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2.1.1. Piragua, Canoa Y Kayak

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2.1.1. Piragua, Canoa Y Kayak UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA TESIS DOCTORAL EVOLUCIÓN DEL MATERIAL DE PIRAGÜISMO EN ESPAÑA A TRAVÉS DEL ANÁLISIS HISTÓRICO DEL DESCENSO INTERNACIONAL DEL SELLA AUTOR: JOSÉ MANUEL TALÓN BALLESTERO [EVOLUCIÓN DEL MATERIAL DE PIRAGÜISMO EN ESPAÑA A TRAVÉS DEL ANÁLISIS HISTÓRICO DEL DESCENSO INTERNACIONAL DEL SELLA] 2 José Manuel Talón Ballestero UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal. EVOLUCIÓN DEL MATERIAL DE PIRAGÜISMO EN ESPAÑA A TRAVÉS DEL ANÁLISIS HISTÓRICO DEL DESCENSO INTERNACIONAL DEL SELLA JOSÉ MANUEL TALÓN BALLESTERO DIRECTORES: Dr. Saúl García Blanco. Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva. FACAF. Universidad de León. Dra. Belén Tabernero Sánchez. Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal. Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca, 2013. 3 [EVOLUCIÓN DEL MATERIAL DE PIRAGÜISMO EN ESPAÑA A TRAVÉS DEL ANÁLISIS HISTÓRICO DEL DESCENSO INTERNACIONAL DEL SELLA] 4 José Manuel Talón Ballestero ÍNDICE 1. INTRODUCCIÓN .............................................................................................. 25 1.1 HIPÓTESIS DE PARTIDA ............................................................................... 30 1.2 OBJETIVOS DEL ESTUDIO ........................................................................... 31 1.3 METODOLOGÍA ............................................................................................. 32 2. FUNDAMENTACIÓN TEÓRICA ...................................................................... 39 2.1. ORÍGENES DEL PIRAGÜISMO .................................................................... 40 2.1.1. PIRAGUA, CANOA Y KAYAK ............................................................... 43 2.1.2. EL PIRAGUISMO EN LA EDAD ANTIGUA .......................................... 56 2.1.3. EL NACIMIENTO DEL PIRAGÜISMO COMO DEPORTE .................... 59 2.2. MODALIDADES DEL PIRAGÜISMO ........................................................... 69 2.2.1. PIRAGUISMO EN AGUAS TRANQUILAS ............................................ 73 a) VELOCIDAD ............................................................................................. 73 b)- FONDO Y MARATÓN ............................................................................ 75 c)- PIRAGÜISMO RECREATIVO ................................................................. 76 d)- DRAGON BOAT ...................................................................................... 79 e)- FLYAK ...................................................................................................... 80 2.2.2. PIRAGÜISMO EN RÍOS DEPORTIVOS ................................................. 80 GRADUACIÓN DE LOS RÍOS EN PIRAGÜISMO ....................................... 80 RIOS DE GRADO 1 y 2 .................................................................................. 82 2.2.3. PIRAGÜISMO DE AGUAS BRAVAS ..................................................... 84 a)- EL SLALOM ............................................................................................. 85 b)- EL DESCENSO ......................................................................................... 86 c)- PIRAGÜISMO EXTREMO ....................................................................... 87 d)- EL RAFTING ............................................................................................ 87 e)- PIRAGÜISMO SOBRE RULO O UNA OLA: RODEO ............................. 89 2.2.4 PIRAGÜISMO EN EL MAR...................................................................... 90 a)- EL KAYAK DE MAR ............................................................................... 90 b)- LA PIRAGUA POLINESIA ...................................................................... 91 c)- KAYAK-SURF .......................................................................................... 93 d)- CANOA A VELA ...................................................................................... 93 2.2.5. PIRAGÜISMO EN PISCINA NATURAL O ARTIFICIAL ....................... 94 a)- EL KAYAK POLO .................................................................................... 94 b)- ESQUIMOTAJE ........................................................................................ 95 5 [EVOLUCIÓN DEL MATERIAL DE PIRAGÜISMO EN ESPAÑA A TRAVÉS DEL ANÁLISIS HISTÓRICO DEL DESCENSO INTERNACIONAL DEL SELLA] 2.3. EVOLUCIÓN DEL MATERIAL ..................................................................... 99 2.3.1. LOS PRIMEROS FABRICANTES EN EUROPA ................................... 103 2.3.2. ANÁLISIS DE LAS PRIMERAS EMBARCACIONES HASTA 1952 .... 104 2.3.3. ANÁLISIS DE LAS EMBARCACIONES DESDE 1952 HASTA LA APARICIÓN DEL CASCO CURVO CON EL MODELO AMERICANO EN 1988 .................................................................................................................. 