White paper ______
Guide to open source solutions
“Guide to open source by Smile ”
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PREAMBLE
SMILE
Smile is a company of engineers specialising in the implementing of open source solutions OM
and the integrating of systems relying on open source. Smile is member of APRIL, the tag">C
. association for the promotion and defence of free software, Alliance Libre, PLOSS, and PLOSS RA, which are regional cluster associations of free software companies.
OSS Smile has 600 throughout the World which makes it the largest company in Europe
- specialising in open source. Since approximately 2000, Smile has been actively supervising developments in technology which enables it to discover the most promising open source products, to qualify and assess
them so as to offer its clients the most accomplished, robust and sustainable products. SMILE
. This approach has led to a range of white papers covering various fields of application: Content management (2004), portals (2005), business intelligence (2006), PHP frameworks (2007), virtualisation (2007), and electronic document management (2008), as well as PGIs/ERPs (2008). Among the works published in 2009, we would also cite “open source
VPN’s”, “Firewall open source flow control”, and “Middleware”, within the framework of the WWW “System and Infrastructure” collection. Each of these works presents a selection of best open source solutions for the domain in question, their respective qualities as well as operational feedback. As open source solutions continue to acquire new domains, Smile will be there to help its clients benefit from these in a risk-free way. Smile is present in the European IT landscape as the integration architect of choice to support the largest companies in the adoption of the best open source solutions. Over recent years, Smile has also extended the range of services it offers. Since 2005, a consulting department has been supporting our clients both in the pre- project phases and in project guidance. Smile has had a graphics studio since 2000 which in 2007 became an Interactive agency which, in addition to graphics creation also offered emarketing expertise, publishing and rich interfaces. Smile also has an agency which specialises in Third Party Application Management, support and operating of applications. Finally, Smile is based in Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Lille, Grenoble, Nantes, Bordeaux and Montpellier. It is also present in Spain, Benelux, Switzerland, Ukraine and Morocco.
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THIS WHITE PAPER
The studies agree: open source solutions are used by the majority of companies, both large and small, whether or not it was a conscious decision. This comes as no surprise given the rich
and varied range of open source solutions available today. Smile has been regularly publishing white papers presenting the extraordinary depth of these
OM solutions since 2004: content management in 2004, portals in 2005, business intelligence in
C 2006, virtualisation in 2007, electronic document management and ERPs in 2008, open source . VPNs and firewalls in 2009, e-commerce and corporate social networks in 2010, and so on. A total of 22 documents have thus been produced and are available for free to download.
OSS Each text presents a selection of the best open source solutions for the domain in question, - outlining their respective strengths and providing feedback on real life experiences in using these tools. Yet one thing was missing: a central repository containing the best open source solutions on
the market, which could be used to guide and orientate decision makers toward benchmark SMILE
. solutions. We have received many requests for such a guide, particularly from IT Departments. The gap has now been filled with this white paper, which presents more than 170 products in 40 enterprise software domains. All product types are included, or nearly all - this paper does
not, for example, look at workstation or “office automation” applications like Firefox, Gimp
WWW
and LibreOffice - with a summary presentation (creation date, licensing, technologies, etc.) and an assessment of each based on six standard criteria. This document was developed by more than 30 of our top technical, functional and business specialists. We hope that this white paper will be of use to you. Before launching into the following 200+ pages, we recommend you read through the next section, which describes our analytical methodology and lists our suggestions for deriving maximum value from the guide. Enjoy!
Please feel free to share your opinions and assessments of the products presented in this white paper with us. Likewise, do let us know if there is a solution you would like to see included, which we have omitted. One address for both: [email protected]
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CONTENTS
PREAMBLE ...... 2
SMILE ...... 2 THIS WHITE PAPER ...... 3
CONTENTS ...... 4 OM
C ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY ...... 6 . PRESENTATION ...... 6
HOW TO GET THE MOST FROM THIS GUIDE ...... 12 OSS
- BEST OPEN SOURCE SOLUTIONS ...... 13
INFRASTRUCTURE DIMENSION ...... 13 REMOTE COMPUTER CONTROL ...... 14 IT ASSET AND INVENTORY MANAGEMENT ...... 18
SMILE ROLL-OUT AND BACK-UPS ...... 23 . HIGH AVAILABILITY ...... 27 SECURITY ...... 32 VPNS ...... 39
FIREWALLS ...... 42 WWW SUPERVISION AND METRICS ...... 47 LINUX & BSD OPERATING SYSTEMS ...... 55 VIRTUALISATION ...... 64 VOIP / TELEPHONY...... 70 MESSAGING, EMAIL MARKETING & GROUPWARE ...... 75 HTTP ACCELERATORS ...... 85 OTHER ...... 89 DEVELOPMENT AND INTERMEDIATE LAYERS DIMENSION ...... 94 CORPORATE DIRECTORIES ...... 95 DATABASES ...... 99 BPM / WORKFLOW ...... 106 DEVELOPMENT TOOLS ...... 110 TESTING & CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION ...... 121 ESBS ...... 127 WEB DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORKS AND LIBRARIES ...... 132 CROSS-PLATFORM MOBILE FRAMEWORKS ...... 146 PKIS ...... 150 IDENTITY AUTHENTICATION, FEDERATION AND MANAGEMENT ...... 155 LOAD TESTING TOOLS ...... 162
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SEARCH ENGINES ...... 166 HTTP AND APPLICATION SERVERS ...... 173 MOM & EAI ...... 179 OTHER ...... 184
APPLICATIONS DIMENSION ...... 187
CRMS ...... 188 BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE: ETLS ...... 193
OM BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE: REPORTING ...... 196
C BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE: SUITES ...... 200 . E-COMMERCE ...... 205 ERPS ...... 213
OSS CMSS ...... 219 - EDM & ECM ...... 230 LIBRARIES & DOCUMENTATION ...... 236 PORTALS...... 239 CORPORATE SOCIAL NETWORKS (CSNS) ...... 244
SMILE BLOGS, WIKIS AND FORUMS ...... 250 . E-LEARNING ...... 258 VISITOR TRACKING ...... 262 OTHER ...... 265
CONCLUSION ...... 268
WWW
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... 269 INDEX OF SOLUTIONS ...... 270
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ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY
PRESENTATION
In preparing this white paper, we solicited our technical, functional and business experts, OM
with the primary objective of creating a broad, practical reference guide to the best open C
. source solutions on the market.
OSS
- Choice of categories We began by establishing a list of the categories that would be presented in this guide. It was vital to group products in this way given the vastness of open source options available today. In the end, we selected only domains that make sense for corporate solutions, and in which
SMILE Smile has previously implemented projects and has real expertise. . We assigned each of these forty-some categories to the following dimensions: . Infrastructure: IT asset management, firewalls, VPNs, supervision, virtualisation, operating systems, HTTP accelerators, etc.
. Development and intermediate layers: corporate directories, databases, ESBs, web
WWW
and mobile frameworks, search engines, MOM and EAI, etc. . Applications: CRMs, business intelligence tools, CMSs, EDM tools, portals, e- commerce solutions, etc.
Choice of solutions For each category, we asked our technical, functional and business experts to select the best solutions, those which any company could use with complete confidence as foundations for its most ambitious projects. In some cases, there were so many products available that we had to differentiate between “primary” and “secondary” tools. Only primary tools were including in our selection and our recommendations. We have attempted to make this guide as comprehensive as possible. More than 300 open source tools are presented here, offering you a broad choice for building the most appropriate architectures for your needs.
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Assessment criteria Our choice of tools was largely based on feedback from the field and our experience on hundreds of past projects. We also performed objective evaluations of six criteria applicable
to all of our categories, an explanation of which you will find below.
Because we did not want this white paper to be a mere reference file, but rather a real guide for decision makers, we decided to make our results public.
OM It will thus provide you with reliable indicators covering each tool’s reputation, dynamics, the C
. quality of its technical base, its functional scope, its expandability and adaptability, and the availability of resources/profiles to support you through its integration with your
environment. OSS
- Wherever possible – and, in particular, wherever relevant – we calculated the average score of all solutions in each category in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each specific tool.
The six analytical criteria are as follows: SMILE
. Current reputation A solution’s current reputation is important, insofar as it can provide a sense of security
or at least advance notice of potential issues. However, a reputation built on marketing WWW investments will not last long if it is not accompanied by a dynamic community and basic technical quality. While it will be decisive to implement a solution that is strong at the time of installation, it is even more crucial for the indicators to all have the green light, such that the solution will remain a good one over at least the next three years. Resource availability, pricing and upgradability will be directly dependent on this. For this reason, although the criterion of reputation is important, it is not enough to make an informed decision. For this criterion, we considered: . Number and importance of customer references . Number and reputation of existing integrators (and are they independent? SMEs? large groups? is there only one integrator for the product?) . References in the trade press . Size of forum and mailing list archives . Google PageRank for the site, linked to the number of high-ranked websites pointing to the product’s site . Exchanges on social networks: Twitter, Facebook, Google+, etc.
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Dynamics This pertains to the solution’s dynamics, particularly in respect to its community. Along
with technical quality, this factor directly determines the position the solution will hold in
the future. In the end, a vendor’s investments are not particularly important in view of the patches, documentation and even marketing that an active community can produce.
OM We believe that models in which the vendor is almost the sole integrator of its product C
. are not favourable to the development of a community of partners contributing to the product’s dynamics.
For this criterion, we considered: OSS - . Increases in forum and mailing list volumes . IRC chat activity . Governance: how often are integrators and users consulted and included as
stakeholders in the product’s design and upgrades? SMILE
. . Frequency of documentation updates, especially wikis . CVS/SVN code submissions . Frequency of releases
. References by independent players, including occasional bloggers WWW
Technical base Investments and communities are still small potatoes compared with questions of coherence, power, and alignment with the modelling standards at the core of an open source application.
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Functionalities are just the top layer built on these foundations, and the cost of implementation of the same business function can easily vary from one to five times the price, depending on the technical quality of the base. Thus, even in the case of tremendous investments, further enhancements to a product’s functional side will cease to be possible beyond a certain point, if the application is based on abstractions at too low a level, whereas a well designed solution using clear and efficient concepts can, on the contrary, be expanded at a lesser cost. Naturally, a financially sound vendor can
recode its solution – a common practice today – but once your implementation of a OM
C solution has been rendered, it is quite difficult or financially impractical to adapt it to a
. vendor’s new offering if it has fundamentally changed. The ideal foundation should permit continual enhancement; otherwise you will be the one to pay the price of brutal
migrations.
OSS
-
SMILE
.
WWW
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For this criterion, we considered: . Compliance with existing standards (a sign of maintainability and ease of handling) . Power and canonicity of the abstractions utilised (sign of productivity, here referring to ORM, native web services, etc.) . Use of a framework
OM . Degree of code factoring (sign of reliability and easy handling)
C . Strength of hooks, anchors and interfaces for dedicated plug-ins . . Maturity and cover of web services . Product learning curve: a flat curve receives a lower score
OSS . Application modularity (Inversion Of Control pattern where possible, such that - the application comprises a small kernel and plug-ins that take account of one another) . No obvious performance issues
SMILE .
Functional scope
This refers to the overall functional scope of the solution in relation to what is commonly WWW found among tools of the same category. It provides a valuable indicator regarding the tool’s capacity, even if we do recommend, wherever possible, going down to the “macroscopic” level when comparing solutions for a given scope. Our thematic papers (open source CMSs, open source EDM, open source ERPs, etc.) can help with this type of comparison. We would also like to note that, while this is an important criterion in terms of enjoying a tool that, from the outset, has as broad a scope as possible, the criterion of “flexibility” has a greater impact in terms of cost. This is because it can be relatively simple to add functionalities when a tool is flexible.
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Flexibility / Expandability Businesses must sometimes go beyond their tool’s native functional scope. In fact, it’s quite common. Hw easy is this to do? This is a decisive criterion in terms of the total cost of ownership, given the cost of custom developments. Flexibility has many points in
common with technology, but it places its emphasis specifically on the tool’s modularity and on the efficiency of third party developments.
OM For this criterion, we considered (among other points): C
. . Possibility of adding plug-ins . Ease of modifying data structures to add or alter business object storage
. Ease of modifying user interfaces to make them more ergonomic OSS
- . Ease of modifying the processing performed . Speed and simplicity of development cycles: do classes need to be recompiled / redeployed, and do metadata need to be imported or exported to or from the database? if so, how are functional enhancements rolled out to a database in
production?
SMILE .
Resources WWW Difficulty or ease of finding service providers on the market that are capable of performing advanced developments on the tool. Is it easy to find resources to implement a project? Will I be dependent on a provider? Warning: Be careful not to misinterpret this indicator, because superior technology can easily compensate for more substantial initial adjustments.
As a complement to this paper presenting the best open source solutions, we recommend that you read our other white paper on “Open source policies”, freely available for downloading. This text explains the benefits afforded to IT departments by establishing an open source policy.
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HOW TO GET THE MOST FROM THIS GUIDE
This page explains how this document is organised. All the solutions are presented in the same format, to simplify reading and comprehension.
OM Presentation of the tool: name, version studied and website. We C
. have also specified whether the solution is community or vendor driven.
OSS -
SMILE .
Description of the WWW tool : type of tool, date created, author, functional presentation, type of distribution licence, technical base and opinions.
Assessment of the tool based on six criteria: the orange section (both light and dark) corresponds to the tool’s cover; the dotted black line denotes the average score for the category; and the dark orange section indicates the tool’s strengths (above average scoring).
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BEST OPEN SOURCE SOLUTIONS
INFRASTRUCTURE
DIMENSION OM
C The “Infrastructure” dimension is certainly the best represented in the field of open source . tools, with hundreds and even thousands of available solutions. And it is from this dimension that open source projects are born. Many have reached such
OSS prominence that they are close to being household names; tools such as the Apache HTTP - server, the Nagios supervision tool, or the Linux line of operating systems. These projects and the many others included in this dimension lay the foundation for a sound infrastructure capable of hosting the best applications under the most optimal conditions.
More than 50 solutions are evaluated here for this dimension, and more than 90 are listed in SMILE
. total, among the following categories:
. Remote computer control . Supervision and Metrics
. IT asset and inventory . Linux & BSD operating systems WWW management . Virtualisation . Roll-out and back-ups . VoIP / Telephony . High availability . Messaging, Email marketing & . Security Groupware . VPNs . HTTP accelerators . Firewalls . Other
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REMOTE COMPUTER CONTROL
More and more remote computer control solutions are becoming available, and their technology has
OM advanced impressively in recent years. C
. These tools were initially created to meet user support and assistance needs. They can, as needed, be either localised or spread across some or all of a
OSS company’s client workstations. - They are used to respond to the different issues encountered at companies, including shared views of computers and file transfers.
