Milan Rastislav Štefánik
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Eclipse Science Results: Past and Present
The Last Total Solar Eclipse of the Mil lennium in Turkey ASP Conference Series Vol W Livingston and A Ozgu c eds Eclipse Science Results Past and Present W Livingston National Solar Observatory NOAO PO Box Tucson AZ USA S Koutchmy Institut dAstrophysique de ParisCNRS Bis Boulevard Arago F Paris France Abstract We review the signicant advances that havebeenachieved by eclipse exp eriments First we note the anomaly that the corona was not even seen until relatively mo dern times Beginning in whitelight WL photographs suggested structures that must have b een dominated by magnetic elds This led to the disco very of surface magnetism in sunsp ots by Hale in the rst detection of cosmic magnetism Deli cate direct photographic observations conrmed the b ending of starlight near the eclipsed Sun as predicted by Einsteins General Theory of Rela tivity Chromospheric ash sp ectra indicated that the outer layer of the Sun was much hotter than the underlying photosphere leading to non lo cal thermo dynamic equilibrium concepts and the idea of various me chanical and wave pro cesses to maintain it Decades have been devoted to understanding the corona Discovery of its million degree plus tem p erature and guring howto heat it how co ol prominences can coexist within it all are topics to which eclipse observations havecontributed Totality without a Corona Eclipses have b een chronicled for o ver years but the corona escap ed b eing noticed until mo dern times The single exception Leonis Deaconis in AD mentions a certain dull and feeble glow -
Helium Mrs. Ahng the Second Lightest Element on Earth, Helium Is One Of
Helium Mrs. Ahng The second lightest element on Earth, Helium is one of the most important elements in our universe. It is the reason that we have sunlight, it makes balloons float, and used to cool down nuclear reactors. Although it is a simple noble gas with only two protons and two electrons, it is a powerful and essential resource. Discovered in1868 by astronomer Pierre Janssen while studying a solar eclipse; he noticed a yellow line around sun that had a wavelength that he had not seen before. English Astronomer Sir Norman Lockyer later named the element after the Greek word “Helios”, making the connection to how it was discovered. Helium only makes ups less than 1% of Earth’s atmosphere because of how light it is. It’s atomic mass is only 4.003, so the surrounding air is heavier than helium. An example of the difference in mass can be seen when comparing a helium filled balloon to a balloon filled with a mixture of atmospheric gases. The mass of the mixture is much heavier, and therefore is more effected by gravitational pull. Helium is found mostly in space in the core of stars, but it was also found on Earth in 1895 trapped underground. Scientists believe that the Helium that we harvest today was created during the creation of the universe, or the “Big Bang”. Only two electrons energize one orbital for this element, giving us the popular image for all atoms. With the outer orbital shell full, the element is referred to as inert and nonreactive. -
EPSC2015-913, 2015 European Planetary Science Congress 2015 Eeuropeapn Planetarsy Science Ccongress C Author(S) 2015
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 10, EPSC2015-913, 2015 European Planetary Science Congress 2015 EEuropeaPn PlanetarSy Science CCongress c Author(s) 2015 The “Station de Planétologie des Pyrénées” (S2P), a collaborative science program in the course of a long history at Pic du Midi observatory. F. Colas (1), A. Klotz (2), F. Vachier (1), M. Birlan (1), B. Sicardy (3), J. Lecacheux (3), M. Antuna (6), R. Behrend (4), C. Birnbaum (6), G. Blanchard (6), C. Buil (4,5), J. Caquel (6), M. Castets (5), C. Cavadore (4), B. Christophe (6), F. Cochard (4), J.L. Dauvergne (6), F. Deladerriere (6), M. Delcroix (6), V. Denoux (4), J.B. DeVanssay (6), P. Devechere (6), P. Dupouy (5), E. Frappa (6), S. Fauvaud (5), B. Gaillard (6), F. Jabet (6), M. Lavayssiere (6), T. Legault (6), A. Leroy (5), A. Maury (6), M. Meunier (6), C. Pellier (6), C. Rinner (4), E. Rolland (6), O. Stenuit (6), I. Testar (6), P. Thierry (4), O. Thizy (4), B. Tregon (5), F. Vaissiere (4), S. Vauclair (6), C. Viladrich (6), C. Angeli (6), J.E. Arlot (1), M. Assafin (28), D. Bancelin (1), D. Baratoux (29), N. Barrado-Izagirre (8), M.A. Barucci (3), L. Beauvalet (9), P. Bendjoya (13), J. Berthier (1), N. Biver (3), D. Bockelee-Morvan (3), D. Berard (3), S. Bouley (10), S. Bouquillon (9), P. Bourget (11), F. Bragas- Ribas (7), J. Camargo (7), B. Carry (1), S. Chevrel (2), M; Chevreton, (3), P. Colom (3), J. Crovisier (3), J. Demars (1), R. Despiau (2), P. Descamps (1), N. Dolez (2), A. -
78 Gina Greene Gina Greene
