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Scriitori Romani De Azi Vol 2 .Pdf Eugen SIMION SCRIITORI ROM~NI DE AZI vol. 2 CUPRINS ZAHARIA STANCU ...................................................... 3 MIHAI BENIUC ..........................................................49 EMIL BOTTA .............................................................92 GELLU NAUM .......................................................... 105 GEO DUMITRESCU .................................................. 134 ION CARAION ......................................................... 153 +TEFAN AUGUSTIN DOINA+ ................................... 166 MARIN PREDA. Realismul psihologic ....................... 181 EUGEN BARBU. Romanul pitoresc =i baroc .............. 270 2 Eugen Simion CZU 859.0–09 S 57 Edi\ie de autor Coperta: Vladimir Zmeev Fotografii: Vasile Blendea ISBN 973–9355–02–1 © DAVID & LITERA, 2002 ISBN 9975–74–088–X CUPRINS Scriitori rom`ni de azi. Vol. II 3 Zaharia STANCU 1902—1974 Dac[ d[m deoparte versurile ocazionale, avem surpriza de a descoperi ]n volumul C`ntec =optit (1971) un imagist profund =i un elegiac cu sim\ muzical. Versurile mai vechi ale lui Zaharia Stancu cultivau o bucolic[ aspr[ =i o erotic[ p[tima=[. Natura r[m`ne =i ]n poemele de acum cadrul esen\ial, numai c[ poetul o prive=te cu un ochi melancolizant, ]nfiorat de ideea mor\ii. Cele mai frumoase versuri sunt (le spune chiar autorul!) ni=te roman\e naive, unde este vorba de ]mb[tr`nire =i singur[tate, de ierburi, p[duri =i de moarte, teme eterne, tratate de Zaharia Stancu ]n stilul unui animism nostalgic: „Nu-mi mai num[ra anii =i zilele, Tot n-o s[ afli c`t mai am de tr[it. 4 Eugen Simion }n dumbrava din marginea satului C`nt`nd, cucul a r[gu=it. Dragoste, nu mai s[rut pe nimeni, Nu mai fumez nici m[car o \igare. Alt[dat[ zburam ca un zmeu, Acum ca un l[stun de mare. Port pe t`mple fulgi de argint, Nimeni nu se-nghesuie s[ mi-i fure. Ca s[ tai stejarii rota\i, }\i trebuie nu cu\it, ci secure. Seara vine cu pa=i alba=tri, Noaptea cu iepuri de catifea. Unii oameni se plimb[ pe lun[, Eu numai pe-aceast[ =ubred[ stea. Iarba e iarb[ =i pe-ntuneric, +i-n miezul nop\ii r[m`n vii florile. Roua se destram[ atunci C`nd o calc[ ]n t[lpi zorile. Nu-mi mai socoti anii =i zilele, Tot n-o s[ afli c`t mai am de tr[it. }n dumbrava din marginea satului C`nt`nd, cucul a r[gu=it.“ Farmecul acestor versuri vine din simplitatea =i sinceritatea lor. Ele au o simbolistic[ elementar[, ]ns[ plin[ de gravitate =i cu rezonan\e ad`nci. Sabia eseninian[ alearg[ peste z[pezile tim- pului (Gr`u =i p[l[mid[), un lup misterios =i crud ]nghite zilele =i nop\ile, vremea gone=te cu cercei ro=ii la urechi. Lirismul este aproape procesual =i urmeaz[ ]ndeaproape rit- murile naturii. Materia plesne=te de vitalitate sau se preg[te=te s[ intre ]ntr-o agonie bl`nd[, luminoas[. Anotimpurile se succed Scriitori rom`ni de azi. Vol. II 5 implacabil, =i ]n succesiunea