SMILE The open source range in this category includes tools . like FreeNx, TightVNC and OpenSSH. The latter is the favourite among systems administrators in the world of UNIX servers.
WWW
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FreeNx Version studied: 0.7.3 Website: http://freenx.berlios.de
Vendor driven solution (NoMachine)
FreeNX is a set of components that implements the NX protocol. FreeNX was developed by
OM the company NoMachine in 2005. The firm continues to support it and even offers different
C editions of the product, including commercial editions. . FreeNX is a protocol for remotely accessing UNIX systems. It is based on the X11 protocol, although with a number of optimisations that simplify its use on low bandwidth networks.
OSS Similar to Microsoft RDesktop, it allows sessions to be stored and devices like printers, sound
- cards, etc., to be shared. FreeNX performs well under compression, and its session and resource management are quite reliable. It is available under the GPL.
SMILE FreeNX has been developed by a community since 2006 and is written in C/C++. .
WWW
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TightVNC Version studied: 2.0.4 Website: www.tightvnc.com
Community driven solution
TightVNC is a set of tools that implements the VNC protocol.
OM This protocol provides for remote graphic displays via another network protocol, RFB C
. (Remote Frame Buffer). It is a very widespread protocol used in graphical computer administration, user support, etc. TightVNC is therefore defined as a remote control and online administration programme that can be used on any computer, irrespective of the
OSS operating system. - TightVNC has been available since 2001 under the GPL v2. It is written in C/C++.
SMILE
. WWW
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OpenSSH Version studied: 5.9 Website: http://www.openssh.com
Foundation driven solution (OpenBSD)
OpenSSH is a software suite used for remote server administration.
OM In the world of UNIX servers, it is the preferred software among systems administrators. Over C
. the years, OpenSSH has added numerous functionalities providing for much more than the traditional “network console” use. In particular, OpenSSH enables the set-up of simple VPNs
and the remote display of graphics applications. OSS
- Since 1999, OpenSSH has been developed under the BSD License by the OpenBSD Foundation, which has a number of companies providing OpenSSH support. Like most BSD projects, OpenSSH is written in C, and great attention is given to the quality of
its code. SMILE
. WWW
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IT ASSET AND INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
Open source IT asset and inventory management tools are becoming more and more popular in
OM companies, with references like GLPI and OCS
C Inventory NG used by many players in the CAC 40. . These solutions have a broad scope, including functions such as management of the company’s
OSS hardware assets, management of associated contracts - (computers, devices, printers, network components, consumables, etc.), support functions (with or without user access, detailed user rights management, automated notifications with personalisable
SMILE templates, SLAs, etc.), license management and more. . IT asset and inventory management tools can also incorporate a financial dimension (cost tracking model, calculation of depreciation, etc.).
WWW
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GLPI Version studied: 0.80.2 Website: www.glpi-project.org
Community driven solution
GLPI is an IT inventory and helpdesk tool launched in 2003 and driven by Julien Dombre, Jean-
OM Mathieu Doléans and Bazile Lebeau. C
. It provides for: hardware management, including associated contracts: computers (with automated information feeds if combined with OCS-NG or Fusion Inventory), devices, printers,
OSS network components and consumables; - support functions: with or without user access, detailed user rights management, automated notifications with personalisable templates, and SLAs; substantial expandability thanks to its plug-ins: integration with supervision software,
project management, new inventory items, etc. SMILE . GLPI is distributed under the GPL. GLPI is based on PHP/MySQL technologies.
WWW
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OCS Inventory NG Version studied: 2.0 Website: www.ocsinventory-ng.org
Community driven solution
OCS Inventory NG is a French automated computer workstation inventory tool created in
OM 2001. C
. OCS transmits information on both the hardware features of each workstation, as well as the software installed there. All these data can then be viewed on a web interface with export functions. Software dictionaries can also be defined for the purpose of groupings (such as for
OSS Windows Updates). Concerning remote deployment, OCS can manage software installs on
- Windows, Mac or Linux workstations, by means of packages created by administrators. Remote deployments are secure and can be scheduled. In addition, the architecture of OCS servers can be divided so as to avoid network congestion during major remote roll-outs.
OCS is available under the GPL v2. SMILE
. It is primarily based on Perl and MySQL technologies.
WWW
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Pulse 2 Version studied: 1.3.1.1 Website: www.mandriva.com/en/pro/pulse
Vendor driven solution (Mandriva)
Pulse 2 is software created by Mandriva for IT inventory management, workstation imaging
OM and remote deployment. C
. Thanks to an agent installed on each computer, Pulse 2 transmits the workstations’ hardware and software characteristics. The agent is also used to allow administrators to remotely control computers via the VNC protocol on a secure channel (SSH). Remote roll-out is done in
OSS packages, potentially on a decentralised basis, with reporting and scheduling functionalities.
- Windows, Mac and Linux platforms are supported. Workstation imaging makes it possible to create masters and to rapidly and remotely install them on computers without any intervention by the administrators (remote control / PXE).
Pulse 2 is distributed under the GPL. SMILE
. It is built on several technologies: Python, MySQL and C++.
WWW
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Other Among the different products available in the field of asset and inventory management, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM Fusion Inventory http://fusioninventory.org
C . Linbox Rescue Server http://lrs.linbox.org
OSS
-
SMILE
. WWW
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ROLL-OUT AND BACK-UPS
Back-up tools like Bacula are used to save important data on different media, based on a series of highly
OM advanced rules. C
. The functionalities included in back-up tools can include very detailed back-up scheduling (e.g. calendars), definition of back-up types (full,
OSS incremental or differential), storage location, etc. - Some tools go as far as to offer multi-streaming, multi-plexing, user back-ups, back-up pool management and more.
Roll-out tools like Puppet can remotely prepare SMILE
. environments, based on pre-defined rules or an expected end state. All major companies use roll-out software to simplify the administration of their IT environment.
WWW
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Bacula Version studied: 5.0.3 Website: www.bacula.org
Vendor driven solution (Bacula Systems)
Bacula is a highly flexible back-up and recovery system developed in 2000 by Kern Sibbald,
OM and now supported by Bacula Systems. C
. Bacula provides for highly detailed back-up scheduling, in terms of both its calendar and the back-up type (full, incremental or differential). Bacula’s architecture is based on three key components: the Director is the conductor, performing central coordination of the back-up
OSS processes; the File Daemon is the agent deployed on each client, in charge of performing the
- back-up under the Director’s control; and the Storage Daemon interfaces with the storage media. Bacula also implements advanced functionalities used in all effective back-up solutions, such as multi-streaming, multi-plexing, user back-ups, back-up pool management and more.
SMILE Bacula is distributed under the GPL and is developed in C/C++. It uses a PostgreSQL or MySQL . database.
WWW
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Puppet Version studied: 2.6 Website: http://puppetlabs.com
Vendor driven solution (Puppet Labs)
Puppet is an infrastructure automation tool.
OM Rather than describing a series of actions to be performed, like with traditional admin tools, C
. the administrator enters the desired end state (permissions needed, files and software installed, configurations applied, etc.), and Puppet automatically takes the system to the specified state, irrespective of the starting point. In this way, Puppet centrally administrates a
OSS large and heterogeneous environment. - Puppet boasts a community of enthusiastic and dynamic users, as well as professional support provided by its vendor, Puppet Labs. It is distributed under the Apache License.
Puppet is written in Ruby.
SMILE
. WWW
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Other Among the different products available in the field of roll-out and back-ups, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM Kdump http://lse.sourceforge.net/kdump
C . mkCDrec http://mkcdrec.sourceforge.net
SIS http://sourceforge.net/projects/sisuite
OSS - CloneZilla http://clonezilla.org
Partimage http://www.partimage.org
Pulse 2 http://www.mandriva.com/en/pro/pulse
SMILE . OCS Inventory NG http://www.ocsinventory-ng.org
Amanda http://www.amanda.org/
BackupPC http://backuppc.sourceforge.net/ WWW Spacewalk http://spacewalk.redhat.com/
Cobbler http://cobbler.github.com/
CFengine http://cfengine.com/
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HIGH AVAILABILITY
‘High availability’ is a term frequently used to designate a service or system architecture that must
OM be available as continuously as possible, ideally 100%
C of the time. . It is very important for companies to install high availability technologies for information systems that
OSS serve as the central nervous system of their - organisation. They can be implemented in a number of different ways, namely from either a physical or a logical point of view.
There are excellent open source tools designed to SMILE
. ensure that services are always responsive. Keepalived, for example, operates like a router to guide queries based on service status, while Linux-HA enables communications between servers, allowing for the modification of configurations on the fly,
WWW based on the status of the other servers on the network.
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Linux-HA Version studied: 3.0.4 Website: www.linux-ha.org
Community driven solution
The Linux-HA project provides high availability components for UNIX type operating systems.
OM The main component is the communication software, Heartbeat, which informs a group of C
. machines of their respective statuses, making it possible to trigger actions in a concerted manner without requiring a third party server. Heartbeat is typically used with a cluster resource manager like Pacemaker, whose role is to manage dependencies between services
OSS and to perform automated switching. A very basic resource manager is supplied by Linux-HA,
- which is quite often sufficient for companies’ needs. Linux-HA is the most widespread high availability system and many service providers cover its
support. Its first components date back to 1999. The GPL v2 is most commonly used.
SMILE Linux-HA is written in C and Python. .
WWW
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LVS Version studied: 1.2.1 Website: www.linuxvirtualserver.org
Community driven solution
LVS (Linux Virtual Server) is the load balancer included in the Linux kernel since 1998. It was
OM written by Wensong Zhang. C
. It routes incoming network connections to a set of machines by applying a number of traditional balancing policies (round robin, weighted round robin, etc.). It is merely one brick in a load balancing system, given that it cannot configure itself. Third party software is used to
OSS test server statuses and update the LVS configuration in the event of a server failure. - Like all other Linux components, LVS is available under the GPL v2 and is supported by a large number of service providers.
SMILE
. WWW
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HAProxy Version studied: 1.4.17 Website: http://haproxy.1wt.eu
Community driven solution
HAProxy is a reverse proxy used for load distribution. The project began in 2001 and was
OM written by Willy Tarreau. C
. It natively handles HTTP protocol, enabling the set-up of session affinity by means of cookies. It has a number of status verification mechanisms used to detect any failed servers and to redirect their traffic to other servers.
OSS HAProxy is distributed under the GPL v2 and is officially supported by a small number of - companies.
SMILE
. WWW
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Keepalived Version studied: 1.2.1 Website: www.keepalived.org
Community driven solution
Keepalived is a component used to configure LVS. The project was launched in 2001.
OM As LVS is a relatively basic and static system, it needs software to maintain its configuration. C
. Keepalived can test the availability of a service (e.g. TCP connections, HTTP queries, etc.) and update the list of usable servers for LVS. It also manages an IP switch system based on VRRP,
for its own redundancy. OSS
- Keepalived is supplied under the GPL.
SMILE
. WWW
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SECURITY
The field of security is very vast, with products ranging from antiviruses to intrusion detection systems, for
OM which there are many open source options. C
. In this section, we will present integrity verifiers, virus detectors, intrusion detectors, network analysers and security testers. Anti-spam tools like Spam Assassin
OSS and DSPAM are included in the Messaging, Email - marketing & Groupware category. All these tools are invaluable aids that help systems and network administrators to ensure the integrity of
their IT environment. SMILE
. Given the diversity of the tools selected for this category, the graphs below do not display the average
scores. WWW
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AIDE Version studied: 0.15.1 Website: http://aide.sourceforge.net
Community driven solution
AIDE is a UNIX systems integrity checker, developed beginning in 1999. Rami Lehti and Pablo
OM Virolainen launched the development, followed by Richard van den Berg from 2003 to 2010,
C and now by Hannes von Haugwitz. . Its goal is to establish a fingerprint of a system’s files at the time of installation and later to confirm the system’s alignment with that fingerprint. This allows the administrator to identify
OSS any suspicious file alterations, which are typically a sign of an intrusion on the system. - AIDE is available under the GPL.
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ClamAV Version studied: 0.97.2 Website: www.clamav.net
Vendor driven solution (Sourcefire)
ClamAV is a virus detector created prior to 2005.
OM Unlike its equivalents in the Windows world, it is not used to protect the machine on which it C
. is installed, but rather to scan the files stored on it. For example, it is often used on web servers, file servers and mail servers. ClamAV can detect a large number of threats on any operating system. Signature updates, sustained by a very involved community, can be
OSS accessed free of charge. - ClamAV is available under the GPL v2. The antivirus engine is the library libclamav, written in C.
SMILE
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Snort Version studied: 2.9.1 Website: www.snort.org
Vendor driven solution (Sourcefire)
Snort is a network intrusion detector created in 1998 by Martin Roesch.
OM Often used as a probe, it also has an active mode that allows it to block any suspicious traffic C
. when installed on routing equipment. In other words, it is a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) that performs real-time traffic analyses on a given network segment. Although the engine is distributed under the GPL, it is of no use without a rule base, which
OSS does entail a paid subscription with the vendor. Nonetheless, the rules are available free of - charge after a period of 30 days.
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OpenVAS Version studied: 4.0 Website: www.openvas.org
Vendor driven solution (Greenbone)
OpenVAS (Open Vulnerability Assessment System) is a spin-off of the famed Nessus scanner,
OM the first version of which dates back to 1998. C
. It tests for any weak points in a scanned system’s security. Unlike Nessus, OpenVAS is completely open source, with free updates provided by its community. Paid updates, whose availability is guaranteed, and a graphical administration interface can be obtained through
OSS the vendor, Greenbone. - OpenVAS is available under the GPL.
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Wireshark Version studied: 1.6.2 Website: www.wireshark.org
Foundation driven solution (Wireshark)
Wireshark (formerly Ethereal, renamed for copyright reasons) is a network traffic analyser
OM created in 1998. It is a member of the packet sniffer family. C
. It is used by numerous administrators to diagnose complex network problems. Available in the form of a large graphics application as well as a text mode interface, it can decode a very large number of protocols, including encrypted ones.
OSS Wireshark is available under the GPL. - Wireshark is multi-platform, running on Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Solaris and FreeBSD. It recognises a total of 759 protocols.
