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Revista Peruana De Biologia Revista peruana de biología 27(2): 543 - 552 (2020) Liquenobiota saxícola del nevado Pastoruri (Áncash, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v27i4.19205 Perú) ISSN-L 1561-0837; eISSN: 1727-9933 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Saxicolous Lichen biota of the Nevado Pastoruri (Áncash, Trabajos originales Peru) Presentado: 03/05/2019 Aceptado: 20/10/2020 Publicado online: 30/11/2020 Editor: Leonardo Romero Resumen Se presentan los resultados de las evaluaciones de la liquenobiota saxícola del nevado Pastoruri (Cordillera Blanca, departamento de Áncash) realizadas en los meses de septiembre de los años 2011 y 2012. La composición de la liquenobiota Autores fue de 28 especies, agrupados en 19 géneros y 14 familias. Las familias Lecanora- Ángel Ramírez* 1, 3 ceae, Parmeliaceae y Teloschistaceae presentaron el mayor número de géneros, [email protected] mientras que los géneros Buellia, Lecanora y Umbilicaria registraron mayor riqueza https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-8304 de especies. Los líquenes de biotipo crustáceos fueron los dominantes (61% del Niels Valencia 2 total), seguido por los foliosos (32%) y fruticosos (7%). [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-8304 Abstract Correspondencia The saxicolous lichens from Nevado Pastoruri (Cordillera Blanca, Department of *Corresponding author Áncash) was evaluated at September month of years 2011 and 2012. We found 28 species, grouped into 19 genera and 14 families. The Families Lecanoraceae, 1 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural, Departamento de Dicotiledóneas, Parmeliaceae and Teloschistaceae presented the greatest number of genera, while Av. Arenales 1256, Lima-14, Perú. the genera Buellia, Lecanora and Umbilicaria recorded higher species richness. Crustacean lichens were dominant (61% of the total), followed by foliose (32%) 2 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural, Departamento de Ecología Av. and fruticose (7%). Arenales 1256, Lima-14, Perú. Palabras clave: 3 Asociación Proyectos Ecológicos Perú Áncash; Andes; diversidad; líquenes; registros nuevos. Keywords: Áncash; Andes; diversity; lichens; new records. ______________________________________________________________ Citación Ramírez A, Valencia N. 2020. Liquenobiota saxícola del nevado Pastoruri (Áncash, Perú). Re- vista peruana de biología 27(2): 543 - 552 (Noviembre 2020). doi: http://dx.doi. Introducción org/10.15381/rpb.v27i4.19205 Los primeros reportes de líquenes en ambientes altoandinos en el Perú fueron realizados por Herrera (1941), quien citó las especies Leptogium menziesii, Leptogium phyllocarpum, Peltigera canina form. spongiosa, Baeomyces imbricatus y Stereocaulon verruciferum para el nevado Salcantay del departamento de Cusco, entre los 4000 y 4500 m de altitud. Posteriormente, Weberbauer (1945) para los Andes pe- ruanos mencionó a los géneros Anaptychia, Parmelia, Ramalina, Telos- chistes, Usnea y muchos líquenes crustáceos que habitaban sobre roca (saxícolas). En los últimos años se han realizado otros reportes sobre líquenes en la Cordillera Negra, como el de Ramírez y Cano (2005) que reportaron 38 especies y el de Valdivia y Ramírez (2018) que reporta- ron 42 especies, ambos en el departamento de Áncash. Los líquenes son usados como bioindicadores pues han sido utili- zados para explicar procesos asociados al cambio climático (v.g. Ap- troot & Herk 2007), el retroceso de glaciares (v.g. Favero et al. 2012) y cuentan con mecanismos para protegerse de la radiación ultravioleta (Wirtz et al. 2006). En el Perú, han sido utilizados para estudiar la an- tigüedad de las morrenas glaciares en la Cordillera Blanca (Solomina - temente a esos organismos es necesario conocer su identidad, lo cual permiteet al. 2007, diferenciarlos Emmer et al. y buscar2019). Sinantecedentes embargo, parade esas poder especies. usar eficien Journal home page: http://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/rpb/index © Los autores. Este artículo es publicado por la Revista Peruana de Biología de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial- CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), que permite el uso no comercial, distribución y repro- ducción en cualquier medio, siempre que la obra original sea debidamente citada. Para uso comercial póngase en contacto con:revistaperuana. [email protected]. 543 Ramírez & Valencia Las publicaciones sobre la diversidad de líquenes en los años del 2006 al 2009) y precipitación total anual de el Perú son varias (Ramírez 1969, Ramírez & Cano 2005, 334 mm (año 2009) (Unidad de Glaciología y Recursos Valdivia & Ramírez 2018, Rivas Plata & Lücking 2012), Hídricos de Huaraz 2009). pero no se cuenta con el registro de estos organismos Diseño de muestreo y toma de datos.