lor poetul cite=te ireversibilitatea destinului. G`ndul trecerii inevitabile st[p`ne=te aceste poeme cu ape limpezi =i p[duri ]n care tr[iesc, ]ntr-o curioas[ ]nfr[\ire, iepuri galbeni =i vulpi sure, cerbi cu coarne r[muroase, ursoaice lene=e, grase, arici cu ochi ro=ii, iscoditori, =i coco=i ]nfumura\i =i pre- zum\io=i (La mine-n p[dure). Adolescent fiind, poetul a c[l[rit ca sf`ntul Gheorghe pe un arm[sar alb, focos, apoi, t`n[r — ars de v[p[ile iubirii —, a umblat pe un cal porumbac, schimbat =i acesta, mai t`rziu, cu un cal murg. Acum a=teapt[ al patrulea cal, desigur negru (Al patrulea cal). Al\i =apte cai alearg[ ]nspuma\i pe un c`mp alb =i se pierd dincolo de zare (Caii). }ntr-alt loc, patru cai negri trag o c[ru\[ pe un c`mp nesf`r=it, sub un soare nemi=cat, simbol al naturii perene, ]n opunere cu destinul vremelnic al omului: „M[ plimb pe c`mp cu c[ru\a. La ea sunt ]nh[ma\i patru cai negri. Uneori caii se v[d, alteori nu se v[d. Copitele lor sunt potcovite cu aur, Scap[r[ ]ntruna, scap[r[-ntruna, C`mpul n-are ]nceput, n-are sf`r=it. Deasupra, cerul albastru, boltit, +i soarele, nemi=cat ]n amiaz[, Nici nu r[sare soarele, nici n-apune, St[ mereu nemi=cat, ]n amiaz[. Dau cu biciul ]n cai, caii alearg[, Dau cu biciul ]n soare, soarele tace, Tace =i r[m`ne tot nemi=cat. Mi-e dor de-un amurg, ori mi-e dor De-un proasp[t r[s[rit, Dar soarele st[ pe loc, nu se mi=c[, Dau cu biciul ]n cai, caii alearg[. C[ru\a alearg[, alearg[...“ Simbolurile sunt vizibile =i chiar previzibile, ]ns[ tocmai fuga de complica\ie, de ambiguitate =i abstrac\iune — ]ntr-o literatur[ 6 Eugen Simion prea complicat[ =i abstract[, cum este cea de azi, — constituie originalitatea =i profunzimea acestor poezii ]ntoarse ]n chip programatic la temele fundamentale. }naintea tuturor este pre- sim\irea sf`r=itului, figurat[ ]n mai multe feluri. O roman\[ pune, eminescian, acest sentiment sub semnul timpului ce cre=te ame- nin\[tor ]n urm[, ]nghi\ind totul: „Via\a mea a fost miere =i fum, Acum e drojdie, acum. Ce alb[, ce tras[ mi-e figura!... M`ine nimeni n-o s[-mi s[rute gura, Nimeni n-o s[ mai ]mi s[rute gura...“ Alta (Roman\[ naiv[) trage acela=i motiv ]n simbolul saniei de argint ce alearg[ nebune=te pe un lac ]nghe\at. +i mai direct, Zaharia Stancu vorbe=te de amurg, de iubiri pierdute, de cea\a ce se las[ peste lucruri, de o natur[ — ]n fine — atins[ de o boal[ misterioas[ (Acum te-am v[zut ca prin cea\[, Dragoste, }n p[durea veche, b[tr`n[, Peisaj). Ritmica materiei este ]ncetinit[ =i, adap- t`ndu-se ei, versurile devin leg[n[toare, muzicale, =optite, cum zice poetul. Citindu-le, ne dau senza\ia unei unduiri de s[lcii pl`ng[toare deasupra unui r`u negru, de tremurare de plopi ]nal\i =i sub\iri ]n amurg, de b[taie lin[ de valuri. Iat[ transpus[ aceast[ viziune naturistic[ ]ntr-un poem admirabil: „Seara vine cu cerbi, cu bouri, V`n[torii m`njesc zarea de s`nge. Se bucur[ ]n iaz broa=tele ochioase, Luna ciuntit[ c`nd r`de, c`nd pl`nge. +ireata vulpe albastr[ a nop\ii Se furi=eaz[ printre z[pezi. Trebuie s[ ai un ochi ]n frunte Dac[ \ii negre=it s-o vezi.