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Ubuntu® 1.4Inux Bible Ubuntu® 1.4inux Bible William von Hagen 111c10,ITENNIAL. 18072 @WILEY 2007 •ICIOATENNIAl. Wiley Publishing, Inc. Acknowledgments xxi Introduction xxiii Part 1: Getting Started with Ubuntu Linux Chapter 1: The Ubuntu Linux Project 3 Background 4 Why Use Linux 4 What Is a Linux Distribution? 5 Introducing Ubuntu Linux 6 The Ubuntu Manifesto 7 Ubuntu Linux Release Schedule 8 Ubuntu Update and Maintenance Commitments 9 Ubuntu and the Debian Project 9 Why Choose Ubuntu? 10 Installation Requirements 11 Supported System Types 12 Hardware Requirements 12 Time Requirements 12 Ubuntu CDs 13 Support for Ubuntu Linux 14 Community Support and Information 14 Documentation 17 Commercial Support for Ubuntu Linux 18 Getting More Information About Ubuntu 19 Summary 20 Chapter 2: Installing Ubuntu 21 Getting a 64-bit or PPC Desktop CD 22 Booting the Desktop CD 22 Installing Ubuntu Linux from the Desktop CD 24 Booting Ubuntu Linux 33 Booting Ubuntu Linux an Dual-Boot Systems 33 The First Time You Boot Ubuntu Linux 34 Test-Driving Ubuntu Linux 34 Expioring the Desktop CD's Examples Folder 34 Accessing Your Hard Drive from the Desktop CD 36 Using Desktop CD Persistence 41 Copying Files to Other Machines Over a Network 43 Installing Windows Programs from the Desktop CD 43 Summary 45 ix Contents Chapter 3: Installing Ubuntu on Special-Purpose Systems 47 Overview of Dual-Boot Systems 48 Your Computer's Boot Process 48 Configuring a System for Dual-Booting 49 Repartitioning an Existing Disk 49 Getting a Different Install CD 58 Booting from a Server or Altemate Install CD 58 Install Options on the Server Install CD 59 Installing an Ubuntu Server 60 Manually Specifying Your Partition Layout 73 Installing an Ubuntu LAMP Server 81 Booting Your Server for the First Time 81 Install Options on the Altemate Install CD 82 Installing an Ubuntu Desktop System in Text Mode 83 Installing Ubuntu Linux in OEM Mode 84 Installing a Server from the Alternate Install CD 85 Summary 86 Part II: Ubuntu for Desktop Users Chapter 4: Basic Linux System Concepts 89 Working with Files and Directories 89 Standard Linux Directories 90 Other Common Directories on Linux Systems 91 Introduction to Linux Filesystems 92 Disks, Partitions, and Mount Points 92 Local Filesystems: Standard and Journaling 93 Network Filesystems 95 Working with Partitions and Filesystems 95 Mounting Filesystems 96 Automatically Mounting Filesystems at Boot Time 98 Automatically Mounting Removable Media Filesystems 101 Understanding Linux Permissions 101 Basic Concepts: Users and Groups 102 File and Directory Permissions Under Linux 103 Default Permissions When Creating Files and Directories 104 Performing Privileged Operations in Ubuntu 104 Summary 106 Chapter 5: Using the GNOME Desktop 107 What's a Desktop? Graphical Environments for Linux 107 Using the Mouse 110 GNOME Desktop Overview 110 GNOME Application Windows 112 Menus in GNOME 113 Panel Menus 113 Context-Sensitive Menus 116 Customizing Menus 117 X Contents Customizing Your Desktop 123 Customizing Mouse Behavior 123 Configuring Display Resolution 125 Customizing Panels 127 Configuring the Screensaver 132 Changing Desktop Backgrounds 133 Switching Themes 134 Assistive Technologies for Using GNOME 136 GNOME Keyboard Shortcuts 137 Introducing the Nautilus File Manager 138 Basic Operations in Nautilus 139 Examples of Using Nautilus 140 Getting More Information About Nautilus 143 Using a Window Manager 143 Summary 148 Chapter 6: Using Command-Line Tools 149 Why Use the Command Line? 150 Executing Commands from the Command Line 150 What's a Shell? 156 Getting to a Shell 158 Using the GNOME Terminal Application 158 Using the X Window System Terminal Application 160 Popular Command-Line Commands 163 Moving Around in the Linux Filesystem 163 Copying, Moving, Renaming, and Deleting Files and Directories 164 Changing File and Directory Permissions 168 Finding Commands That Do Specific Things 170 Working with the Bash Shell 171 Using Command History 171 Using Command and Filename Completion 172 Using Wildcards 173 Pipes and Input and Output Redirection 174 Introducing Job Control 175 Exploring the Bash Configuration File 176 Using Environment Variables 177 Defining and Using Aliases 179 Summary 179 Chapter 7: Working with Text Files an Ubuntu 181 Introduction to Linux Text Editors 182 Using vi 183 Starting and Exiting vi 184 Inserting Text in vi 185 Moving Around in vi 186 Deleting and Changing Text in vi 187 Cutting, Copying, and Pasting in vi 187 Searching for and Replacing Text in vi 188 Undoing Changes in vi 190 Using Multiple Windows in vi 190 Customizing vim 191 XI Contents Graphical Versions of vi 193 More Information About vi and vim 193 Using emacs 194 A Few Words About emacs Commands 197 Emacs Terminology 198 Starting and Exiting