78 Gina Greene Gina Greene Eiffel’s Apartment and the Architecture of Dreams [T]he three friends returned to their slumbers. Could they have found a calmer or more peaceful spot to sleep in? On the earth, houses, towns, cottages, and country feel every shock given to the exterior of the globe. On sea, the vessels rocked by the waves are still in motion; in the air, the balloon oscillates incessantly on the fluid strata of divers densities. This projectile alone, floating in perfect space, in the midst of perfect silence, offered perfect repose. --Jules Verne, From the Earth to the Moon, 18901 Who among us, in his idle hours, has not taken a delicious pleasure in constructing for himself a model apartment, a dream house, a house of dreams? --Charles Baudelaire, 18522 In 1890, the year after the Eiffel Tower opened as the centerpiece of the Paris Exposition Universelle, writer Henri Girard declared, in a small volume dedicated to La Tour Eiffel de Trois Cent Métres,that its designer, Gustave Eiffel, had become “the object of general envy” amongst the denizens of Paris [Fig.1].3 This envy, according to Girard, was inspired not by the fame that had accrued upon its designer, or the fortune the tower generated but, rather, from a single design feature he had built into the plan. Eiffel had installed a private apartment at the summit of his colossal tower to which he alone had access. 80 Gina Greene Unlike the rest of the tower, the apartment was not notable for its iterations of wrought iron modernity and technological prowess. -
February 2014 the Newsletter of the Barnard-Seyfert Astronomical Society
February TheECLIPSE 2014 The Newsletter of the Barnard-Seyfert Astronomical Society From the President Next Membership Meeting: February 19, 2014, 7:30 pm Cumberland Valley Professionals vs. amateurs… the distinctions have Girl Scout Council Building blurred over the years in different ways. There was 4522 Granny White Pike a time when mere money could get you the gear to have a professional observatory. Many large Program Topic: telescopes were built with private funds by Joshua Emery - interested individuals… think of William Hershel and the “Don Quixote” object (details on page 5) Percival Lowell. Then amateurs were pushed aside by large scale photography and the truly large telescopes that needed institutions to care for and run them… like the Mt. Wilson and Mt. Palomar observatories. Expensive ccd cameras, exotic cooling, the computing power needed even after In this Issue: glass plates were replaced put meaningful observations out of reach of amateurs. Then with President’s Message 1 the advent of the personal computer and digital Observing Highlights 2 cameras, the playing field was leveled by computers that anyone could own, low noise digital Happy Birthday, cameras and powerful software. Bernard Ferdinand Lyot by Robin Byrne 3Today, you can take the hobby or second life in astronomy as far as you wish, in partnership with Board Meeting Minutes January 8, 2014 6professionals. On any given clear night, enthusiasts around the world are recording not just pretty Membership Meeting Minutes pictures, but data. Our sheer numbers allow us to January 15, 2013 9look at things in depth and at a frequency not possible if we depended just on the large research Membership Information 10 telescopes. -
CIRCULAR No. 163 (OCTOBER 2007)
INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION COMMISSION 26 (DOUBLE STARS) INFORMATION CIRCULAR No. 163 (OCTOBER 2007) NEW ORBITS ADS Name P T e (2000) 2007 Author(s) ®2000± n a i ! Last ob. 2008 450 A 111 AB 21y38 1947.17 0.020 104±5 156±7 000156 BRENDLEY 00321-0511 16.8382 000172 150±0 18±7 1994.7083 139.5 0.161 & HARTKOPF 504 A 914 467. 1905.32 0.107 35.3 24.2 0.436 LING 00366+5609 0.7709 0.468 118.2 291.9 2005.034 23.8 0.435 865 MLR 87 55.97 2020.45 0.513 139.7 29.0 0.240 BRENDLEY 01036+6341 6.4320 0.238 145.1 246.4 2003.9517 24.4 0.233 & MASON 1538 STF 186 165.72 1892.28 0.726 219.7 65.0 0.906 BRENDLEY 01559+0151 2.1723 0.986 72.4 40.2 2006.9180 65.6 0.888 & MASON 3032 A 469 124.87 1968.61 0.885 236.8 320.3 1.723 BRENDLEY 04093-0756 2.8830 2.435 65.5 277.0 1996.8984 321.4 1.736 & MASON - CHR 17 13.93 1995.87 0.600 125.3 290.7 0.168 CVETKOVIC 04340+1510 25.8455 0.150 45.4 297.9 2001.7531 304.7 0.135 3389 A 1014 74.83 1969.67 0.465 111.9 10.2 0.349 BRENDLEY 04430+5712 4.8109 0.244 13.0 78.8 1999.8859 12.3 0.348 & HARTKOPF - BTZ 1Aa 18.75 1992.57 0.297 120.9 265.0 0.040 CVETKOVIC 06290+2013 19.1992 0.081 72.9 228.4 1997.1366 281.9 0.053 5625 A 2681 208.33 1938.47 0.793 118.2 329.9 0.442 BRENDLEY 06575+0253 1.7280 0.273 119.4 339.1 1997.2000 329.6 0.445 & MASON 6796 HU 856 80.35 1949.90 0.589 185.5 299.7 0.231 BRENDLEY 08254+3723 4.4804 0.201 36.2 263.6 2004.2017 302.0 0.228 & HARTKOPF 7555 AC 5 AB 77.82 1957.65 0.736 194.7 53.1 0.585 BRENDLEY 09525-0806 4.6261 0.397 141.1 303.3 2006.3199 51.9 0.582 & HARTKOPF 1 NEW ORBITS (continuation) ADS Name P T e (2000) 2007 Author(s) ®2000± n a i ! Last ob. -
Milestones and Personalities in Science and Technology