SMILE
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Other Among the different products available in the field of security, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM Bastille http://bastille-linux.sourceforge.net
C . OpenSIMS http://opensims.sourceforge.net
RadicalSpam http://www.radical-spam.org
OSS -
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VPNS
A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, can be broadly defined as referring to the different technologies used
OM to extend a company’s network while preserving data
C confidentiality and overcoming the physical barriers . of traditional networks. VPN solutions generally provide the following
OSS benefits: public key authentication, confidential - exchanges, preserved confidentiality in the case of compromised encryption secrets, and packet transfers to private networks via public ones.
In the world of open source solutions there are many SMILE
. quality products, including OpenVPN and Openswan,
presented below. WWW
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OpenVPN Version studied: 2.2.1 Website: http://openvpn.net
Vendor driven solution (OpenVPN Technologies)
OpenVPN is the spearhead for a fairly recent category of VPN: SSL VPNs. It has been around
OM since 2002 and was written by James Yonan. C
. SSL VPNs reuse SSL encryption mechanisms to authenticate and encrypt their connections. OpenVPN is based on the product OpenSSL, the main open source implementation of the SSL protocol in terms of both quality and usage levels, and utilises its encryption and identity
OSS verification routines to provide excellent data security. - OpenVPN is distributed under the GPL v2. Available for Solaris, Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Mac OS X, Windows 2000, XP, Vista and 7, it also offers a good number of additional security and control functions.
SMILE
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Openswan Version studied: 2.6.35 Website: www.openswan.org
Community driven solution
Openswan is an implementation of IPsec for Linux and a continuation of the FreeS/WAN
OM project (dating back to 1999). C
. Openswan enables the set-up of IPsec links between machines, as well as VPN tunnels, both between corporate networks and for mobile clients. It is compatible with a large number of operating systems and proprietary solutions.
OSS Openswan is available under the GPL. -
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FIREWALLS
The concept of the firewall is often linked to the notion of routing, i.e. the transiting of network flows
OM between different machines. C
. As a result, firewalls are usually installed on routing equipment, of which they are an integral part. This means that routing can be modified by a firewall
OSS decision, and that the firewall will apply different - filtering rules depending on the origin and destination of the traffic. This is the firewall’s main function. Firewalls can also be used in a more qualitative, more refined role, such as determining the bandwidth
SMILE authorised for a particular application in a particular . context. The open source firewall market is very complete,
with products like Packet Filter, netfilter and pfSense. WWW
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PF (Packet Filter) Version studied: 4.9 (aligned with OpenBSD versions) Website: www.openbsd.org/faq/pf
Community driven solution
PF (Packet Filter) is the filtering layer integrated with BSD UNIX legacy open source solutions
OM (FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, etc.). PF was created in 2001 by Daniel Hartmeier as a
C replacement for IPFilter. . This system has the advantage of using a simple configuration language and of integrating NAT and QoS functionalities. Packet Filter has become the most powerful open source tool to
OSS act as a firewall. It can also be used for load balancing and to handle network traffic on open
- source BSD UNIX machines. PF is distributed under the BSD License.
SMILE
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netfilter Version studied: 1.4.12 Website: www.netfilter.org
Community driven solution
netfilter, sometimes referred to as iptables, is the filtering layer integrated with the Linux
OM kernel. It was created by Rusty Russell in 1998. C
. It is an extremely flexible system that integrates with the kernel’s routing and QoS functionalities, and includes its own NAT functions. It has many filtering criteria (time, data volume, etc.) and connection tracking modules for complex protocols (like FTP, SIP and H323).
OSS However, it is complicated to configure, so a third party tool is often used to generate its
- configuration (Shorewall, ferm, etc.). netfilter is distributed under the GPL v2.
SMILE
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pfSense Version studied: 2.0 Website: www.pfsense.org
Vendor driven solution (BSD Perimeter)
pfSense is a software distribution used to create a network gateway from an x86 server. It
OM was originally created in 2004 from a fork of m0n0wall by Chris Buechler and Scott Ullrich. C
. Very commonly used in SMEs and other small organisations, pfSense offers a complete routing, filtering, VPN and connection sharing solution. It is based on PF and incorporates a large number of third party components: DHCP/DNS server, time server, web proxy,
OSS monitoring, and more. Configuration is done exclusively via a web interface. - pfSense is available under the BSD License. Official support is provided by BSD Perimeter.
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Other Among the different products available in the field of firewalls, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM NuFW http://www.nufw.org
C . Uncomplicated Firewall https://launchpad.net/ufw
Firewall Builder http://www.fwbuilder.org
OSS - ferm http://ferm.foo-projects.org
Shorewall http://shorewall.net
Vyatta http://cfengine.com/
SMILE .
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SUPERVISION AND METRICS
Supervision and metrics are quite well covered by open source solutions, with many quality products
OM available. Nagios in particular enjoys a very strong
C reputation. . Supervision tools are used to monitor networks, machines, services and more. The functionalities they
OSS provide include views of the status of supervised - services and machines, metrics, reporting, access to supervision events, and advanced user and ACL management, but also dependencies, escalations, service and host templates, active and passive
SMILE monitoring support, etc. . Six open source solutions have been evaluated for this category.
WWW Given the diversity of the tools selected for this category, the graphs below do not display the average scores.
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Cacti Version studied: 0.8.7 Website: www.cacti.net
Community driven solution
Cacti is based on the metrics solution, RRDTool. It can create a graphic representation of any
OM quantifiable data collected either via network protocols like SNMP or scripts personalised by
C the user. . It is considered the worthy successor of MRTG and provides a real interface with RRDTool by enabling changes to every aspect of the graphs it generates. Its highly advanced configuration
OSS capabilities mean that it is often used as a complement to supervision solutions like Nagios,
- particularly for the metrics side, in cases where there is heavy, specialised demand. The community has developed many plug-ins that extend Cacti’s functionalities, in some cases beyond mere metrics. Cacti is distributed under the GPL v2.
It operates from a web server equipped with a database and uses the PHP language. Cacti SMILE
. also uses a system of scripts (Bash, PHP, Perl, VBs, etc.) to perform more complex measurements.
WWW
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Nagios Version studied: 3.3.1 Website: www.nagios.org
Vendor driven solution (Nagios Enterprises)
Nagios (formerly NetSaint) is a network supervision application created in 1999 by Ethan
OM Galstad. It is considered to be the benchmark for open source supervision solutions. C
. Nagios includes a multitude of functionalities such as multiple legacy management, dependencies, escalation notices, service and host templates, active and passive monitoring support and more. This makes it a very comprehensive tool that can adapt to any type of use,
OSS with extremely advanced configuration options. - Its modularity and the strong community revolving around Nagios (250,000+ members participating in the development of numerous plug-ins and add-ons) offer supervision possibilities that now make it possible supervise almost any resource whatsoever.
The plug-ins are written in the programming language best suited to their task: shell scripts SMILE
. (Bash, ksh, etc.), C++, Perl, Python, Ruby, PHP, C#, etc.
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Centreon Version studied: 2.2.2 Website: www.centreon.com
Vendor driven solution (Merethis)
Centreon is a front-end web interface developed and supported by the French company
OM Merethis, used to configure supervision tools like Nagios, Inciga and Shinken. C
. In addition to its configuration capabilities, the sophisticated interface also offers numerous functionalities like views of the status of supervised services and machines, metrics, reporting, access to supervision events, advanced user and ACL management, and more.
OSS Centreon is distributed under the GPL v2. - For its web interface, Centreon is based on Apache and PHP technologies, and for its configuration and supervision data storage functions, it uses MySQL.
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Zabbix Version studied: 1.8 Website: www.zabbix.com
Vendor driven solution (ZABBIX SIA)
Zabbix is a complete monitoring solution with an embedded front-end web interface, one or
OM more decentralised servers, and pre-compiled multi-platform agents (Windows, Linux, AIX,
C Solaris, etc). . Zabbix can also perform SNMP and IPMI monitoring, as well as network discovery. Web checks are also incorporated, allowing for the simulation of a visitor’s route on a web server
OSS while simultaneously verifying content and page response times. Graphs and maps can be
- modelled directly in the front end for all the values supervised by Zabbix and its agents. Zabbix is available under the GPL. It is based on C/C++/PHP for the front end and MySQL/PostgreSQL/Oracle for the DB.
SMILE
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OpenNMS Version studied: 1.8.13 Website: www.opennms.org
Vendor driven solution (OpenNMS Group)
OpenNMS is to open source what HP OpenView and IBM Tivoli are to the proprietary world of
OM network management. C
. From the outset of its creation in 1999, OpenNMS was designed to meet the demands of large companies in terms of scalability, automation and flexibility, thereby providing for out- of-the-box management of tens of thousands of resources. Its many functionalities include
OSS automated discovery and monitoring of equipment and services, data collection and
- processing (in SNMP, JMX, XML, nrpe and others), advanced management of active and passive events, alerts and notifications with escalation and an on-call schedule, report generation, network graphics and cards, supervision of user path simulations, multi-site compatibility (remote polling), etc.
SMILE OpenNMS is available under the GPL v3 and complies with FCAPS standards. . OpenNMS is developed in Java and is based on the Jetty web server and the PostgreSQL DBMS.
WWW
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Munin Version studied: 1.4.5 Website: http://munin-monitoring.org
Community driven solution
The project was started in 2004, created by the company Redpill Linpro and joined by
OM numerous other developers soon thereafter. The project continues to be very active today. C
. Munin can monitor any server parameter and then transmit the information in the form of graphs on a web interface. It can also be used to evaluate any metrics: systems, networks, applications, or whatever else you might imagine. Its main assets are its simplicity and the
OSS multitude of available plug-ins (numbering in the hundreds) for additional graphs. - Munin is distributed under the GPL. Munin is based on the excellent RRDTool. It is written in Perl, which makes the software wholly multi-platform (Linux / UNIX / Windows). The plug-ins are executable files that can be
SMILE written in any language. .
WWW
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Other Among the different products available in the field of supervision and metrics, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website OM
C MRTG http://oss.oetiker.ch/mrtg . Zenoss http://community.zenoss.org
OSS Icinga https://www.icinga.org - op5 Monitor http://www.op5.com/network-monitoring/op5-monitor/
SMILE
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LINUX & BSD OPERATING SYSTEMS
Operating systems are the foundation of any computer programme. They provide the base for the
OM execution of thousands of applications. C
. In the world of open source solutions, two major families of operating systems are represented: Linux
based and BSD based OSs. OSS
- Despite the fact that they share a common base, each offers special features that make them better suited to a particular context.
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Debian Version studied: 6.0 Website: www.debian.org
Community driven solution
Debian is a free, open source, community-based operating system using the Linux kernel and
OM launched by Ian Murdock in 1993 with the support of the Free Software Foundation. C
. With one of the largest open source communities in the world (more than 1600 developers), the Debian project is the most complete distribution available, with close to 30,000 packages in version 6. The distribution is published in accordance with the community orientated
OSS philosophy that gave rise to open source software, and is a benchmark in terms of its quality
- and stability. Debian is a non-commercial GNU/Linux distribution.
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux Version studied: 6.0 Website: www.redhat.com/rhel
Vendor driven solution (Red Hat)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux is an open source operating system published by Red Hat since 1995.
OM Based on the historical Red Hat Linux distribution (now Fedora), RHEL is designed for C
. corporate use and enjoys vendor support and extended stability. Many agreements with software companies and hardware manufacturers ensure solid integration for companies.
OSS
-
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Novell SUSE Enterprise Linux Version studied: 11 Website: www.suse.com
Vendor driven solution (Novell / Attachmate Group)
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server is an open source operating system created in 1996, now
OM published by Novell. The first version of this distribution appeared in early 1994, making SUSE
C the oldest commercial distribution still existing today. . Based on the OpenSUSE distribution, it is designed for corporate use, with an emphasis on compatibility with Microsoft technologies. In terms of systems administration, Novell SUSE
OSS Enterprise Linux continues to privilege open standards like CIM (Common Information Model)
- and WS-Management (Web Service Management), both of which make it possible to consistently administrate heterogeneous environments with hardware from competing suppliers. Two versions are available: one for servers (SLES or SLE for Server) and the other for client
SMILE computers (SLED or SLE for Desktop). .
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Ubuntu Version studied: 11.04 Website: www.ubuntu.com
Vendor driven solution (Canonical)
Ubuntu is a community open source operating system based on Debian. The project was
OM launched in 2004 by Mark Shuttleworth of South Africa. C
. Officially supported by Canonical, Ubuntu can be used on servers and individual workstations alike. That being said, Ubuntu tends to be orientated toward the general public thanks to its user-friendly handling and control. It is a compact distribution (frequently distributed by CD)
OSS with a high level of software compatibility and numerous software programmes, either
- embedded or available for installation. One of Ubuntu’s great success stories is the fact that it is used on the computers of French Members of Parliament.
SMILE
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OpenBSD Version studied: 4.9 Website: www.openbsd.org
Foundation driven solution (OpenBSD)
OpenBSD is a free, open source, community operating system based on BSD UNIX. It was
OM created in 1994 by Theo de Raadt. The project is a spin-off of NetBSD, from which it separated
C in 1996. . Developed by the OpenBSD Foundation, which boasts more than a hundred developers, the OpenBSD project is a complete operating system that focuses on quality and code security. It
OSS is often used on sensitive network equipment. - OpenBSD is distributed under the BSD License. The vast majority of its code is written in C.
SMILE
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FreeBSD Version studied: 8.2 Website: www.freebsd.org
Community driven solution
FreeBSD is a free, open source, community operating system based on BSD UNIX. The project
OM saw the light of day in 1993. C
. FreeBSD emphasises performance and functionalities, incorporating advanced storage (ZFS), network, and security (i.e. Mac and BSM audit framework) functionalities. It is primarily used on the web and at the core of proprietary hardware (Juniper and NetApp, etc.).
OSS FreeBSD is distributed under the BSD License. - The majority of its code is written in C.
SMILE
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NetBSD Version studied: 5.1 Website: www.netbsd.org
Community driven solution
NetBSD is a free, open source, community operating system based on BSD UNIX. The project
OM was created in 1993. C
. It emphasises portability and code quality, as well as user-friendliness. It is primarily used in research and in embedded devices. Its careful design and advanced functionalities make it an excellent solution for both production environments and research. NetBSD is developed and
OSS supported by a large and active international community. It offers multiple forms of user
- support. It should be noted that the entirety of its source code can be accessed. Many applications are readily available via the NetBSD packets system. NetBSD is distributed under the BSD License.
SMILE The majority of its code is in C. .