“ Scriitori rom`ni de azi. Vol. II 7 Sunt ]n volum =i versuri cu un ritm mai precipitat =i o viziune mai polemic[. Acestea ]=i trag am[r[ciunea din cucuta vechilor poeme sau transpun ]n catrene ceea ce autorul a dezvoltat pe larg ]n prozele lui. Multe versuri din aceast[ categorie sunt demne de a fi semnalate. Preferin\ele noastre merg ]ns[ spre elegiile pline de demnitate =i suferin\[ senin[ din roman\ele naive =i jeluitoare. * * * Poetul ]=i reia temele ]n Sabia timpului (1972), volum in- titulat, ]ntr-un proiect anterior, C`ntecul lebedei. +i aici e vorba de iezi =i de cai, de tinere\e =i moarte, de singur[tate =i ]m- b[tr`nire, ]n acela=i stil poetic elementar =i melodic. Versul renun\[ la orice ornamenta\ie =i se rote=te ]n jurul ideii de dispari\ie, cu o senza\ie totu=i de clocot al lumii vegetale. Sentimentul pieirii se asociaz[, ca la Arghezi, cu fascina\ia lumii materiale. Stingerea provoac[, printr-o conjura\ie de for\e mis- terioase, o intensificare a vie\ii ]n sfera naturii. P[durea fream[t[ de ur=i =i de cerbi, c`mpurile de =oric[rime =i p[s[ri, iarba ]=i croie=te prin ]ntunericul p[m`ntului un drum spre lumin[, peste tot e o senza\ie de prefaceri obscure, de coacere =i ]mplinire, un ritm implacabil al vie\ii. Moartea e o plecare, o rupere din in- timitatea lucrurilor, urmat[ de o ]ntoarcere (]n chipul poeziei populare) la ritmurile v`rstei minerale: „}n cur`nd am s[ plec dintre voi, Nu =tiu ]ncotro o s[ plec, dar o s[ plec. }mi voi deschide larg aripile +i voi zbura prin v[zduhul uscat =i sec. }n cur`nd am s[ plec dintre voi — A=a e legea =i nu pot s-o schimb, Dar ]mi voi lua cu mine sufletul, Sufletul, al trupului nimb. }l voi \ine str`ns tare de m`n[, Nu =tiu ]ncotro ]l voi duce, dar am s[-l duc. 8 Eugen Simion Pe drum voi sufla asupra lui, Lacrimile din ochi s[ i le usuc. Hai, inim[, nu-\i fie team[, Ce tare te-am pus s[ ba\i, =i-ai b[tut, Acum a sosit ora t[cerii, Dar ]nainte de a t[cea, te s[rut. Tu, r`ule, s[ curgi mai departe, Tu, p[dure, s[ fream[\i mereu. Cu globul care alearg[ prin spa\iu Va alerga =i trupul meu.“ Lirismul, naiv =i rafinat, este aproape inanalizabil. Elementele cele mai simple, tocite de vreme, ]=i recap[t[ puritatea =i tragismul originar. Ce e via\a? Ce e tinere\ea? Unde ne ducem? sunt ]ntreb[ri care, introduse ]n confesiunea poetului =i umplute de via\[, trezesc ]n noi ideea destinului =i, fatal, pe aceea a trecerii inevitabile. Originalitatea lui Zaharia Stancu este, vorbind de aceste lucruri grave, s[ fug[ de literatur[, s[ evite medita\ia complicat[, no- t`ndu-=i direct melancoliile: „Sunt obosit. Mi-e capul ca un butoi plesnit +i trupul tot acuma m[ ustur[ ca rana Pe care fl[c[ri ro=ii =i-au desf[cut n[frama +i marea ]n furtun[ nisipul =i-a zv`rlit.
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