History of Science Stories and anecdotes about famous – and not-so-famous – milestones and personalities in science and technology BUILDING BETTER SCIENCE AGILENT AND YOU For teaching purpose only December 19, 2016 © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2016 1 Agilent Technologies is committed to the educational community and is willing to provide access to company-owned material contained herein. This slide set is created by Agilent Technologies. The usage of the slides is limited to teaching purpose only. These materials and the information contained herein are accepted “as is” and Agilent makes no representations or warranties of any kind with respect to the materials and disclaims any responsibility for them as may be used or reproduced by you. Agilent will not be liable for any damages resulting from or in connection with your use, copying or disclosure of the materials contained herein. You agree to indemnify and hold Agilent harmless for any claims incurred by Agilent as a result of your use or reproduction of these materials. In case pictures, sketches or drawings should be used for any other purpose please contact Agilent Technologies a priori. For teaching purpose only December 19, 2016 © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2016 2 Table of Contents The Father of Modern Chemistry The Man Who Discovered Vitamin C Tags: Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, chemical nomenclature Tags: Albert Szent-Györgyi, L-ascorbic acid He Discovered an Entire Area of the Periodic Table The Discovery of Insulin Tags: Sir William Ramsay, noble gas Tags: Frederick Banting, -
Observation of Venus and Mercury Transits from the Pic-Du-Midi Observatory
MEETING VENUS C. Sterken, P. P. Aspaas (Eds.) The Journal of Astronomical Data 19, 1, 2013 Observation of Venus and Mercury Transits from the Pic-du-Midi Observatory Guy Ratier 43 rue des Longues All´ees, F-45800 Saint-Jean-de-Braye, France Sylvain Rondi Soci´et´eAstronomique de France, 3 rue Beethoven, F-75016 Paris France Abstract. The Pic-du-Midi, on the French side of the Pyr´en´ees, became a state observatory in the summer of 1882. The first major astronomical event to be observed was the Venus transit of 6 December 1882. Unfortunately this attempt by the well-known Henry brothers was unsuccessful due to bad weather conditions. During the twentieth century, the Pic-du-Midi became famous for the quality of its solar and planetary observations. In the sixties, Jean R¨osch decided to use this experience to monitor the transits of Mercury. The objective was not to measure the parallax, but to determine the diameter of the planet in order to confirm its high density. Observations were made using a photometric method – the Hertzsprung method – during the transits of 1960, 1970 and 1973. The pioneer work of Ch. Boyer on the rotation of the Venus atmosphere as well as some experiments involving Lyot coronographs are also noteworthy. A Venus transit was finally observed on 8 June 2004 with a new CCD camera, providing a significant contribution to the model of the Venus mesosphere. This opened the field for new observations in 2012. 1. Early days of the Pic-du-Midi Observatory The site of the “Pic-du-Midi de Bigorre”, on the forefront of the Pyr´en´ees, has been known since ages as an ideal location to carry out astronomical observations. -
Interview with Lou Mayo Transcript (Pdf)
Sun-Earth Day Highlights Eclipse 2008: China Interview with Lou May: New Activity for Amateur Astronomers [Troy Cline] My name is Troy Cline and welcome to another Sun-Earth Day Highlights podcast. In today's podcast well talk with Lou Mayo about a new eclipse based activity that he designed specifically for the Amateur Astronomer section of the Sun-Earth Day website. The title of that activity is the, "NASA Lunar Parallax Challenge". Lou will also give us some rather interesting historical information about eclipses, the significance of eclipse viewing in today's world, how you can find more eclipse information on-line and finally how to start your own After School Astronomy Club. So let's get started. Here's Lou. [Lou Mayo] Well, you know Troy we live in a magnificent era right now where we understand the universe in ways that were impossible only 50 or 100 years ago. For most of human history we have not understood the true nature of eclipses. And so, most eclipses were viewed with fear and foreboding, bad omens. There are many stories of the significance of eclipses. In history the Lydians and Medes, that’s a great story from about 430 B.C., these 2 groups had been fighting for 5 years. They’d had constant wars. The advantage shifted back and forth. Nobody seemed to be winning but in the 6th year for their war, an eclipse occurred and they were so afraid that the gods were unhappy with this war that they immediately stopped all fighting and formed a peace treaty. -
Kiss of the Goddess | the Economist