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Other Among the different products available in the field of Linux & BSD operating systems, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM Mandriva Linux http://www.mandriva.com
C . Fedora http://fedoraproject.org
OSS -
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VIRTUALISATION
Server virtualisation is a set of techniques and tools used to run multiple operating systems on the same
OM physical server. C
. This means that the principle of virtualisation involves the principle of sharing, in which the different
operating systems share the server’s resources. OSS
- To be of operational use, virtualisation must conform to two basic principles: compartmentalisation (each operating system runs independently and cannot interfere with the other(s) in any way) and transparency (the fact of operating in a virtualised
SMILE mode in no way changes how the operating system . runs, and even less so the applications installed on each one). In this category, four open source tools were selected, including Xen and KVM, the best known in the
WWW business world.
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Xen Version studied: 4.1.1 Website: http://xen.org
Vendor driven solution (Citrix)
Xen is a hypervisor that handles paravirtualisation. The project was created in 2003 in the
OM form of a research project at Cambridge University in England. C
. Paravirtualisation refers to a virtualisation system’s ability to interact with virtualised systems. This makes virtual machines more efficient and easier to administrate. Xen was derived from a university research project and is now a part of the Linux kernel. Citrix offers
OSS an enterprise edition of the solution along with the associated support. - Xen is available under the GPL.
SMILE
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OpenVZ Version studied: 3.0.25 Website: www.openvz.org
Community driven solution
OpenVZ is a lightweight virtualisation solution for Linux that was created in 2005.
OM Like any simple virtualisation solution, OpenVZ can only run Linux systems. This handicap is C
. however offset by performance levels much closer to native levels than any other type of virtualisation, particular for inputs/outputs, and the solution also uses less memory. OpenVZ is primarily used in development and test environments, where it is not uncommon to have
OSS dozens of systems installed on the same host. - The code is available under the GPL v2.
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KVM Version studied: 2.6.20 Website: www.linux-kvm.org
Community driven solution
KVM is a complete Linux-based virtualisation solution launched in 2005. KVM is a fork of
OM QEMU. In some cases, the source code for the two products is resynchronised. C
. Included in the mainline Linux kernel since version 2.6.2, KVM can run virtual systems under all the major OSs by simulating standardised hardware, and supports advanced functions like migration and detailed inspections of the VM’s status.
OSS KVM is distributed under the GPL. -
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Oracle VirtualBox Version studied: 4.1.2 Website: www.virtualbox.org
Vendor driven solution (Oracle)
VirtualBox is a virtualisation solution created in 2007 and designed for installation on
OM individual computers. C
. VirtualBox supports a large number of guest operating systems and has functionalities that interact with these systems: file sharing, mouse pointer integration, merging of the host and guest desktops, etc. Some options, like USB device sharing, can be added via proprietary plug-
OSS ins. - VirtualBox is distributed under the GPL v2.
SMILE
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Other Among the different products available in the field of virtualisation, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM QEMU http://wiki.qemu.org
C . Red Hat Virtualization http://www.redhat.com/products/virtualization/server/
OSS
-
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VOIP / TELEPHONY
VoIP (Voice over IP) is a technique that enables voice communications over IP compatible networks. These
OM can be private networks or the Internet, and either
C wired (cable, ADSL or optical) or wireless (satellite, . WiFi or GSM). In particular, this technology is used to support
OSS Telephony over Internet Protocol (ToIP) services. - The top solutions provide for interoperability with proprietary IPBX systems (used to route all or part of a company’s communications) via existing protocols (H.323, SIP, IAX, MGCP, etc.) and the most commonly
SMILE used codecs (G711, G729ab, iLBC, Speex, GSM, etc.). . In terms of open source solutions, Asterisk is the most frequently used and the most complete, offering a wide range of functionalities and a good capacity for
integration with existing environments. WWW
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Asterisk Version studied: 1.8.6.0 Website: www.asterisk.org
Vendor driven solution (Digium)
Asterisk is an open source private automatic branch exchange (PABX) for UNIX systems.
OM Among other uses, it provides for voice messaging, hold queues, call agents, hold music,
C enquiry calls, call distribution and conference calls. . Asterisk implements the protocols H.320, H.323 and SIP, as well as a custom protocol called IAX (Inter-Asterisk eXchange). Asterisk can also play the role of registrar and gateway in
OSS connection with public networks. Some operators use it as the core of their telephone
- network, given its interoperability and its scalability. When combined with SugarCRM or vtiger, it is often used as a call centre management tool. In its traditional use as an IP telephony platform, Asterisk is typically combined with FreePBX, an IHM that manages all its functionalities. Asterisk and FreePBX can be found in many
SMILE Appliance distributions, the most popular being Elastix and trixbox. . Asterisk is distributed under the GPL.
WWW
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Kamailio Version studied: 3.1.5 Website: www.kamailio.org
Community driven solution
Kamailio is an open source SIP server. This fork of the OpenSER project (in 2005) is one of the
OM most complete PBXs. C
. It supports asynchronous TCP, UDP and SCTP transactions, communications encryptions via TLS, load balancing, a native failover mechanism, authentication on Radius, MySQL and LDAP back ends or via XML-RCP transport. It is used both by telecoms operators, as a VoIP platform,
OSS and in traditional corporate telephony solutions. It is an alternative to FreeSWITCH and
- Asterisk, the two other heavyweights in this domain. Kamailio is distributed under the GPL.
SMILE
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Kannel Version studied: 1.5.0 Website: www.kannel.org
Community driven solution
Kannel was developed in 1998 by WAPit Ltd, a company that no longer exists today. The
OM project is now managed by members of the Kannel Group, which includes major corporations. C
. Kannel is a carrier grade, open source SMS and WAP gateway that supports the standard SMSC protocols: UCP/EMI, SMPP, HTTP and CIMD. Kannel supplies a set of APIs that allow it to be used as a front end for middleware and web applications requiring outbound WAP or
OSS SMS messages. Included as an infrastructure brick, it provides secure access to operator
- resources while supplying reliable, robust SMS and WAP support. Kannel is distributed under the Kannel Software License (based on the Apache License). Kannel is written in C.
SMILE
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Other Among the different products available in the field of VoIP/telephony, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM CallWeaver http://www.callweaver.org
C . SER http://www.iptel.org/ser
sipXecs http://www.sipfoundry.org
OSS - trixbox http://fonality.com/trixbox
Yate http://yate.null.ro/pmwiki
FreeSWITCH http://www.freeswitch.org
SMILE .
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MESSAGING, EMAIL MARKETING & GROUPWARE
The field of “messaging” is extremely vast, ranging from individual messages to grouped mailshots, all of
OM which are covered by a multitude of open source
C solutions. . This category includes presentations of messaging servers (SMTP and IMAP), anti-spam tools and in-box
OSS interfaces (groupware). Anti-viruses like CLAV are - covered in the Security section. All these tools are invaluable in the implementation of a complete messaging system.
SMILE . Given the diversity of the tools selected for this category, the graphs below do not display the average scores.
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Postfix Version studied: 2.8.5 Website: www.postfix.org
Community driven solution
Postfix is a messaging server. Postfix was originally created in 1997. It was developed by
OM Wietse Venema and several other contributors. Postfix was first known as VMailer and then
C as IBM Secure Mailer. . More and more frequently used to replace Sendmail in open source email infrastructures, Postfix is a flexible, scalable SMTP server. It can query a large number of external sources of
OSS information (databases, LDAP directories, etc.). Its scope is relatively broad and perfectly
- suited to professional use. In particular, Postfix can prevent spam (based on a public anti- spam list, for example).
Postfix is distributed under the IBM Public License.
SMILE
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Cyrus IMAPd Version studied: 2.4.10 Website: www.cyrusimap.org
Community driven solution
Cyrus is a scalable mail server available for both personal and professional use. Cyrus is based
OM on many standards and offers two downloadable editions. As for Cyrus IMAPd, it is an open
C source IMAP server. The project came from Carnegie Mellon University in the US and dates . back to 1994. It supports advanced functionalities such as push (IDLE), ACLs, shared folders, quotas, server
OSS side filtering (sieves) and a large number of SASL authentication methods. - Cyrus IMAPd is distributed under the BSD License.
SMILE
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SpamAssassin Version studied: 3.3.2 Website: http://spamassassin.apache.org
Community driven solution
SpamAssassin is an anti-spam solution that uses a wide range of different techniques. It was
OM launched in 1997 and is led by the Apache Software Foundation, the creator of the famous
C Web Apache HTTP Server. . It is a very widespread tool among mail servers, including in the infrastructures of major suppliers. The technologies used include Bayesian analysis based on learned keywords,
OSS various blacklist systems (URIBL, DNSBL, etc.), content analysis (Razor and DCC) and a number
- of other message formatting criteria (image to text ratio, no text version, invalid originator, etc.). SpamAssassin is available under the Apache License.
It is written in Perl. SMILE
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DSPAM Version studied: 3.10.1 Website: www.nuclearelephant.com
Community driven solution
DSPAM is an anti-spam solution based on Bayesian filtering and written by Jonathan A.
OM Zdziarski, also known as the author of Ending Spam. C
. This type of filtering, based on learned keywords, has proven particularly effective after an initial learning phase. The main benefit of DSPAM in relation to its competitors lies in the depth of its analytical engine, as well as its user interactions, providing users with a web
OSS interface used to manage quarantines and to explicitly designate email as desirable or
- undesirable. DSPAM is distributed under the GPL.
SMILE
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Zimbra Version studied: 7.1.1 Website: www.zimbra.com
Vendor driven solution (VMware)
Zimbra is a collaborative messaging server. Its 100% online, Ajax based user interface is
OM famous for its ergonomics. All Zimbra’s functionalities can be accessed through a web
C browser or a fat client. Zimbra’s webmail is in fact compatible with all modern browsers. The . Zimbra suite includes a Zimbra Desktop fat client but remains fully compatible with standard fat clients like Microsoft Outlook, Mozilla Thunderbird, Eudora, etc. In its commercial edition,
Zimbra can also synchronise with virtually all mobile platforms (iPhone OS, BlackBerry, OSS
- Android, Symbian OS and Palm OS). Zimbra is published under the Zimbra Public License, a derivative of the MPL. The messaging tool is based on a rich and robust infrastructure base: WebDAV (XML), LDAP, iCal, HTTP(S), SMTP, IMAP, POP3 and CalDAV. It supplies a SOAP base enabling the
SMILE development of plug-ins called “Zimlets” that provide for the free extension of its functional . scope. This makes it possible to interface with a telephony solution like Asterisk or a CRM tool like SugarCRM. Today, Zimbra has become an indispensable reference in collaborative enterprise messaging.
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Horde Version studied: 4.0.8 Website: www.horde.org
Community driven solution
Horde Groupware Webmail Edition is a professional, collaborative messaging solution. It is
OM fully modulable groupware (collaborative software). C
. It allows users to read, exchange and organise their emails, and to organise and share their calendars, contacts and tasks. More than a mere aggregate of technical bricks, Horde is an ergonomic bundle of applications like INgo, Turba, IMP and Mnemo, whose ergonomics make
OSS it a key, reliable collaborative messaging tool. - Horde is distributed under the GPL. It is written in PHP.
SMILE
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Zarafa Version studied: 7.0.1 Website: www.zarafa.com
Vendor driven solution (Zarafa)
Zarafa’s collaborative messaging software natively supports the MAPI protocol. It was
OM originally developed in the Netherlands. C
. Its webmail (which uses Ajax and is fully accessible online) and its direct interfacing with Outlook makes it the functional open source alternative that is most similar to Microsoft Exchange. Since 2007, the engine for Zarafa’s enterprise edition has embedded the Z-Push
OSS protocol, providing nearly complete compatibility with all smartphones and Pocket PCs on the
- market. Zarafa is distributed under the Affero GPL v3. Its data are stored in a MySQL database. The webmail is based on Ajax with PHP processing
(with the MAPI PHP extension). SMILE
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OpenEMM Version studied: OpenEMM 2011 Website: www.openemm.org
Vendor driven solution (AGNITAS AG)
OpenEMM is an open source email marketing solution developed since 1999 by the German
OM company AGNITAS. OpenEMM is used by major groups the likes of BenQ, Siemens and more. C
. It is used to manage corporate newsletters and email marketing campaigns. There are few open source email marketing solutions today that can boast a broad scope; OpenEMM is one of these, thereby earning its place here in this guide. From a functional standpoint, the tool is
OSS relatively well equipped. For example, it offers a 100% web interface available in several
- languages, including English and French, with targeting tools, real time statistics, template management, bulk import and export modules, strong documentation, and the possibility of using web services and bounce management.
OpenEMM is distributed under the Common Public Attribution License (CPAL) 1.0. SMILE
. OpenEMM is based on the languages C, Java and Python. Its data are stored in a MySQL database.
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Other Among the different products available in the field of messaging, email marketing and groupware, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM Roundcube http://roundcube.net
C . EGroupware http://www.egroupware.org
OBM http://obm.org OSS - Open-Xchange http://www.open-xchange.com
Sendmail http://www.sendmail.com/sm/open_source/
SMILE
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HTTP ACCELERATORS
HTTP accelerators, also referred to as “reverse proxies”, are implemented on servers. They have a
OM variety of different uses, including security, load
C distribution, SSL acceleration, compression and . caching. It is this last point in particular that we will be
OSS assessing in this section. Web users “transit” via the - reverse proxies to access internal server applications. Advanced caching policies can offload web application servers, irrespective of the language used. Some HTTP accelerators can handle fragment caching, namely by
SMILE supporting the ESI standard. .
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Squid Version studied: 3.1 Website: www.squid-cache.org
Community driven solution
Squid is an HTTP proxy server commonly used by businesses. The first version of Squid dates
OM back to 1996. C
. Its main function is as a direct proxy, used to regulate web traffic and to cache frequently viewed content. In some cases it is also used as a reverse proxy in web architectures. When used for access control, blacklisted URLs can be procured from third party suppliers.
OSS Squid is distributed under the GPL. - Squid was inspired by the Harvest project. It has been compatible with IPv6 since version 3.
SMILE
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Varnish Version studied: 3.0.1 Website: www.varnish-cache.org
Vendor driven solution (Varnish Software)
Varnish is a high performance HTTP cache. The first stable version of Varnish was launched in
OM 2006 for the Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang. The product’s architect is Poul-Henning
C Kamp of Denmark. . Used to improve the performance of high traffic websites, Varnish also includes load distribution functionalities and can be used to test the availability of servers producing web
OSS content. Varnish is used by Facebook, for example. Varnish stores a portion of its data in
- virtual memory. The tool is configured via VCL (Varnish Configuration Language) files; this enables the definition of extremely detailed management rules. Lastly, Varnish supports ESI (Edge Side Includes) tags.
