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A C Abstinence, 19, 20, 22, 24–35, 64, 81 Canonisation, 98 Ada bar Ahavah, R., 23, 24 Christianity, 21 Adam, 25, 67, 76, 106, 140–145, Chrysostom, John, 143 149, 151, 152, 212 Church Fathers, 21 Akavya ben Mehalalel, 61–63, Consolation, 38, 171, 174, 175, 183 208–210 Coupling, 198, 200 Allegory, 92, 93, 95–97, 197 Creativity, 40, 91 Angels, 6, 30, 31, 69, 72, 73, 198– Crescas, Hasdai, R, 193, 194 201, 203, 205, 207, 213

D B Dan, Joseph, 3, 6, 13, 16, 73, 157 Bachelorhood, 22, 25–27, 115 David, King, 177, 178, 180 Beauty, 56, 58–63, 91, 93, 94, 103, Desire, 2, 5, 8, 9, 18, 20–22, 25–28, 203 43, 53–56, 58, 61, 62, 64, 79, Ben Azzai, 6, 14, 25–28, 97, 99, 101, 94, 104, 105, 107, 113, 114, 139–149, 151, 152, 165, 176, 117, 128, 135, 158, 164, 177, 195, 197, 202–205 188, 197, 198, 206 Ben Petura, 148 Determinism, soft, 187, 191 Ben Zoma, 14, 112, 143, 195, 197, Devekut (adherence to the divine), 30 202–205 Divine image, 123 Betrothal (kiddushin, erusin), 15, 16 Divorce, 7, 9, 28, 96, 114, 116–118, Biale, David, 95, 177–180 120, 127–130, 134 Boyarin, Daniel, 46, 47 Bride and groom, 37

E Holiness, 7, 33, 70, 105, 106, 108, Eden, Garden of, 211, 212 132, 133 Elazar ben Azariah, R., 77, 97, Hosea, 93, 133 99–101, 159, 182, 183, 188, 189 Hovot ha-levavot (Duties of the Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, R., 35, 77 Heart), 46 Elijah, 17, 38 Elior, Rachel, viii, ix, 199, 203 Elisha ben Abuyah, 72, 197, 202, 204, I 205, 211 Ibn Ezra, Abraham, R., 104 as Aher (“other”), 204 Ideal, 1, 3, 35, 96, 103, 114, 172 Equality, 6, 142–149, 151, 153, 162, Idolatry, 142, 201 165 Immortality of the soul, 78–81, 84 Inclination, good and evil, 55, 176 Ishmael, R., 69, 132, 133, 165, 184 F Fear of God, 20 Forms (“ideas”), 79 J Freedom of will, 186, 187 Jacob, R., 25, 82 Jealousy, 115, 132, 134 Jeremiah, 93, 190 G Jerusalem of gold, 17 Gamaliel the Elder, Rabban, 130 Jewish people, 42, 69, 103, 107, 158, Gamaliel, Rabban, 40, 130, 157, 159, 182, 183 186, 188, 189 Job, 149, 178–180, 184 Joshua ben Hyrcanus, R., 179 Joy, 22, 37, 112, 113, 180, 198 H Judah ha-Levi, R., 24, 33, 71 Hai Gaon, R., 203, 204 Judah, R., 19, 20, 25, 33, 34, 72, 82, Halakhah, 5, 14, 23, 29, 97, 125, 97, 113, 125, 130, 157, 161, 131, 154, 196 162, 164 Halitzah, 7, 130, 131 Ha-Meiri, Menahem, R., 136, 167 Harvey, Warren Zev, 44, 194 K Hanina ben Hakhinai, R., 126 Kahana, Menahem, 143 Hanina ben Teradion, R., 70 Kalba Savua, 15, 16 Harmony, 1, 6, 7, 9, 19, 22, 35, 41, Kleinberg, Aviad, 87 58, 96, 106, 107, 111–117, 121– Knowledge, 2, 3, 13, 14, 20, 42, 124, 126, 128–130, 132, 198 43, 54, 63, 72, 79, 81, 96, 102, Hasdai Crescas, R., 193 155–158, 164, 186, 187, 196, Heidegger, Martin, 87 203, 207, 208, 210 Hekhalot Zutarti, 6, 195, 198–201, Knowledge, Divine, 187, 191, 192 203, 211 Knowledge, democratization of, 215 Hillel, House of, 97, 127–129 Kook, Abraham Isaac., R., 44 Index 225