109 2.3.4. EVOLUCIÓN TÉCNICA DE LOS DISTINTOS MODELOS DESDE 1991. (TABLA COMPARATIVA DE LAS PRINCIPALES FÁBRICAS EN ESPAÑA Y EUROPA). ........................................................................................................ 117 2.3.5. EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS PALAS HASTA 1988 ........................................ 124 2.3.6. EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS PALAS DESDE 1988 HASTA EL 2012 ............ 126 2.3.7. PROAS, TIMÓN, REPOSAPIÉS Y ASIENTOS ..................................... 129 2.3.8. MODELOS VENCEDORES DEL DESCENSO INTERNACIONAL DEL SELLA .............................................................................................................. 132 2.3.9. GANADORES DEL DIS QUE LO HAN SIDO TAMBIÉN DEL CAMPEONATO DEL MUNDO O DE EUROPA ............................................. 156 3. FUNDAMENTACIÓN FOTOGRÁFICA ......................................................... 159 FICHAS FOTOGRÁFICAS .................................................................................. 159 4. CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................ 161 4.1. VALIDACIÓN DE HIPÓTESIS .................................................................... 162 4.2. CONCLUSIONES ......................................................................................... 165 4.3. FUTURAS VÍAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN ...................................................... 167 4.4. DIFICULTADES ENCONTRADAS .............................................................. 168 AGRADECIMIENTOS......................................................................................... 171 5. ELENCO BIBLIOGRÁFICO ............................................................................ 175 FUENTES BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ............................................................................ 176 Bibliografía Específica: ..................................................................................... 176 Bibliografía General: ......................................................................................... 182 6. APÉNDICE DOCUMENTAL ........................................................................... 189 DOCUMENTACIÓN ORIGINAL ........................................................................ 190 HEMEROTECA DEL ABC .................................................................................. 195 CARTAS ORIGINALES DE ATONIO CUESTA REFERENTES A PEDIDOS DE MATERIALY ORGANIZACIÓN DEL DESCENSO ........................................... 275 6 José Manuel Talón Ballestero ÍNDICE DE LAS FICHAS DE LA FUNDAMENTACIÓN FOTOGRÁFICA FICHA 1 CABALLITOS DE TOTORA F1.1 WEB.WORLDISROUND.COM FICHA 2 CANOA CANADIENSE F.2 WEB MUSEO CANADÁ F.3 WEB MUSEO CANADÁ FICHA 3 KAYAK INUIT F.4 WEB.CHANAAVENTURAS.COM F.5 WEB.CHANAAVENTURAS.COM FICHA 4 KAYAK ALEUTIANO F.6 WEB.CHANAAVENTURAS.COM F.7 WEB.CHANAAVENTURAS.COM FICHA 5 CANOA 2400-2200 a.C F.8 TALÓN, J.M F.9 TALÓN, J.M F.10 TALÓN, J.M FICHA 6 EGIPTO 2000-1970 a.C F.11 TALÓN, J.M F.12 TALÓN, J.M F.13 TALÓN, J.M FICHA 7 BOTE FUNERARIO 1985-1795 a.C F.14 TALÓN, J.M FICHA 8 EGIPTO 1985-1795 a.C F.15 TALÓN, J.M F.16 TALÓN, J.M F.17 TALÓN, J.M FICHA 9 EGIPTO 1900 a.C F.18 TALÓN, J.M FICHA 10 1400 a.C BOTE CEREMONIAL F.19 TALÓN, J.M 1 F como abreviatura de fotografía. 7 [EVOLUCIÓN DEL MATERIAL DE PIRAGÜISMO EN ESPAÑA A TRAVÉS DEL ANÁLISIS HISTÓRICO DEL DESCENSO INTERNACIONAL DEL SELLA] FICHA 11 CANOA S.III-IV F.20 TALÓN, J.M FICHA 12 ROB ROY 1865 F.21 WEB.DUCKWORKSMAGAZINE.COM FICHA 13 1893 EXPEDICIÓN AL POLO F.22 WEB.CHANAAVENTURAS.COM NORTE DE FRIDTJOF NANSEN F.23 WEB.CHANAAVENTURAS.COM F.24 WEB.CHANAAVENTURAS.COM FICHA 14 C-1 COMPETICIÓN F.25 TALÓN, J.M F.26 TALÓN, J.M F.27 TALÓN, J.M FICHA 15 PIRAGUA DE SLALOM F.28 TALÓN, J.M F.29 TALÓN, J.M F.30 TALÓN, J.M FICHA 16 PIRAGUA DE DESCENSO R. F.31 TALÓN, J.M F.32 TALÓN, J.M F.33 TALÓN, J.M FICHA 17 DRAGÓN BOAT F.34 WEB.DRAGONBOATNEWS.COM F.35 WEB.DRAGONBOATNEWS.COM FICHA 18 RAFTING F.36 WEB.PICO AZUL.COM F.37 WEB.PICO AZUL.COM FICHA 19 PIRAGUA POLINESIA F.38 WEB.WORDPRESS.COM F.39 WEB.KAYAKISMO.COM FICHA 20 K-4 F.40 WEB.FOTOYOS.COM F.41 TALÓN, J.M 8 José Manuel Talón Ballestero FICHA 21 KAYAK DE PLÁSTICO PRIJON F.42 TALÓN, J.M F.43 TALÓN, J.M FICHA 22 K-2 Y K-1 DE MAR F.44 TALÓN, J.M F.45 WEB.KAYAKSIPRE.COM FICHA 23 CANOA A VELA F.46 WEB.WCHA.COM FICHA 24 FLYAK 2005 F.47 WEB.SEAKAYAKING.COM F.48 WEB.RHINO3DCHILE.COM FICHA 25 KAYAK POLO F.49 WEB.UXAVI.BLOGSPOT.COM F.50WEB.CONNECTICUTWATERTRAILS.COM FICHA 26 KAYAK SURF F.51 WEB.ES.123RF.COM F.52 WEB.3NSPORT.BLOGSPOT.COM FICHA 27 1900 K-1 KLEPPER F.53 WEB.CHANAAVENTURAS.COM FICHA 28 CANOA CANADIENSE DE LONA F.54 TALÓN, J.M F.55 TALÓN, J.M F.56 WEB MUSEO CANADÁ FICHA 29 1928 K-2
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