Varnish is distributed under the BSD License. SMILE
. WWW
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Other Among the different products available in the field of HTTP accelerators, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM nginx http://nginx.org
C .
OSS
-
SMILE
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OTHER
In this last category in the “Infrastructure” dimension, we will present additional open source tools that are
OM particularly useful to system and network
C administrators. . In particular, we will be presenting CUPS (a print server), Samba (for UNIX file exchanges on Windows
OSS workstations), ProFTPD (an FTP server) and BIND (a - DNS server).
Given the diversity of the tools selected for this
SMILE category, the graphs below do not display the average
. scores. WWW
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CUPS Version studied: 1.5.0 Website: www.cups.org
Vendor driven solution (Apple Inc.)
CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System) is a popular print server for UNIX systems. It was
OM created in late 1999 by Michael Sweet and Andrew Senft, owners of Easy Software Products. C
. It is used on both individual workstations and dedicated print servers. It can support a very large number of printers, and offers administrative capacities (file management, accountancy, etc.) and compatibility with the traditional printing protocols IPP, AppSocket, LPD and SMB
OSS (Windows). - CUPS is available under the GPL.
SMILE
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Samba Version studied: 3.6.0 Website: www.samba.org
Community driven solution
Samba is an SMB server for Windows workstations. Its first version dates back to 1992. It was
OM written by Andrew Tridgell at Australian National University. C
. In Windows, the SMB protocol is used for file and printer sharing. Samba enables the use of a UNIX server to make these resources available to Windows clients, thus establishing compatibility between the two environments. Samba can also function as a domain controller
OSS on smaller networks. - Samba is distributed under the GPL v3.
SMILE
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ProFTPD Version studied: 1.3.3 Website: www.proftpd.org
Community driven solution
ProFTPD is a very powerful, well documented open source FTP server.
OM It includes advanced functionalities like chroot, virtual hosts and users, accountancy and C
. quotas. ProFTPD uses access and configuration syntax that is similar to the syntax used by Apache HTTP Server. ProFTPD allows the use of a MySQL database to manage FTP accounts in lieu of management by the machine’s users. Its architecture is modular, which has made it
OSS possible for extensions to be written for SSL/TLS encryption support (FTPS protocol) and
- authentication via RADIUS, LDAP and SQL databases. ProFTPD is available under the GPL.
SMILE
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BIND Version studied: 9.8.1 Website: www.isc.org/software/bind
Community driven solution
BIND is the benchmark for DNS servers. BIND’s origins date back to four students at the
OM University of California, Berkeley, in the 1980s. C
. Published by the Internet Software Consortium, BIND is a DNS server providing for both name resolution via name servers and hosting of its own zone. It supports all advanced functionalities, namely DNSSEC (since the rewriting of its code in the early 2000s).
OSS BIND is available under the BSD License. Version 10 is now in development. -
SMILE
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DEVELOPMENT AND INTERMEDIATE LAYERS DIMENSION
As its name indicates, the “Development and intermediate layers” dimension covers all the solutions useful to development functions, typically found between the Infrastructure and
Application layers. It is also particularly well equipped with open source products. OM
C Beyond applications like CMSs, e-shops, document management solutions, etc., there is a
. broad panel of open source development solutions, such as Eclipse and frameworks like Symfony and Django. It should be noted that some tools, like directories and databases, could
have been classified in the Infrastructure dimension. OSS
- More than 50 solutions are evaluated here for this dimension, and nearly 110 are listed in total, among the following categories:
SMILE . Corporate directories . Cross-platform mobile . frameworks . Databases . PKIs . BPM / Workflow . Identity authentication, . Development tools federation and management . Testing & Continuous WWW . Load testing tools integration . Search engines . ESBs . HTTP and application servers . Web development frameworks and libraries . MOM & EAI . Other
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CORPORATE DIRECTORIES
Corporate directories, also referred to as “electronic directories”, are a specialised type of database
OM designed to contain hierarchically arranged
C information on a company’s organisation. . Most of the time, the data pertain to people (users) and/or resources (printers and the like). But the use
OSS of corporate directories is not limited to text - searches; they can also be used as address books, for user authentication, to define the company’s security policy and more. There is a standard used in most corporate directors
SMILE to perform queries (LDAP protocol). . In the open source universe, OpenLDAP has the best reputation, even if tools like 389 Directory Server also boast a strong functional scope.
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389 Directory Server Version studied: 1.2.9.9 Website: http://directory.fedoraproject.org
Vendor driven solution (Red Hat)
389 Directory Server, formerly Fedora Directory Server, is an LDAP server developed by Red
OM Hat within the Fedora community. It is based on the source code of the venerable Netscape
C Directory Server, itself based on the original slapd code, which also gave rise to OpenLDAP. . This means its origins date back to 1996, even if the first version of Fedora Directory Server came out in 2005.
OSS 389 Directory Server implements the LDAP v3 protocol and stands out from its rival solutions
- thanks to its graphical administration interface in Java and master-master replication support, thereby enabling read and write access redundancy. It should also be noted that 389 Directory Server can be used as a replacement for SunONE/JES Directory Server, thanks to its very similar code base, particularly useful given that SunONE appears to have been dropped
since its acquisition by Oracle. SMILE . 389 Directory Server is distributed under the GPL. It is mostly written in C, with some portions like the GUI in Java.
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OpenLDAP Version studied: 2.4.26 Website: www.openldap.org
Community driven solution
OpenLDAP is an open source company directory. It is a sound alternative to commercial
OM directories. OpenLDAP was created in 1998 by Kurt Zeilenga. C
. OpenLDAP implements the most recent version of the LDAP protocol (v3), while providing a scalable architecture through an overlay system and back end. Each overlay provides additional functionalities (dynamic group, access log, password policy, etc.). In addition,
OSS directory data can be stored in different back ends (LDAP proxy, query transfers to Perl or
- Shell scripts, or a SQL database, etc.). OpenLDAP also incorporates replication and delegation mechanisms, enabling for example the implementation of an LDAP directory distributed to multiple sites, with each one administrating its own branch. OpenLDAP is distributed under the OpenLDAP Public License, is compatible with the GPL and
SMILE has been validated by the Free Software Foundation. . OpenLDAP is developed in C and runs on Linux, on different BSD variants on UNIX based OSs (Android, AIX, HP-UX, Solaris, etc.), as well as on Windows and Mac OS X.
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Other Among the different products available in the field of corporate directories, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM Apache Directory http://directory.apache.org
C . OpenDS http://www.opends.org
OSS -
SMILE
.
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DATABASES
Databases have become key components of the IT landscape. They are used to store a batch of
OM information in a pre-defined structure. Current
C technologies make it possible to organise and . structure a database such as to be able to easily handle its content and efficiently store very large
volumes of information. OSS
- Databases like MySQL and PostgreSQL are relational DBs that use SQL to query their data. Since 2009 a new trend has appeared: NoSQL, which is an alternative to SQL and the relational model and
SMILE which provides a high level of scalability . (expandability). The major DBMSs today are open source solutions like MySQL and PostgreSQL.
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MySQL Version studied: 5.5.15 Website: www.mysql.com
Vendor driven solution (Oracle)
MySQL is a fast, robust RDBMS, deployed especially in Internet environments. MySQL was
OM created by Michael “Monty” Widenius in 1995. C
. Initially focusing primarily on speed and simplicity, MySQL has gradually adopted new functionalities reserved for traditional “corporate” databases. MySQL supports transactions, referential integrity, stored procedures, triggers, asynchronous replication, clustering and
OSS data recovery in the event of a system failure. - MySQL uses the GPL and comes with exception linking, which enables the use of client libraries in programmes not compatible with the GPL. An Enterprise edition is also available, providing a number of graphics tools and support from its vendor company, Oracle. MySQL is widely used at companies the likes of Google and Facebook, and by major websites like
SMILE Wikipedia. . MySQL is developed in C and C++ and can run on a very broad range of platforms, whether UNIX (Linux, Solaris, BSD, etc.) or Windows based.
WWW
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PostgreSQL Version studied: 9.0.4 Website: www.postgresql.org
Community driven solution
PostgreSQL is the most complete open source RDBMS available today. PostgreSQL is a follow-
OM up to Ingres. The project was launched by Michael Stonebraker in 1985 and the first version
C built using the current architecture was released in 1995. . The functional scope of PostgreSQL is vast and comparable to other Enterprise databases on the market. It supports stored procedures, triggers, custom functions, function indexes,
OSS transactions, custom rules to modify the query execution path, a wide variety of data types,
- legacy tables, full text searches and more. Its performance and stability allow it to be integrated with even the most demanding production platforms. PostgreSQL uses the PostgreSQL License, approved by the Open Source Initiative.
PostgreSQL is written in C and can run on a very broad range of platforms, whether UNIX SMILE
. (Linux, Solaris, BSD, etc.) or Windows based.
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MongoDB Version studied: 2.0.0 Website: http://www.mongodb.org
Vendor driven solution (10gen, Inc.)
MongoDB is a document orientated database that is part of the NoSQL movement and that
OM allows for document storage in BSON format (a binary form of JSON). C
. It is upgradable in decentralised environments via replication and sharding mechanisms. Its particularly successful integration with most programming languages and its quality documentation have earned MongoDB its great popularity. MongoDB takes advantage of the
OSS sharp upturn in interest for document databases that are better aligned with modern
- environments that need to handle extremely heterogeneous data and for which relational DBMSs are not necessarily the most appropriate. Further, the database is supported by a commercial entity, 10gen, Inc. MongoDB is
distributed under the Affero GPL. SMILE
. It is written in C++.
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Redis Version studied: 2.2.13 Website: http://redis.io
Vendor driven solution (VMware)
Redis is a key-value data warehouse from the NoSQL movement. The project is sponsored by
OM VMware. The first version was published by Salvatore Sanfilippo and Pieter Noordhuis in
C 2009. . Like most key-value data stores, Redis offers a HTTP REST interface. Its originality in relation to other available solutions lies in the fact that Redis includes a set of data manipulation
OSS functions that are primarily orientated toward handling stored character strings, giving Redis
- the capacity to build queries that are slightly more complex than its competitors, traditionally limited to CRUD (Create Read Update Delete) operations. The strong performance of Redis in both read and write modes positions it as an excellent choice for the implementation of cache back ends and session managers.
SMILE Redis is distributed under the BSD License. . It is written in C.
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Cassandra Version studied: 0.8.5 Website: http://cassandra.apache.org
Foundation driven solution (Apache)
Cassandra is another NoSQL database. Initially developed by Facebook in 2008, it was later
OM released and its development is now the work of the Apache Foundation. C
. Cassandra is a column oriented database. Designed for massively distributed roll-outs (potentially across multiple datacentres), Cassandra is one of the most effective databases wherever there is a need to respond to massive data processing issues. Further, its
OSS completely decentralised architecture makes it highly resistant to failures. Like most column
- oriented databases, it is also particularly well suited to business intelligence functions. Cassandra is distributed under the Apache License. It is written in Java.
SMILE
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Other Among the different products available in the field of databases, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM Berkeley DB http://www.oracle.com/us/products/database/berkeley-db
C . db4o http://www.db4o.com
OSS Apache Derby http://db.apache.org/derby - Firebird http://www.firebirdsql.org
HSQLDB http://hsqldb.org
SMILE Ingres http://www.ingres.com/products/ingres-database . SQLite http://www.sqlite.org
CouchDB http://couchdb.apache.org
Neo4j http://neo4j.org WWW
Voldemort http://www.project-voldemort.com
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BPM / WORKFLOW
Leave requests, document validation and paperless customer relations: these processes are at the core of
OM the information systems used by companies and
C government agencies. . BPM (Business Process Management) solutions offer a modern approach in which users are largely released
OSS from technical constraints when modelling, deploying - and optimising their processes. BPM solutions provide for graphic process modelling, form generation and adaptation, and online request
monitoring. SMILE
. In the world of open source solutions, quality tools are available, such as Bonita, the flagship open source BPM product.
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Bonita Version studied: 5.5.2 Website: http://www.bonitasoft.com
Vendor driven solution (BonitaSoft)
First developed by Bull in the early 2000s, the product has been driven by the open source
OM vendor BonitaSoft since 2009. C
. Bonita offers an extremely user-friendly graphic process modeller that makes it possible to deploy simple BPM applications (e.g. the publication of leave request forms on an Intranet site) in just a few clicks. The forms are automatically generated by the solution or can be
OSS configured in advance. Access to and processing of pending requests are intuitive, thanks to
- the “user XP” interface, which is very similar to a mail client. But Bonita’s real strength lies in its system of connectors, available in their default form or custom developed. A community edition of Bonita is available under the GPL v2. The SP (Subscription Pack)
edition is subject to subscription and comes with additional functionalities, as well as support. SMILE
. Bonita is developed in JEE, the language also used to develop new connectors. Some advanced configurations are done in Groovy.
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jBPM Version studied: 5.1 Website: www.jboss.org/jbpm
Vendor driven solution (JBoss)
jBPM is developed by a community with the support of JBoss. As the benchmark for open
OM source BPM in recent years, many software companies have integrated jBPM with their
C solutions. The product does currently suffer from a lack of community dynamics. The latest . version is promising though, and the product remains a key technical BPM brick for projects, particularly in open source environments.
OSS jBPM is an excellent BPM engine, being both powerful and lightweight. Version 5 has been
- announced as BPMN 2.0 compatible. When used as a software brick, it is easy to configure and enjoys a comprehensive API. Eclipse (developer) and web (functional user) interfaces enable graphical workflow management, but suffer from a degree of immaturity that makes them unsuited to management by non-technical users. In addition, the web interface is only
available via Drools (a rule engine), which cancels out the tool’s chief advantage, its simplicity. SMILE . jBPM is published under the LGPL and is developed in Java.
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Activiti Version studied: 5.7 Website: www.activiti.org
Vendor driven solution (Alfresco)
Activiti is published by the producer of ECM, Alfresco, which wanted to develop an alternative
OM to jBPM for its own purposes. In electing to make it a stand-alone component, Alfresco is
C banking on the dynamic nature of open source (the product has been handed over to the . Spring community) and aims to make it the benchmark for open source BPM. Technically, Activiti is at the cutting edge and enjoys excellent dynamics thanks to the widespread
popularity of its sponsor. OSS
- Today, Activiti is a lightweight, robust BPM engine. Its youth makes it better suited as a BPM brick integrated with more complex projects, as is the case at Alfresco, for example. Activiti does however boast user-friendly process design interfaces that allow functional and technical teams to work together on process modelling. Nonetheless, its actual
implementation necessarily requires a solid technical background.