emacs 199 Moving Around in emacs 202 Cutting, Copying, and Pasting in emacs 203 Searching for and Replacing Text in emacs 203 Working with Multiple Windows and Buffers in emacs 203 Customizing emacs 204 Getting More Information About emacs 206 Using gedit 206 Other Text Editors for Ubuntu 208 Summary 209 Chapter 8: Reading and Sending Mail with Evolution 211 Starting Evolution 212 Using the. Evolution Setup Assistant 213 Sending and Receiving Mail 222 Sending Mail in Evolution 225 Setting Evolution Preferences for Sending and Viewing Mail 227 Undeleting Mail Messages 229 Creating and Using Mail Folders 230 Using Search Folders 231 Filtering Incoming Mail 234 Automatically Processing Incoming Mail 234 Automatically Checking for Junk Mail 237 Additional Sources of Information About Evolution 238 Summary 239 Chapter 9: Surfing the Wels with Firefox 241 A Quick History of Firefox 241 Starting Firefox 242 The Firefox User Interface 244 Standard Parts of a Firefox Window 244 Using the Mouse in Firefox 245 Special and Not-So-Special Firefox Features 246 Configuring Firefox 248 Setting Your Home Page 248 Controlling Popups, JavaScript, and More 249 Configuring Your Privacy Settings 250 Workingwith ........ 253 Creating Bookmarks in Firefox 253 Managing Your Bookmarks 255 Creating Live Bookmarks 256 Enhancing Firefox 258 Adding Firefox Extension 258 Adding New Firefox Themes 261 Summary 263 xii Contents Chapter 10: Creating and Publishing Documents 265 Using Document Markup Languages on Ubuntu 266 Installing TeX on Your Ubuntu System 266 Using TeX Markup 267 Introducing LaTeX Markup 269 Formatting and Previewing DVI Files 270 Using Graphical Tools to Work with TeX and LaTeX 271 More Information About TeX and LaTeX 273 Word Processing with OpenOffice.org Writer 274 Installing Files for Writer 275 Taking a Quick Tour of Writer 276 Personalizing Writer 279 Using Wizards to Create Documents 280 Modifying Document Styles and Layout 283 Creating and Using Templates 286 Importing Documents from Other Word Processors 288 More Information About Writer 291 Desktop Publishing with Scribus 291 Installing Scribus on Ubuntu 292 Taking a Quick Scribus Tutorial 293 More Information About Scribus 301 Other Word Processors and Office Suites for Linux 301 Summary 302 Chapter 11: Other Office Software: Spreadsheets and Presentations . 303 Introduction to Spreadsheets: A Quick Tutorial 304 Using Gnumeric 314 Starting Gnumeric 315 Taking a Quick Tour of Gnumeric 315 Invoking Functions in Gnumeric 317 Specifying the Type of Data in a Cell 318 Importing Existing Spreadsheets 321 Using OpenOffice.org Calc 322 Installing Files for OpenOffice.org Calc 322 Starting Calc 323 Taking a Quick Tour of Calc 324 Invoking Functions in Calc 326 Specifying the Type of Data in a Cell 326 Importing Existing Spreadsheets 328 Using OpenOffice.org Impress 332 Installing Files for Impress 332 Starting Impress 333 Taking a Quick Tour of Impress 336 Creating a Presentation 339 Importing Existing Presentations 340 Summary 341 Contents Chapter 12: Working with Graphics 343 Overview of Digital Graphics Terminology 343 Using GIMP 346 Starting GIMP 347 A Quick Tour of GIMP 348 Sample GIMP Tasks 350 More Information About GIMP 356 Using OpenOffice.org Draw 356 Installing OpenOffice.org Draw 357 Starting Draw 358 A Quick Tour of Draw 358 More Information About OpenOffice.org Draw 360 Using Inkscape for Vector Graphics 360 Installing Inkscape 361 Starting Inkscape 362 A Quick Tour of Inkscape 362 More Information About Inkscape 363 Summary 364 Chapter 13: Working with Multimedia 365 Overview of Digital Audio and Video Terminology 365 Configuring Sound Devices, Levels, and System Sounds 370 Testing and Customizing System Sounds 370 Setting System Sound Levels 372 Getting Detailed Information About Your Sound Hardware 376 Setting CD and DVD Preferences 377 Installing the gstreamer Framework and Plug-ins 379 Working with CDs 382 Playing CDs Using Sound Juicer 383 Ripping CDs Using Sound Juicer 384 Burning CDs Using Serpentine 386 Working with Other Audio Sources 388 Playing Audio Files and Internet Radio Using Rhythmbox 388 Converting Audio File Formats 394 Working with DVDs an Ubuntu 398 Playing DVDs 398 Ripping DVDs 400 Copying DVDs and Burning DVD Images Using k3b 400 Summary 406 Chapter 14: Would You Like to Play a Garne? 409 Default GNOME Garnes 409 Card Garnes 410 Board Garnes 414 Video Garnes 419 Other Popular Garnes in the Ubuntu Repositories 424 Billions and Billions of Versions of Chess 424 Go 429 Monopoly Clones 430 Scrabble Clones 434 Summary 435 xiv Contents Chapter 15: Connecting to Other Systems 437 Establishing Secure Connections to Other Systems 437 Logging in to Remote Systems Using ssh 438 Enabling the SSH Daemon on Your System 439 Connecting to Other Systems Using
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