submissions for thematically focused special issues. Editors: Mario Khreiche Shelby Ward Caroline Alphin Cover Image: Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library. "Laplander." New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed September 7, 2018. http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47da-dc9d-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 1 Issue 6.1, Fall 2018 Table of Contents Introduction: Letter from the Editors ......................................................................................................................................3 Caroline Alphin, Mario Khreiche, Shelby Ward Interviews: Critiquing Resilience: Interview with Julian Reid ............................................................................................5 Caroline Alphin, Mario Khreiche, Shelby Ward Research: “Think You Right: I Am Not What I Am”: Dialectical Self-Overcoming and the Concept of Resilience .........................................................................................................................................................20 Benjamin Taylor Essays: Making Sense of Resilient Life at the International Center of Photography Museum in New York City ..................................................................................................................................................................37 Francois Debrix Spinning Anthropocenarios: Climate Change Narratives as Geopolitics in the Late Holocene.................... 42 Timothy Luke Articles: Biocolonialism: Examining Biopiracy, Inequality, and Power ......................................................................58 Ashleigh Breske The Stories We Tell: Toward a Feminist Narrative in the Anthropocene .....................................................74 E. McKagen 2 Letter from the Editors Caroline Alphin, Shelby Ward, and Mario Khreiche ASPECT, Virginia Tech, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Blacksburg, Virginia September 2018 Dear SPECTRA Readers, In recent years, the discourse around resilience has generated controversy among activists and scholars. Construed as adaptability and capacity to resist external pressures, resilience has often been rendered an admirable feature of indigenous populations, readily appropriable to neoliberal narratives and practices. In this context, Julian Reid has advanced a critical intervention in the discourse, challenging the pervasive assumption that resilience is an unequivocally desirable quality and, ultimately, questioning whether it remains a useful concept today. SPECTRA decided to dedicate issue 6.2 to the topic of resilience, not so much to resolve the question, but rather to present resilience as a multilayered term interfacing with global struggles, precarious subjectivities, and aesthetic representations. First is an interview with Julian Reid who discusses his influences, milestones, and latest projects with the SPECTRA team. Ben Taylor, in response to Reid’s work, offers a philosophical account of resilience as a dialectic, thus rehabilitating the concept. For Taylor, “the creative subject requires a subject capable of first resisting that which threatens to overwhelm it so that it can move onto more vibrant modes of being: it requires the resilient subject.” Francois Debrix reflects on Reid’s critique by reviewing two recent exhibits at the International Center of Photography Museum in New York City to place the concept of resilience in the contemporary context of human insecurity and violence. Debrix shows how the notion of resilient life is uncritically espoused by some contemporary artists and photographers. Timothy Luke investigates the potentially neo-Orientalist narratives at work in the geopolitics of the Anthropocene, specifically as a continued “Occidentalist cartography for mapping embedded cultural, economic and political inequalities with technological, racial or ethnonational coordinates.” As the analysis of the Anthropocene considers machine technology, European culture, and capitalist modernity nearly without exception, Luke challenges the notion that the Anthropocene unfolds purely based on scientific evidence, showing that its narrative fits along the assumptions of ethnic, racial, and technological lines. 3 Ashleigh Breske discusses practices of biopiracy as part of a global regime in which patents and intellectual property function as a technologically-mediated continuation of colonialism. In her article, Breske shows how “the western legal system and international intellectual property law have commodified indigenous knowledge and traditional resources.” Moreover, Breske suggests that “theories on biocolonialism allows us to see how biopiracy has commodified traditional resources and indigenous knowledge by transnational corporations under neoliberal economic practices.” And finally, Leigh McKagen casts a critical light on heroism in the Anthropocene, while advancing her own reading of Donna Haraway’s notion of “making kin.” Following Haraway’s suggestion that “it matters what stories tell stories,” McKagen acknowledges the potential in more multispecies collaborative stories in regards to a feminist narrative of the Anthropocene. However, McKagen also situates the limitations of Haraway’s position by considering the continued legacies of imperialism and coloniality within Western ideas of modernity, which, largely, get left out of Haraway’s own reading. In other news, SPECTRA is pleased to announce that Shelby Ward and Mario Khreiche have successfully completed their tenures as co-editors, an experience they consider to be as instructive as it was rewarding. Going forward, Caroline Alphin will direct the journal’s affairs as the new editor. She will be assisted by incoming editors elect Emma Stamm and Robert Flahive. SPECTRA readers may look forward to the team’s future efforts. Lastly, SPECTRA would like to thank all authors, reviewers, advisory board members, ASPECT faculty, the Virginia Tech Library, and VT Publishing for making this issue possible. We would also like to thank the Global Forum on Urban and Regional Resilience for facilitating the interview with Julian Reid. 4 Critiquing Resilience: Interview with Julian Reid Julian Reid International Relations, University of Lapland, [email protected] Interviewers for SPECTRA Caroline Alphin, ASPECT, Virginia Tech, [email protected] Mario Khreiche, ASPECT, Virginia Tech, [email protected] Shelby Ward, ASPECT, Virginia Tech, [email protected] Alexander Stubberfield, ASPECT, Virginia Tech, [email protected] Transcription Caroline Alphin SPECTRA met with Julian Reid at Virginia Tech on September 12, 2017. During the interview, we talk to Julian about his perspectives on resilience, sovereignty, political theory, academic life, writing, and the arts. Julian Reid is Professor of International Relations at the University of Lapland in Finland. He has made contributions to cultural, postcolonial, and poststructuralist thought, especially to debates on war, biopolitics and resilience. Some of his recent publications include Resilient Life: The Art of Living Dangerously (co-authored with Brad Evans, 2014) and The Neoliberal Subject: Resilience, Adaptation and Vulnerability (co-authored with David Chandler, 2016). Among his edited collections is Deleuze & Fascism (with Brad Evans, 2013). Shelby: So, to start off, maybe we can ask, how do you understand your work as interdisciplinary, and how do you find that productive in the things that you look at? Julian: That’s a good question. I think one of the things I would observe straight away is that it has changed over time. I was a graduate student in the late 90s, and international studies (IS) was this home, which, I think, was struggling. It didn’t really recognize itself as being an interdisciplinary space, but pretty much disciplinary or subdisciplinary, in terms of its relationship to political science, and it still remains very hard to not to teach International Relations (IR) or IS, without relating the whole story of political science to the wars. Nevertheless, it has served its function of allowing me to, pretty much from the beginning, approach the world from non-disciplinary perspectives because when I was getting into the academy in the 90s, I was really interested in a range of different things, you know, eclectically arranged subjects and texts and theories. I was very much interested in war, and the theory of war was fascinating to me. I was into Clausewitz, but I was also reading Nietzsche and German philosophy, and it was within that space, where I had my first encounter with Foucault, which was incredibly influential for me, and my thesis, especially. And it remains