SMILE . Activiti is published under the Apache License and is developed in Java.
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DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
This section presents the tools useful in the development of applications, particularly web
OM applications. C
. It includes project management tools like Redmine and Maven, automation tools like Ant and Phing, development environments like Eclipse, ticket
OSS managers like MantisBT, source code management - tools like Subversion and Git, and collaboration and software engineering solutions like Tuleap. As we will see, there are also excellent open source development bricks that can be used to build
SMILE ambitious projects under optimal conditions. .
Given the diversity of the tools selected for this category, the graphs below do not display the average
scores. WWW
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Ant Version studied: 1.8.2 Website: http://ant.apache.org
Foundation driven solution (Apache)
Ant (“Another Neat Tool”) is a task automation tool used throughout the software
OM development cycle. Ant was designed by James Duncan Davidson in 2000 (when the first
C version was released). . Ant allows for the automation of repetitive operations throughout a project, similarly to Make commands. Ant is mainly used in Java projects, although it can also be used in projects
OSS utilising other technologies. The tasks most commonly entrusted to Ant include external tool
- execution (like Checkstyle and FindBugs), documentation generation (Javadoc), programme compilation, archiving, back-ups, etc. Ant is distributed under the Apache License and is supported by the foundation of the same
name. SMILE
. Ant is written in Java.
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Phing Version studied: 2.4.7.1 Website: www.phing.info/trac
Community driven solution
Phing is an IT project life cycle management tool inspired by Ant and originally developed by
OM Andreas Aderhold. In particular, it is used to automate recurring tasks during IT project
C developments, such as the launch of unit testing, code analysis tools and delivery . management. Phing, like Ant, uses an XML file to define a list of actions (the “target”), each containing one
OSS or more tasks (file copies, command launches, etc.), that can be launched from the command
- line. It incorporates a long list of native tasks (execution of PHPUnit testing, code analysis with PHP CodeSniffer, PHP Mess Detector, file handling, work with source code version managers, etc.) that is very easy to expand, depending on needs, via the intermediary of new PHP classes. Distributed through the PEAR package manager, Phing can use ancillary libraries like
Xdebug and phpcs for some of its tasks. SMILE . Phing is distributed under the LGPL (Lesser Public General License) v3. Phing is developed in PHP and is compatible with the Windows, Linux and Mac OS X platforms.
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Eclipse Version studied: 3.7 Website: www.eclipse.org
Foundation driven solution (Eclipse)
Eclipse is a scalable, multi-functional development environment, initiated by IBM in 2001.
OM Designed around a shared platform coupled with spin-off components, the project is in fact a C
. composite of many sub-projects specific to the underlying technologies. The purpose of Eclipse is to provide tools that foster productivity, but not just in respect of software coding. It includes integrated development environments, but also design, modelling, test, reporting
OSS and other environments. Although Eclipse is written in Java, it can be used for developments
- in any programming language. Eclipse is published under the EPL (Eclipse Public License). The Eclipse Foundation is now the official sponsor.
Eclipse is written in Java. SMILE
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MantisBT Version studied: 1.2.8 Website: www.mantisbt.org
Community driven solution
MantisBT is a very popular web based bug tracking tool (covering anomalies, upgrade
OM requests, service requests and more) that is suited to any type of project. Kenzaburo Ito, who
C launched the project in November 2000, was soon joined by Jeroen Latour, Victor Boctor and . Julian Fitzell in 2002; the four now form the core development team for the product. MantisBT allows for project based ticket allocation. Requests can also be classified using a
OSS variety of criteria (type, category, severity, priority, public/private, etc.). In particular, the tool
- offers functionalities like a customisable status chaining workflow, a notification system, a filtered ticket search form, a personalised page for each user that lists the tickets they opened and those assigned to them, user rights management, an admin section for each project in which users can be added/deleted, sub-project creation and more.
SMILE MantisBT is distributed under the GNU GPL v2. . MantisBT is developed in PHP and requires the use of a database (MySQL, PostgreSQL, MS SQL or DB2). It has primarily been tested for Web Apache and IIS servers.
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Maven Version studied: 3.0.3 Website: http://maven.apache.org
Foundation driven solution (Apache)
Maven is a technical project management tool. Its development is mainly performed by the
OM Apache Foundation. C
. Maven was designed for project standardisation and use. It can also manage a project’s dependencies, perform complete automated deliveries, deploy applications and simplify project roll-outs on a continuous integration platform. Maven also offers advanced
OSS integration of numerous reporting tools (Surefire, PMD, Checkstyle, NCSS, etc.). Maven was
- designed for Java projects in general and for Java EE projects in particular. Maven is distributed under the Apache License. It is written in Java.
SMILE
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Subversion Version studied: 1.6.17 Website: http://subversion.apache.org
Foundation driven solution (Apache)
Subversion (SVN) is a centralised version control system. A spin-off of CVS, its development
OM was initialised in 2000 by the company CollabNet. It became an official Apache Foundation
C project in 2010. . A popular standard, it has been selected by many open source software communities. Numerous tools and resources are available to turn it to its best advantage. Apache
OSS Subversion was written to overcome the shortcomings of CVS, whose implementation (but
- not its concept) had been called into question. A number of additional functionalities have been included: directories and metadata are versioned, revision numbers are global across the entire data warehouse, files can be renamed and/or moved without losing their histories, etc.
SMILE Subversion is distributed under the Apache and BSD Licenses. . It is written in C.
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Git Version studied: 1.7.6.1 Website: http://git-scm.com
Community driven solution
Git is a distributed version control system (DVCS). In particular, it is used in the Linux kernel
OM and for PHP. It is an open source software solution created by Linus Torvalds in 2005. C
. Among other functions, Git is used to “commit” locally, then to push a set of local commits to other developers. It also enables the use of a development workflow, such as subjecting a code’s transmission to approval by one of the developers. Git’s ability to easily create and
OSS administrate branches makes it a top-grade tool for open source project development. - Git is distributed under the GPL v2. It is written in C, Bourne Shell and Perl.
SMILE
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Redmine Version studied: 1.2.1 Website: www.redmine.org
Community driven solution
Redmine is a collaborative tool used to manage projects via a secure web interface. It was
OM created by Jean-Philippe Lang in 2006. C
. Redmine offers the following functionalities: secure multi-project management;
user, profile and rights management, depending on the project; OSS
- document management, classification by category, owner, title, date, etc.; management of requests, their status, their priority and their history, and assignment of requests to the relevant project participants; project status views in the form of a Gantt diagram;
SMILE email and RSS feed notifications; . etc. Redmine is distributed under the GPL v2. It was developed in Ruby on the basis of the Ruby on Rails framework.
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Tuleap Version studied: 4.0.21 Website: http://www.enalean.com/en/products/tuleap-suite/
Vendor driven solution (Enalean)
Tuleap is an open source software suite that provides the tools that companies need for
OM software development and efficient collaboration. Also referred to as a software forge or
C ALM (Application Lifecycle Management), Tuleap was developed by the company Enalean. . Tuleap’s software is used by tens of thousands of users around the world for their professional developments, at major companies the likes of STMicroelectronics, ST-Ericsson
OSS and Orange. Tuleap is a complete ALM suite, providing bug, test and risk tracking, version
- control, continuous integration, document management, collaboration tools and more. Tuleap is distributed under the GPL. Tuleap’s vendor, Enalean, based its economic model on the provision of professional services and support.
Tuleap is primarily written in PHP. SMILE
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Other Among the different products available in the field of development tools, the following can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM CVS http://cvs.nongnu.org
C . GForge http://gforge.org/gf
Trac http://trac.edgewall.org
OSS - Mercurial http://mercurial.selenic.com
SMILE
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TESTING & CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION
Continuous integration is a set of practices designed to improve the quality of application deliveries by
OM checking that the result of each source code change
C does not lead to any regressions (i.e. additional errors . relating to the added code). To implement continuous integration platforms, many
OSS quality open source tools exist, such as Continuum - and Hudson. Graphics rendering (results display) solutions can also be found in connection with these tools.
SMILE
. Given the diversity of the tools selected for this category, the graphs below do not display the average scores.
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Continuum Version studied: 1.3.7 Website: http://continuum.apache.org
Foundation driven solution (Apache)
Continuum is the Apache Foundation’s continuous integration tool.
OM It offers all the functionalities one might expect of such a tool: configurable automations, of C
. course, but also build distributions to slaves, configuration of different execution environments, highly detailed rights management and integrated reporting on unit test results.
OSS The functionality that makes Continuum stand out from the rest is the possibility of grouping - modules/projects together in project groups. Within these groups, the various configurations and rights are pooled, which provides for simple management of a series of projects, even for groups with rapidly increasing numbers.
Continuum is distributed under the Apache License. SMILE . It is written in Java.
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Jenkins / Hudson Version studied: 2.1.1 Website: http://hudson-ci.org
Vendor driven solution (Oracle)
Jenkins is a continuous integration tool. Historically, Hudson was the continuous integration
OM tool developed by Oracle/Sun; Jenkins is a fork of Hudson. Here we look at both Jenkins and
C Hudson. . Jenkins can automate project building and can generate quality and testing reports. Jenkins is chiefly used in the continuous integration solutions market. Jenkins’s major asset is its
OSS ecosystem, which comprises hundreds of plug-ins, as well as its simpler, less austere interface
- than Continuum’s. Project generation can be initiated in various ways:planning mechanisms similar to cron, intergenerational dependencies, or queries on specific URLs. Jenkins is distributed under the MIT and Creative Commons Licenses.
It is written in Java. SMILE
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Selenium IDE Version studied: 1.0.4 Website: http://seleniumhq.org/projects/ide
Community driven solution
Selenium is an interface testing tool. The project began in 2004 at ThoughtWorks in Chicago,
OM thanks to Jason Huggins who wanted to test the response times of various applications
C (Python, Plone, etc.). . Selenium IDE can be used to record interface tests from Firefox and then to store them so that they can be played back with Selenium. This tool is very useful in confirming that an
OSS interface conforms to expectations. In addition, it can be integrated with a continuous
- integration platform in order to automate interface testing. Selenium IDE is not just a recording tool: it is in fact an integrated development environment (IDE). Users can choose to utilise its recording capabilities or can modify the scripts manually.
Selenium is distributed under the Apache License. SMILE
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PMD Version studied: 4.2.5 Website: http://pmd.sourceforge.net
Community driven solution
PMD, also known as “Project Mess Detector” or “Project Meets Deadline”, is a static code
OM analysis tool designed to detect the most common programming errors. C
. By using a system of scalable rules, PMD can detect empty try/catch statements, dead code, overcomplicated expressions and copied/pasted code (thanks to its CPD plug-in). PMD can also calculate cyclomatic source code complexity, an interesting indicator when assessing
OSS software quality. - PMD is licensed under a BSD-style license. PMD analyses Java source code. There is also a PHP equivalent (PHPMD, a.k.a. PHP Mess Detector). The rules can be written using XPath expressions or Java classes (or PHP for
PHPMD). SMILE
. WWW
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Other Among the different products available in the field of testing and continuous integration, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM Sonar http://www.sonarsource.org
C . Checkstyles http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net
JUnit http://www.junit.org
OSS - PHPUnit https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit
FindBugs http://findbugs.sourceforge.net
CruiseControl http://cruisecontrol.sourceforge.net
SMILE .
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ESBS
ESBs (Enterprise Service Buses) allow applications to communicate with one another, where these do not
OM already include services or interfaces designed for
C that purpose. . ESBs are often presented as a new architecture that uses different techniques like transformation,
OSS information transfers and routing, and web services. - ESBs act as “mediators” between clients and service providers (applications). Benchmark solutions in the open source universe
include the likes of Talend ESB, Mule and Petals. SMILE .
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Talend ESB Version studied: 4.2.1 Website: http://www.talend.com
Vendor driven solution (Talend)
Talend, the leader in open source data management, has acquired Sopera, a German SOA and
OM middleware platform vendor, known in its home country for its prestigious clients the likes of
C Deutsche Post, Zurich Insurance and Landesbank Berlin. The merger of the Talend Data . Management and Sopera ASF solutions resulted in the creation of a high level integrated middleware tool that combines the flexibility of use of a corporate services management
framework with the power of data manipulation tools. OSS
- This has made Talend ESB a first class tool that allows for work on both Data Quality and Service Quality. The key features that set this solution apart are a very well equipped mediation platform, service distribution capacity, high level centralised technical monitoring and integration of the Talend suite. It is a very solid product that merits exploration.
SMILE Talend ESB is distributed under the Apache License. .
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Mule Version studied: 3.2.0 Website: www.mulesoft.org
Vendor driven solution (MuleSoft, Inc.)
Mule is both an ESB and an EAI tool. The open source project was developed in 2003 by Ross
OM Mason, now CTO of MuleSoft (formerly MuleSource). C
. Mule is a platform that is conducive to multiple exchanges between different applications that use different technologies such as HTTP, XML-RPC, email, JMS and more. In fact, Mule supports more than 50 standards, protocols and technologies, including JMS, JDBC, TCP, UDP,
OSS multicast, HTTP, servlets, SMTP, POP3 and XMPP. Mule is also an exchange platform with
- substantial routing capacity. Its architecture was designed to be scalable. Mule is distributed under the CPAL (Common Public Attribution License). It is written in Java.
SMILE
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Petals Version studied: 3.1.3 Website: http://petals.ow2.org
Consortium (OW2) and vendor (Petals Link) driven solution
Petals ESB is an open source enterprise service bus, mediator and turntable for SOA
OM infrastructures. The project is coordinated by Petals Link and is developed based on the OW2
C Consortium’s forges. . Petals ESB is a response to the issues encountered with SOA: a flexible information system adapted to rapid IT developments, all of which with a real time system and openness to the
OSS outside world. Integrated with Petals View (business supervision), Petals Master (SOA
- governance) and Petals Studio (SOA development environment), Petals ESB is at the centre of a complete open source solution for SOA infrastructures. Petals supports and integrates many protocols and technologies, including JBI, SCA, BPEL, EIP, Java, JSR 181, XSLT, XSD WSDL, SOAP, REST, POP, SMTP, IMAP and JSE Platform.
SMILE Petals ESB is distributed under the LGPL. .
