emphasis on the performer or performance, not the end result; “action” events such as pouring water, sitting on a chair, making a sandwich as “music and/or art”; belief that music is “life” (around at People all times) Above: George Brecht, •Philip Glass (Composer) Bead Puzzle (c. 1965) People •Terry Riley (Composer) •La Monte Young •George Maciunus (Artist) Above: In C, Terry Riley (1964) • (Fluxus/Minimalist Composer, George Brecht (Artist, Artist) Composer) emphasis on elements of •Steve Reich (Composer) • Above: Fluxus La Monte Young “There is perhaps nothing Manifesto, 1963, music, stripped down to (Fluxus/Minimalist that is not musical. by George Maciunas their most fundamental Perhaps there's no moment features; repetition and Above: Knee 1 Score from Composer, Artist) Einstein on the Beach, Philip “phase music”; minimal Glass (1976) •Dick Higgins (Artist, in life that's not Above: George Brecht, musical... All instruments, Water Yam (1963) variation over long Author) periods of time • musical or not, become Yoko Ono (Performance instruments. “ Artist) –George Brecht “So, essentially my contribution was to introduce • repetition into Western music as the main ingredient Right: No. 3/No. 13 Nam June Paik and Magenta, Black, Green without any melody over it, without anything just ( Charlotte Moorman on Orange), oil on repeated patterns, musical patterns.” canvas painting by Mark – Terry Riley Rothko, 1949, Museum of (Performance Artists) Right: Christian Wolff, Modern Art. Edges Score (1968)

emphasis on atonality, driving rock rhythms, repetitive phrases, emphasis on texture Bands / People People over melody; elements of emphasis on a stripped-down nihilism and confrontation; punk • version of rock riffs and • The Velvet Underground rhythms; straightforward Glenn Branca without the attitude; more • • closely related to performance Sonic Youth minimalist production; Thurston Moore • • art and minimalist music Television simple chord changes; fast Brian Eno • drumming; recorded using • Blondie Lydia Lunch • lo-fi equipment; emphasis • Talking Heads on what seems “authentic” Rhys Chatham Above: Brian Eno • • Lou Reed (audible mistakes, false James Chance and Above: The Talking Heads •John Cale starts, background noise); the Contortions • emphasis on the “anti-”; • The Ramones more closely related to DNA • Richard Hell rock •Mars •Patti Smith Group “I was a hardcore minimalist who studied with La Monte Young and played in Tony Conrad’s group….By the time I became music director of The Kitchen again, I had still “How can anybody learn anything never been to a rock concert. Peter said “Rhys, have you from an artwork when the piece of ever been to CBGB?” I said no and he said, “Well, there’s art only reflects the vanity of this good group playing tonight, you should really come the artist and not reality?” and hear it.” So I went; it was the Ramones. “ –Rhys –The Above: LP Art of The Velvet Above: Lydia Lunch Concert Right: Underground and Nico, designed by Chatham Television Above: Rhys Chatham Poster Velvet Underground” Andy Warhol