5/9/2016 Kiss of the goddess | The Economist Transits of Venus Kiss of the goddess Venus will soon cross the face of the sun, and astronomers around the world will have a party May 27th 2004 | From the print edition FOR about six hours on Tuesday June 8th, the sun will be fainter than usual. There is no need to panic. It will fade by a mere 0.1%. Only a diligent observer with the correct viewing equipment will notice something odd: there will be a small, dark dot on the disc of the sun, like a solitary pea on a yellow dinner plate. The pea is Venus, passing directly between Earth and the sun for the first time since 1882. Insignificant though it may seem, this rare celestial event, a “transit of Venus”, was once thought a key to understanding the universe. Two and a half centuries ago, countries dispatched astronomers on risky and expensive expeditions to observe transits from far-flung points across the globe. By doing this, they hoped to make a precise measurement of the distance to the sun and thus acquire an accurate yardstick by which the distance to everything else in the solar system could be measured. Though this quest fell short of its goal, it did produce a much better estimate of that distance. It also produced some interesting spin-offs, such as the invention of the movie camera and the discovery of Australia's Great Barrier Reef. In any case, astronomers—both professional and amateur—are eagerly awaiting the forthcoming transit so that they can commune with the shades of their predecessors. -
Istros 2013 Proceedings Download Link
Proceedings of the ISTROS 2013 International Conference Editors: M. Veselský and M. Venhart INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS, SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Bratislava 2015 ISBN 978-80-971975-0-6 Dear participants, we bring to you the proceedings of the conference ISTROS (Isospin, STructure, Reactions and energy Of Symmetry), which took place in the period between Sept 23 – - for meeting of Sept 27 2013 in Častá withPapiernička. experimental The declared and theoretical aim of theaspects conference of physics was of to exotic provide nuclei platform and states of nuclear international and Slovak scientists, active in the field of nuclear physics, specifically dealing matter, and we hope that this aim was fulfilled. presentationDuring the conference, is represented 36 invited in this and proceedings contributed in talks the formwere ofpresented, short artic coveringles, while the otheropen participantsproblems in decidedthe physics to abstain of exotic from nuclei this and thusof the their states presentations of nuclear matter.are represented Part of these only by their abstracts. In general, present time appears to modify traditional procedures and one of the victims are the conference proceedings in their habitual form. We are still convinced complementthat publication the of proceedi proceedingsngs iswith a part a briefof our summaryduties as organizersof history as of a servicenatural to sciences participants and and with this in mind we bring to you these proceedings. Besides the contributed articles, we technology in the territory of Slovakia, which bring some interesting facts about the progress of scientific and technical knowledge in Slovakia. - discussing interesting physics, and thus we aim to bring the second edition of the ISTROS As far as we can judge, you had a productive time at Častá Papiernička, spent meaningfully conference in the near future. -
1 Accepted for Publication in the Journal of the British
1 David Elijah Packer: cluster variables, meteors and the solar corona Jeremy Shears Abstract David Elijah Packer (1862-1936), a librarian by profession, was an enthusiastic amateur astronomer who observed from London and Birmingham. He first came to the attention of the astronomical community in 1890 when he discovered a variable star in the globular cluster M5, only the second periodic variable to be discovered in a globular cluster. He also observed meteors and nebulae, on one occasion reporting a brightening in the nucleus of the galaxy M77. However, his remarkable claims in 1896 that he had photographed the solar corona in daylight were soon shown to be flawed. Biographical sketch David Elijah Packer was born in Bermondsey, London, in 1862 April (1) the eldest child of Edward Packer (1820-1896) and Emma (Bidmead) Packer (1831-1918) (2). David attended the Free Grammar School of Saint Olave and Saint John at Southwark, where he performed well, especially in arithmetic, algebra and general mathematics (3). Edward Packer was a basket maker, as was his father and grandfather before him, the Packer family originally coming to London from Thanet, in Kent. The English basket-making industry was in decline during the second half of the nineteenth century due to the availability of cheaper imports from the continent. In spite of this, Edward was still in business in 1881, but the prospects for his son continuing in a trade that had made a living for generations of his ancestors were probably limited (4). Thus at the age of 18 we find David Elijah Packer working as an Oilman’s Assistant, supplying fuel for the oil lamps of London (5).