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Other Among the different products available in the field of ESBs, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM JBoss Enterprise Service Bus http://www.jboss.org/jbossesb
C . ServiceMix http://servicemix.apache.org
Synapse http://synapse.apache.org
OSS -
SMILE
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WEB DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORKS AND LIBRARIES
A framework can reduce application development times by effectively responding to the most common
OM problems encountered by developers. Frameworks
C typically include a wide range of ready to use . functionalities with well polished implementations, and use standard, well implemented design models.
The time saved on more general issues can then be OSS
- devoted to the custom aspects of the application. The frameworks available on the market are generally of high quality. Frameworks can be found for any language (Java, PHP, JavaScript, Python, Ruby, etc.),
SMILE with approaches than can vary widely. . Most modern applications are based on web frameworks or libraries.
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Symfony Version studied: 2.0.0 Website: www.symfony-project.org
Vendor driven solution (Sensio Labs)
Symfony is an MVC web framework written in PHP. Created by Fabien Potencier, the first
OM version was released in 2005, and the eagerly awaited version 2.0 came out in August 2011. C
. Symfony is a framework whose operating principles are similar to Django and Ruby on Rails. Adherence to the HTTP protocol and the MVC paradigm are the core of the framework, which provides a complete development context. The developer has standardised access to the
OSS database (thanks to the ORM Doctrine), controllers and views. The framework also supplies a
- large library of utility functions. On the security end, symfony protects against traditional attacks on web applications (SQL injection, XSS, CSRF and so on). Symfony also provides a set of command line tools used to manage the cache, to automatically generate an administrative interface (admin generator), to generate the basic
SMILE structure and the edit screens for declared objects (scaffolding), etc. . Symfony is developed by Sensio Labs and distributed under the MIT License.
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Zend Framework Version studied: 1.11 Website: http://framework.zend.com
Vendor driven solution (Zend Technologies)
Zend Framework is one of the duo of leaders in PHP frameworks, alongside symfony. It is one
OM of the most commonly used PHP frameworks, if not the most used. C
. Zend’s approach is quite different from symfony, with a much lighter coupling of its components. It can also be seen as more of a component library than a complete framework. Nonetheless, it provides the components needed to create MVC applications, with database
OSS abstraction. It should however be noted that Zend Framework does not include ORM, but
- rather a lightweight table gateway interface. From a general point of view, Zend Framework offers a very broad range of components. Among others, these include Zend_Gdata, used to communicate with Google services, and Zend_Captcha, which integrates CAPTCHAs with the application.
SMILE Zend Framework is distributed under the New BSD License and is supported by Zend . Technologies, which also publishes the Zend engine that is at the core of the PHP interpreter. Zend Framework requires PHP 5.2 and supports all databases handled by PDO.
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OM
C
.
OSS
-
SMILE .
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Spring Version studied: 3.0.6 Website: www.springsource.org
Vendor driven solution (SpringSource, a division of VMware)
Spring is a portfolio of tools and libraries. It offers a complete stack as a sort of alternative to
OM the standard Java EE stack. Spring is built on a lightweight container, which allows it to
C manage dependencies between the objects forming the application. One of the portfolio’s . many components can then be used on top of this lightweight container. The main components are Spring MVC, Spring ORM and Spring AOP. Spring MVC is an annotation
based, full REST MVC framework. The classes that respond to user actions are annotated to OSS
- indicate the method that should be used and the view that should be served. Spring ORM is a data access abstraction library. It provides an abstraction for the usual persistence frameworks like Hibernate, JDO and EclipseLink. Spring AOP is an aspect oriented programming framework. More simplistic that AspectJ, Spring AOP nonetheless offers the
usual AOP tools with different types of grafts and different ways of expressing pointcuts. SMILE
. Spring is also used to load the application’s various configurations, for transaction management and for a whole series of utility tools, making the tool a must in the Java ecosystem. Spring is distributed under the Apache License.
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GWT Version studied: 2.4 Website: http://code.google.com/webtoolkit
Vendor driven solution (Google)
Google Web Toolkit is an RIA framework developed by Google, whose version 1.0 dates back
OM to 17 May 2006. C
. GWT enables the development of elaborate applications in pure Java that is “compiled” in JavaScript and HTML. The result is an extensive application that adheres to web standards, unlike technologies such as Flex and Silverlight, which require the installation of a special
OSS plug-in on client workstations. - GWT’s XML format for interface descriptions allows for rapid development. However, because GWT generates all its interface views using XML and Java, it is, paradoxically, very difficult to integrate a HTML layout, which requires time-consuming, manual integration that
consists of a translation of the layout in XML and Java. SMILE
. GWT is distributed under the terms of the Apache License. GWT can be used to create and maintain dynamic web applications that implement JavaScript, using the Java language and tools.
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OM
C
.
OSS
-
SMILE .
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jQuery Version studied: 1.6.3 Website: http://jquery.com
Community driven solution
jQuery is one of the main JavaScript libraries. It was created by John Resig in 2006. jQuery
OM simplifies multi-browser JavaScript developments by providing an API that is independent of
C the underlying platform. The purpose of jQuery is to simplify the usual JavaScript . manipulations: DOM manipulation, event management, and animation and management of Ajax calls. Implementation follows a strict object based logic and could benefit from call
chaining to simplify the writing. jQuery also has a compatibility mode, which allows its use at OSS
- the same time as another JavaScript library. One of jQuery’s strong points is its simplified plug-in writing, which enables the reuse and functional encapsulation of behaviours. As the community is extremely responsive, a multitude of plugins are available from the official website.
jQuery is distributed under the MIT License or the GPL, providing for virtually restriction-free SMILE
. integration. jQuery has been integrated into numerous open source projects, including Microsoft ASP.NET Ajax; and Google supplies a CDN for the library’s files. jQuery is compatible with the vast majority of browsers, including Internet Explorer 6.
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OM
C
.
OSS
-
SMILE .
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Prototype Version studied: 1.7 Website: www.prototypejs.org
Community driven solution
Prototype is a JavaScript library created by Sam Stephenson in 2005 in order to add Ajax
OM support to the Ruby on Rails framework. C
. Over and above its simplification of cross-browser and Ajax oriented development, Prototype’s goal is to enrich the JavaScript language and the DOM by attaching additional components and functionalities. In this way, JavaScript development with Prototype brings in
OSS a number of traditional object oriented programming concepts that are absent from standard
- JavaScript (constructors, legacy objects, etc.). It should however be noted that DOM expansion has raised a number of issues and is currently being withdrawn from the library. Prototype is distributed under the MIT License.
SMILE Prototype is written in JavaScript and is compatible with the vast majority of browsers, . including Internet Explorer 6.
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Play! Version studied: 1.2.3 Website: www.playframework.org
Vendor driven solution (Zenexity)
Play! is a web-oriented Java framework created by Guillaume Bort in 2007.
OM The principle behind Play! is to reduce the Java development life cycle and to limit the C
. complexity of applications often associated with Java projects. It therefore includes the transposition to Java of the main concepts used in frameworks like RoR, Django and symfony: MVC, Convention over Configuration, Don’t Repeat Yourself, etc. Play! also has its own
OSS technical project manager, used to create CRUD interfaces, and its own application server
- (although it is also easy to deploy on a Tomcat server), which allows it, for example, to transparently reload the modified code on the fly. Play! is distributed under the Apache License 2.0. Zenexity contributes to the project and
performs product development and support. SMILE
. Play! is written in Java, its templates in Groovy and the project manager in Python.
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Django Version studied: 1.3.1 Website: https://www.djangoproject.com
Foundation driven solution (Django Software Foundation)
Django is the benchmark for web frameworks in Python. It was created in 2005 by the
OM company Lawrence Journal-World. C
. Django is based on the MVC paradigm and on the principle of Don’t Repeat Yourself, supplying as many pre-existing components as possible, such as a database abstraction layer, a cache system, an infrastructure for form manipulation and data entry validation, a
OSS templating engine, an interface for the Python unit testing framework (PyUnit), CRUD
- interface creation tools and classic web attack prevention systems (XSS, CSRF, SQL injection, etc.). It should be noted that Django is available on the Google App Engine platform. Some of the more noteworthy websites that use Django include Disqus and Spotify.
Django is distributed under the BSD License. SMILE
. It is developed in Python.
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Ruby on Rails Version studied: 3.1 Website: http://rubyonrails.org
Community driven solution
Ruby on Rails is a web framework. The first version, written by David Heinemeier Hansson,
OM was released in 2004. C
. The Ruby on Rails framework is characterised by the concept of Don’t Repeat Yourself, in the name of which it supplies a number of code and interface generators (scaffolding). These generators mean the developer does not have to perform the operations over again or
OSS recode similar standard functionalities. In the same spirit, the classic lower layers (security,
- database access, HTTP management and Ajax calls) are integrated with the framework and allow the developer to concentrate on the business logic rather than the technical aspects. One of RoR’s success stories has been Twitter, even if some parts (not linked to the front office) have been rewritten in Scala following load bearing issues with the Ruby interpreter.
SMILE Ruby on Rails is distributed under the MIT License. . It is developed in Ruby.
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Other Among the different products available in the field of web development frameworks and libraries, the following can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM CakePHP http://cakephp.org
C . Lithium http://lithify.me
Prado http://www.pradosoft.com
OSS - PHPonTrax http://www.phpontrax.com
CodeIgniter http://codeigniter.com
Jelix http://jelix.org
SMILE . CXF http://cxf.apache.org
Yii http://www.yiiframework.com
Zeta Components http://incubator.apache.org/zetacomponents WWW
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CROSS-PLATFORM MOBILE FRAMEWORKS
With the advent of the smartphone, mobile applications have increased exponentially in recent
OM years. Many mobile operating systems now exist,
C engendering a corresponding increase in . development work. To avoid duplicating development work, cross-
OSS platform open source mobile frameworks have been - created, enabling porting to X operating systems from the same source code. This is the case, for example, with PhoneGap, which runs on the iPhone, Android, BlackBerry, Symbian and
SMILE Palm, among others. . In the world of open source solutions, three frameworks stand out far above the rest: PhoneGap, as mentioned above, as well as Rhodes and Titanium. These frameworks use different techniques to obtain
WWW relatively similar results.
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Titanium Version studied: 1.7.2 Website: http://www.appcelerator.com/products/titanium-mobile-application-development
Vendor driven solution (Appcelerator)
Titanium Mobile is a multi-platform framework that can generate native applications for iOS
OM and Android. The tool has been developed by Appcelerator since 2009. C
. Titanium’s JavaScript API provides for multi-platform development and its SDK generates native code from the JavaScript code. Titanium enables access to all smartphone and tablet PC functionalities, and a multitude of extensions are also available (PayPal, barcode scanner,
OSS etc.). - This product is available under the Apache License 2.0, and Appcelerator offers a variety of support levels ranging from Indie to Professional. An application can be developed with Titanium in JavaScript, while its extensions are written in native code.
The databases manipulated are SQLite DBs. Titanium currently supports iOS and Android; SMILE
. BlackBerry support is now in beta mode.
WWW
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PhoneGap Version studied: 1.0.0 Website: www.phonegap.com
Vendor driven solution (Nitobi)
PhoneGap is a tool used to create multi-platform mobile applications that adhere to web
OM standards. It has been developed by Canadian company Nitobi since 2008. C
. The applications produced using PhoneGap are web applications, packaged by the tool so that they can be launched by the target smartphone’s native browser. PhoneGap also offers an API that can call up the smartphone’s advanced functionalities (GPS, accelerometer, video
OSS camera, etc.). - PhoneGap is distributed under the MIT License. It currently supports six platforms, making it a complete and technically relevant solution for the development of multi-platform mobile applications. Nitobi recently launched the service
PhoneGap Build, which generates final applications from a web interface. SMILE
. WWW
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Page 149
Rhodes Version studied: 3.0 Website: http://rhomobile.com/products/rhodes/
Vendor driven solution (Rhomobile)
Rhodes is a multi-platform, open source framework dedicated to the development of mobile
OM applications. The tool has been developed by Rhomobile since 2009. C
. Rhodes supports a large number of platforms (ranging from Android to Windows Phone 7, by way of Symbian). On the development side, Rhodes is a framework inspired by Ruby on Rails. Its views are developed in HTML and the applications, in Ruby. The final, generated
OSS application has an embedded Ruby VM and a web server, in order to remain separate from
- the target platform, which allows Rhodes to support many different platforms. Rhodes is available under the MIT License. Rhomobile also offers an entire suite of tools for the development and distribution of Rhodes
applications, including an online IDE and a marketplace. SMILE
. WWW
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PKIS
PKI-style solutions are used to make electronic relationships (i.e. email) secure by guaranteeing their
OM confidentiality, authentication, integrity and non-
C repudiation, whether via signature certificates (email . or web access) or encryption (using two keys). In making identity management secure, PKI tools
OSS simplify the development of transactional activities, - whether external (contractual and commercial relationships) or internal (staff accountability). The available open source solutions include OpenSSL,
OpenCA, OpenTrust and EJBCA. SMILE
. WWW
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OpenCA Version studied: 1.1.1 Website: www.openca.org
Community driven solution
OpenCA PKI is a component of a vast community project aiming to define standards for the
OM development of PKI software. OpenCA PKI is the part dedicated to certificate management. C
. With its modular design, it provides a web interface that can easily perform the majority of common tasks (certificate issuing and revocation, testing, etc.). It can also perform rights restrictions. Combined with the other components of the PKI project, like the OCSP
OSS responder, it contributes to the establishment of a complete PKI solution. - OpenCA PKI is currently covered by the BSD License. The 100% community based development was initiated in 2001 and continues to be actively pursued today. The solution is very heterogeneous but uses recognised current standards: the web server is
based on Apache 2 and the interface is written in Perl. Its encryption mechanisms are based SMILE
. on OpenSSL. Finally, certificate management is handled by OpenLDAP.
WWW
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OpenSSL Version studied: 1.0.0e Website: www.openssl.org
Community driven solution
OpenSSL is the open source library that has virtually been raised to the rank of a standard for
OM its cryptographic functions. In particular, it completely implements the standard for PKIs, i.e.
C X509. . In addition to providing for encryption and the hashing that is possible with any known algorithm (MD5, AES, Blowfish, etc.), it can also issue and revoke certificates using X509 and is
OSS fully capable of handling the certification chain. It can write and rewrite certificates in the
- most common formats on the market, and many tools that are more advanced in terms of their usability are based on OpenSSL. The development of OpenSSL is old, dating back to before 1998. It is available under either
the Apache or the BSD License. SMILE
. Developed in C, it remains the benchmark for Linux and BSD and is often used in all sorts of situations requiring encryption (ranging from 802.11 protocols to HTTPS communications, by way of SSH and FTPS).