- La ladera no- para el nevado de Pastoruri. En el presente trabajo son reste del nevado Pastoruri entre los 4400 y 4700 m de reportadas 28 especies de líquenes del nevado Pastoruri, altitud fue dividida en tres zonas de muestreo por rango y se discute la diversidad encontrada con las reportadas altitudinal (cada 100 m) para hacer una mejor evalua- para otras zonas andinas de Perú y Sudamérica. ción. En cada zona se establecieron 20 cuadrantes de 50 Material y métodos pendientes menores de 35°. Dentro de cada cuadrante se Área de estudio.- El estudio fue en la ladera noreste cm x 50 cm, sobre superficies de rocosas planas y con del nevado Pastoruri, entre los 4400 y 4700 m de altitud. colectas. Las evaluaciones fueron realizadas en los meses El nevado Pastoruri esta ubicado entre los distritos de deregistró septiembre las especies de los deaños líquenes 2011 y mediante2012. fotografías y Catac y Aquía, en las provincias de Recuay y Bolognesi respectivamente (Áncash), (9°52’4.68”-9°53’37.43”S y La primera zona estuvo ubicada entre 4400 y 4500 m 77°10’15.96”- 77°11’14.35”W) (Fig. 1). Este nevado for- de altitud (9°52’8.23”S y 77°10’17.41”W) sobre roca me- ma parte de la Cordillera Blanca, y esta ubicado dentro del Parque Nacional Huascarán (SERNANP 2011). 4500 y 4600 m de altitud (9°52’53.52”S y 77°10’50.99”W) sobretamórfica rocas e ígneasígnea (Fig. y sedimentarias 2). La segunda (Fig. estuvo 3). La ubicada tercera entre 4600 y 4700 m de altitud (9°56’36.18’S y 77°11’11.11”W) 08° S sobreLos rocas líquenes metamórficas que no pudieron (Fig. 4). ser determinados en el campo fueron recolectados fuera de los cuadrantes para realizar estudios morfológicos y químicos que permitan conocer las características de estos organismos para co- Ancash - 09° S gicas que se consideraron fueron el biotipo, tamaño de O Yungay c Asunción losnocer apotecios, su nombre tamaño específico. y forma Las de características las ascosporas morfoló y tipo é Carhuaz a Huari de fotobionte (Ramírez & Cano 2005). Los estudios quí- n Huaraz o micos fueron realizados usando hidróxido de potasio al P 10% (K), hipoclorito sódico al 5% (C) y parafenilenedia- a c mina en solución de alcohol (Pd) (Purvis 2000, Brodo et 10° S í Recuay f Bolognesi al. 2001). Posteriormente se revisaron claves para la de- i terminación taxonómica, a nivel de género la de Sipman c o (2005), para especies las de Elix y Nash (1992), Marcano 79° W 78° W 77° W et al. (1997), Sipman (1998), Brodo et al. (2001), Ra- mírez y Cano (2005), Nash et al. (2007), Knudsen et al. (2008), Hetsmark (2009) y Truong et al. (2011). Ejem- plares también se compararon las muestras con ejempla- res del herbario San Marcos y se realizaron consultas a se siguió a Lücking et al. (2016). Todas las muestras co- lectadasdiferentes fueron especialistas. depositadas Para en la elclasificación herbario USM. taxonómica Figura 1. Ubicación del nevado Pastoruri, Áncash, Perú. La geomorfología de la microcuenca Pastoruri está - cicas, de rocas volcánicas cenozoicas y de depósitos gla- condicionada por estratificaciones sedimentarias cretá principalmente los fondos de valle del área (Durand et al. 2009).ciofluviales El lugar y morrénicos de estudio presentaque rellenan características las depresiones, climá- registrándose temperaturas medias entre -0.9 y 2.6 °C, Figura 2. Vista panorámica de la zona 1. Ladera noreste del nevado yticas humedad muy adversas relativa parade 68.1 el desarrollo y 100%, ambos de la flora valores y fauna, para Pastoruri, Áncash, Perú. 544 Rev. peru. biol. 27(4): 543 - 552 (Noviembre 2020) Liquenobiota saxícola del Nevado Pastoruri Figura 3. Vista panorámica de la zona 2. Ladera noreste del nevado Figura 4. Vista panorámica de la zona 3. Ladera noreste del nevado Pastoruri, Áncash, Perú. Pastoruri, Áncash, Perú. Análisis de datos.- Se construyó la curva de acumu- Resultados lación de especies en base a los datos de presencia/au- La liquenobiota estuvo conformada por 28 especies sencia, empleando el estimador no paramétrico Chao 2 distribuidas en 19 géneros y 14 familias. En la Tabla 1 con el programa Estimates (Versión 9.1.0, Colwell 2016) (Apéndice 1) se presenta la lista de especies de líquenes y con la estimación del número de especies potenciales encontrados indicando su biotipo y el código de su foto. se calculó el porcentaje que representa las especies re- Se presenta una clave para la determinación de las espe- gistradas en este estudio. cies de líquenes del nevado Pastoruri. Tabla 1. Lista de especies de líquenes saxícolas registrados en nevado Pastoruri, Áncash, Perú; indicando su biotipo. Para las letras Código ver Apendice 1. Familias Especies Biotipos Código Registro Acarosporaceae Acarospora cf. altoandina H. Magn. crustáceo a Colecta Nº 2934 Caliciaceae Buellia cf. lacteoidea de Led crustáceo d Fotografía Caliciaceae Buellia sp. 1 crustáceo e Fotografía Caliciaceae Buellia sp. 2 crustáceo f Fotografía Candelariaceae Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. crustáceo i Colecta Nº 2931 Collemataceae Leptogium sp. folioso o Colecta Nº 2940 Lecanoraceae Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Branth & Rostr crustáceo k Colecta Nº 2926 Lecanoraceae Lecanora dispersa (L.) Sommert.
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