L Philosopher, 2, 3, 13, 31, 53, 79, 81, Lewin, Benjamin M., 80 115 Lieberman, Saul, 214 Plato, 2, 79–81, 83 Liebes, Yehuda, 215 Precepts, 69, 72, 76, 108, 123, 124, Locke, John, 143 140, 141, 146, 147, 150, 160, Longing, 39, 43, 56, 94–96, 103, 111 163, 164, 173, 176, 201, 210 Love, harmonious, 1–3, 5, 7, 53, 105, Procreation, 21, 25, 29, 31, 123 111, 113, 125 Providence, 54, 55, 60, 68, 72, 177, Love and honour, 149 184, 186, 187, 191, 192 Love of God, 3, 8, 13, 86, 96, 97, Puritanism, 1, 105, 125 139, 149, 174, 177, 192, 210 Purity, 20–22, 93, 96, 98, 106, 122, Love of mankind, 3, 139, 149, 151 123 Love of one’s fellow, 8, 162, 192 Love of wisdom, 2, 3, 35 R Rachel, wife of Rabbi Akiva, 3, 4, 6, M 8, 14, 16–19, 27–29, 35, 38, 40, Maharsha (Samuel Eliezer Edels), 51 41, 43, 44, 63, 104, 113, 155, Maimonides, 27, 30, 31, 96, 152, 212 171, 207 Marriage, 4, 7, 18–23, 25–28, 38, 63, Rahumi, R., 23, 24 113–117, 121, 123–130, 132, Rashi, 25, 32, 44, 59, 96, 102–104, 171 114, 144, 185 Match, 114 Redemption, 31, 32, 75, 188, 190, Meir, R., 112, 123, 164, 184, 205 191 Menstrual impurity (nidah), 116, 118 Reproof, 42, 159, 160 Miriam, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34 Roman law, 5, 7, 57–60, 63, 69, 71, Monastics, 21 78, 84, 171, 208 Morality, 8, 9, 42, 78, 97, 106, 150, Roman rule, 72 175, 210 Rosen-Zvi, Ishay, 65, 135–137 Moses, 15, 28–35, 67–69, 72–74, Rotenberg, Mordechai, 65 155–158, 200–202

S O Saadia Gaon, R., 29 Onah, 24, 32, 112, 198 Sabbath, 24, 60, 112, 120, 204, 205 Optimism, 6, 8, 171, 174, 175, 180, Safrai, Shmuel, 19, 20 186–189, 192 Satan, 54, 55, 57, 62 Orchard (Pardes), 56 Scholem, Gershom, 214 Original sin, 21 Schremer, Adiel, 47 Scripture, status of, 5 Sexual relations, 31, 33, 34, 198 P Shammai, House of, 97, 127, 129 Pappus ben Judah, 70, 71 Shekhinah, 7, 8, 32, 114, 115 Passion, 2, 3, 14, 53, 56, 92, 95, 197 Shinan, Avigdor, 66 226 Index

Shitah mekubetzet (Bezalel U Ashkenazi), 51 Ula (amora), 120, 121 Shmuel (amora), 20 Urbach, Ephraim Elimelech, 49, 193, Simon bar Yohai, R., 113, 114, 126 214 Simon ben Gamaliel, Rabban, 60 Simon, R., 113, 126 Socrates, 3, 5, 14, 78–84 W Soloveichik, Meir, 112, 123, 164, 184, Wealth, 23, 36, 59, 112, 113 205 Wife, duty to honour, 154 Song of Songs, 5, 7, 8, 13, 42, 56, 91, Woman, adorned, wearing makeup, 29 92, 94–108, 115, 141, 197, 203, Woman, beautiful, 28, 56, 57, 59, 62, 208, 210, 213 128 Sotah, 14, 114, 116, 132, 133 World, next, 77, 82, 83, 104, 174, Spiritual, Spirituality, 1, 4, 18–20, 25, 175, 181–183 28, 29, 35, 58, 95, 183, 207 World, this, 5, 8, 69, 70, 73, 75–77, Suffering, 3, 6, 8, 9, 38–40, 67, 68, 82, 83, 85, 175, 182–184, 210 70, 73–75, 77, 78, 103, 171, Worship, divine, 176 175, 177, 178, 180–188, 191, Wright, William, 46 192

Y T Yannai, R., 24, 25 Tarfon, R., 77, 107, 108, 112, 159, Yohanan ben Nuri, R., 159 182 Yohanan ben Zakai, R., 134 Taylor, Richard, 194 Yohanan ha-Sandlar, R., 131 Temple, 21, 37, 60, 94, 117, 133, Yohanan, R., 13, 19, 20, 98, 101, 188–190, 192, 199, 209, 213 131, 134, 159, 179 Temptation, 5, 8, 9, 53–57, 59, 62–64 Yom Kippur, 23 Ten Martyrs, 5, 67, 69, 72, 74 Theodicy, 5, 67, 68, 72–75 Torah study, 18–28, 37, 39, 43, 54, Z 63, 70–72, 107, 108, 126, 131, Zakovitch, Yair, 109 141, 165, 172–174, 204, 206 Zer-Kavod, Mordechai, 51 Tosafot Yom Tov (Yom Tov Lipmann Zipporah, 28, 29 Heller), 187 Zunz, Leib, 136 Tur-Sinai, Naftali Herz (Harry Torczyner), 51 Turnusrufus (Quintus Tineius Rufus), 59, 60, 63