WWW
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easyCA Version studied: 0.9 Website: http://sourceforge.net/projects/easyca
Community driven solution
easyCA can manage small scale PKIs very quickly and simply. It was developed by Ferry
OM Kemps in 2005. C
. It departs almost entirely from the relative complexity of OpenSSL, enabling the very fast creation of certification authorities and client certificates. It can also manage revocations and offers export options for back-ups.
OSS Covered by the GPL, its development seems to have been broken off at present. Nonetheless, - the basic script has been adopted by many independent projects and has been supplemented with new functionalities (OCSP, etc.). easyCA is written in Bash and requires no dependencies other than OpenSSL. It is easy to edit
and personalise to meet the needs of most system administrators. SMILE
. WWW
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EJBCA Version studied: 4.0.3 Website: www.ejbca.org
Vendor driven solution (PrimeKey)
Developed since 2001, EJBCA is one of the most complete PKI management open source solutions there is. It is currently driven and actively maintained by Swedish company
OM PrimeKey. C
. Like other PKI solutions, EJBCA can handle all aspects of standard X509 certification, from certificate issuing, CRL revocations to certification chains, and it is one of the only products to implement a large number of the standards linked to specification X509 (OCSP responder,
OSS CMS, and so forth). Its management of custom hardware such as HSMs is quite accurate. It - also offers a complete admin interface with rights restrictions and a client portal. EJBCA is covered by the LGPL and has only one edition. Commercial support can be subscribed to with the vendor, PrimeKey.
From a technical perspective, EJBCA is entirely written in Java and is powered by a JEE SMILE
. application server, which could be either JBoss or GlassFish. It is one of the rare products that fully comply with Java Beans specifications.
WWW
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IDENTITY AUTHENTICATION, FEDERATION AND MANAGEMENT
In this category, we will present the various identity
OM authentication, federation and management solutions C
. now available. These tools are relatively similar but their end goals may differ in some cases. For example, the Shibboleth
OSS system provides unique multi-domain authentication. - This makes it possible to include third party applications in its federated identity management system in order for users logging onto their unique identification system to gain access to the application
SMILE in question. . LinOTP is also presented here. This is an OTP solution allowing for the use of passwords generated at a given time, which are valid over a short period of time
and only usable once. WWW Other open source solutions like CAS, FederID, LemonLDAP and OpenAM are also described.
Given the diversity of the tools selected for this category, the graphs below do not display the average scores.
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CAS Version studied: 3.4.10 Website: www.jasig.org/cas
Community driven solution
Central Authentication Service is a web oriented Single Sign On system. It was created in the
OM early 2000s at Yale University. In 2004, CAS came under the banner of special interest group
C Jasig. CAS provides for Single Sign On between multiple sites, including on different domains, . by means of one-time password tokens. The applications themselves never have access to the user’s password, but rather log in the user after querying CAS. The communication protocol
used is SAML v2 and, in later versions of CAS, additional information can be transmitted at OSS
- user login (groups, full name, etc.). CAS can use different types of back ends as the user database, such as an LDAP directory, a relational database, flat files and so on. CAS also supplies a proxy system that allows an application to transfer the user’s identification to another back end application (whether web based or not), such as a web service or an IMAP
server. SMILE
. CAS is distributed under the Jasig (BSD-style) License. CAS is written in Java and supplies CAS clients for SSO integration with applications, in Java, PHP and .NET. An Apache module is also available.
WWW
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LemonLDAP::NG Version studied: 1.1.1 Website: http://lemonldap-ng.org
Consortium driven solution (OW2)
LemonLDAP::NG is a Web SSO authentication system initiated in 2004 by the company
OM Linagora, and now taken over by the OW2 Consortium. It requires the use of an Apache
C server, although its reverse proxy mode allows it to be used with applications running on a . different server (IIS, Tomcat, etc.). LemonLDAP::NG makes it possible to base web application authentication on a LDAP
OSS directory, but also on many other directories, databases and other systems such as OpenID
- and SAML. It can also serve as a CAS, OpenID and SAML supplier. Access control can be defined by URL for each application in need of protection, and LemonLDAP::NG provides for access traceability. A web admin interface is also available. The product is developed in Perl and is easy to personalise, in terms of both its behaviour and
SMILE its appearance, via a template engine. . LemonLDAP::NG is distributed under the GPL.
WWW
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OpenAM Version studied: 9.5.3 Website: http://forgerock.com/openam.html
Vendor driven solution (ForgeRock)
OpenAM is a complete identity management solution. After Sun’s decision to stop developing
OM OpenSSO, ForgeRock initiated a fork called OpenAM that it has continued to develop and
C maintain ever since. The company announced that it was going to pursue the release of new . versions of OpenAM by following the original Sun Microsystems roadmap. OpenAM is an infrastructure brick that transparently performs Single Sign On functions for
OSS both web applications and middleware. OpenAM provides a solution that allows for
- simplified roll-outs of web access rights management projects: the universal gateway. OpenAM is distributed under the CDDL (Common Development and Distribution License, an open source license created by Sun Microsystems and based on the Mozilla Public License,
version 1.1). SMILE
. OpenAM is developed in Java.
WWW
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LinOTP Version studied: 2.3 Website: www.linotp.org
Vendor driven solution (LSE Leading Security Experts GmbH)
LinOTP is an open source OTP solution maintained by the German company LSE (Leading
OM Security Experts) GmbH. C
. It is a robust, professional solution that can be integrated with a heterogeneous infrastructure. LinOTP interfaces with all types of tokens that support the HMAC-OTP protocol, as well as with hybrid solutions like MOTP devices. OTP stands for “One-Time
OSS Password”: OTPs are passwords generated at a given time, that are valid over a short period
- of time and only usable once. These passwords are generated thanks to certain hardware, like tokens and even smartphones. LinOTP is distributed under the AGPL v3. An Enterprise edition is also available.
From a technical standpoint, LinOTP is a server written in Python, with which communications SMILE
. are possible via simple HTTP queries. This means it can be administrated using tools other than those provided as part of the distribution. For example, a custom web interface could be developed and included in a special section of an Intranet site.
WWW
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Shibboleth Version studied: 2.0 Website: http://shibboleth.internet2.edu
Community driven solution
Shibboleth was developed by the consortium Internet2, which encompasses more than 200
OM universities and research centres, in order to simplify access to internal and external
C resources and to make such access more secure. Version 1.0 was published in 2003. . Shibboleth provides for the set-up of an authentication system centralised between multiple services, as well as the propagation of identities between these services. The goal of identity
OSS propagation is twofold: to delegate authentication to the user’s original establishment and to
- retrieve certain user attributes (to manage access control or to personalise content). Like the module for Apache HTTP Server, a number of extensions have been developed to allow various systems to interface with Shibboleth.
Shibboleth is distributed under the Apache License 2.0. SMILE
. It is written in Java and C++.
WWW
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Other Among the different products available in the field of identity authentication, federation and management, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM OpenSSO http://java.net/projects/opensso
C . FederID http://federid.ow2.org
OSS
-
SMILE
. WWW
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Page 162
LOAD TESTING TOOLS
As the name suggests, load testing tools are applications that simulate heavy loads on a service.
OM This could be a website, but also a database, LDAP C
. directory, web service, etc. The possibilities are many. A graphical interface is usually available for entry of
the test scenarios: a path via a specific page, clicks on OSS
- a given menu, completion of a particular form, form submission, etc. The scenarios themselves can be extremely complex, with loops, conditions, extraction and reuse of variables, variable loading from an
external file, etc. SMILE
. These applications generally offer load testing output in the form of a large number of exportable graphs and statistics generated in reports. The open source tools in this category include JMeter,
Tsung and FunkLoad. WWW
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JMeter Version studied: 2.5 Website: http://jakarta.apache.org/jmeter
Foundation driven solution (Apache)
JMeter is a traffic injection tool published by the Apache Foundation.
OM It is used to conduct load testing on multiple server types: web, LDAP, database, etc. It has a C
. graphical interface that simplifies the creation of user scenarios. The scenarios themselves can be extremely complex, with loops, conditions, extraction and reuse of variables, variable loading from an external file, and many types of graphs and statistics.
OSS JMeter is distributed under the Apache License. - Its development started in 2001, written in Java.
SMILE
. WWW
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Tsung Version studied: 1.4.0 Website: http://tsung.erlang-projects.org
Community driven solution
Tsung is a traffic injection tool used for load testing of different types of servers.
OM It supports HTTP and a handful of spin-offs (SOAP and WebDAV), MySQL and PostgreSQL C
. databases, and XMPP. Developed in Erlang, a language that specialises in high performance applications, it is not subject to the traditional limitations of this type of tool and can therefore simulate very heavy traffic. It also includes an automated statistics generator.
OSS Initially created by the French company Idealx, it is now developed by an independent - community. Tsung is available under the GPL.
SMILE
. WWW
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Other Among the different products available in the field of load testing tools, the following can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM CLIF http://clif.ow2.org
C . OpenSTA http://opensta.org
FunkLoad http://funkload.nuxeo.org
OSS -
SMILE
.
WWW
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SEARCH ENGINES
Search engines, like operating systems and databases, are the cornerstones of our daily lives.
OM They allow us to locate and access resources (in the C
. broadest sense of the term – web pages, images, videos, files, etc.) indexed with a series of keywords.
Search engines usually consist of two services: OSS
- indexing and searches. They can generally be differentiated by their indexing capacity (format, speed and relevance algorithm) and by their linguistic processing functions (plurals,
conjugations, phonetics, etc.). SMILE . In the world of open source, the market is dominated by the search engines Lucene and Solr. These two are quite often associated with the best web applications.
WWW
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Lucene Version studied: 3.4.0 Website: http://lucene.apache.org
Foundation driven solution (Apache)
Driven by the Apache Foundation, the Lucene project is the solution selected by Wikipedia,
OM among others, to index and perform searches on its content. Lucene is, without a doubt, the
C most well known, most widely used and most dynamic search tool on the open source . market. It was released for free downloading by Doug Cutting in March 2000. First and foremost, Lucene is a content search and indexing library. Like most search engines, Lucene is
based on the concept of automated indexing, in other words, processing input data all at OSS
- once and assigning them multiple links. On the functional side, Lucene supports searches for related forms of the same word (plural or singular, conjugations, tenses, etc.), synonym management, configurable relevance and more. It handles all of this with an exceptional level of performance.
Initially distributed under the LGPL, Lucene is now available under the Apache License.
SMILE . Lucene is written in Java. It can be integrated with Java applications but also with applications in other languages like Ruby, Perl, PHP, C++ and more.
WWW
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OM
C
.
OSS
-
SMILE .
WWW
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Solr Version studied: 3.4.0 Website: http://lucene.apache.org/solr
Foundation driven solution (Apache)
Solr is an overlay of Lucene that adds functionalities and simplifies the roll-out of certain
OM Lucene functions known to be excessively technical. Its development was initiated by CNET
C Networks, which decided to publish their work in 2006. . Solr is a corporate search server that centralises indexing and results serving operations. Solr can communicate with other applications via many protocols based on open standards. It also
OSS offers an admin interface in web mode. One of Lucene’s major characteristics is its capacity to
- index the content by field or by attribute, meaning that a document is not analysed as a simple set of words; rather it is made of fields, with each field being a string of words (terms). Solr makes it possible to take full advantage of this functionality. This allows for much more detailed management of relevance and advanced searches.
SMILE Solr is distributed under the Apache License. .
WWW
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mnoGoSearch Version studied: 3.3.11 Website: www.mnogosearch.org
Vendor driven solution (Lavtech.Com)
mnoGoSearch is a search engine whose first open source version came out in 2000.
OM mnoGoSearch specialises in indexing Internet and Intranet websites. As a result, its indexing C
. method is primarily based on HTTP crawling. For searches, it supplies an integratable CGI script on a web server. A simple template system makes it possible to customise the search page. mnoGoSearch natively supports numerous languages, synonyms, spell-checking,
OSS Boolean search operators and more. It can use a MySQL or PostgreSQL database as storage. - mnoGoSearch also supports the indexing of office documents by means of external utilities (catdoc, pdf2text, etc.), as well as file system indexing without a HTTP server. mnoGoSearch is distributed under the GPL for UNIX environments, whereas Windows
binaries are proprietary and available for a fee. SMILE . mnoGoSearch is developed in C.
WWW
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OpenSearchServer Version studied: 1.2.1 Website: www.open-search-server.com
Vendor driven solution (OpenSearchServer)
OpenSearchServer is a search engine created by Emmanuel Keller. The first open source
OM version was released in 2008. C
. OpenSearchServer was developed internally for the website of Usine Nouvelle. Based on Lucene, it differs from Solr in its HTTP accessible graphical admin interface, its highly advanced site crawling capacity (thread management, page exclusion, index programming,
OSS etc.), a database indexing system and a file crawler. OpenSearchServer also interfaces easily
- with any application by means of a REST interface. In addition, OpenSearchServer is easy to expand with custom modules that enhance its functionalities. OpenSearchServer can also interpret the content of a number of file formats (OpenOffice, MS Office, PDF, etc.). OpenSearchServer is distributed under the GPL. The company of the same name, based in
SMILE Paris, does most of the development work and provides support for the tool. . OpenSearchServer is written in Java.
WWW
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Other Among the different products available in the field of search engines, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM Nutch http://nutch.apache.org
C . Sphinx http://sphinxsearch.com
Flax http://www.flax.co.uk
OSS - LucidWorks http://www.lucidimagination.com/products/lucidworks- search-platform
SMILE
. WWW
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HTTP AND APPLICATION SERVERS
In this category, we will present the open source HTTP and JEE application servers currently available on the
OM market. C
. HTTP servers (also referred to as HTTP daemons and web servers) serve web users’ queries (often pages or
images) in accordance with HTTP protocol. OSS
- In the world of HTTP servers, the Apache server is largely dominant, thanks to its outstanding reputation. It will not be hard to find service providers to meet your consulting or integration needs.
Regarding application servers, although JBoss AS and SMILE
. Tomcat share the spotlight, many other names have also cropped up on the scene, namely GlassFish.
Given the diversity of the tools selected for this
WWW category, the graphs below do not display the average scores.
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JBoss AS Version studied: 7.0.1 Website: www.jboss.org/jbossas
Vendor driven solution (Red Hat)
JBoss AS is the global leader in application servers, with more than one third of the market
OM share. The product’s first designer was Marc Fleury. In April 2006, Red Hat acquired JBoss, Inc. C
. With its Java EE 6 Web Profile certification, it represents an excellent alternative to commercial application servers like WebSphere and WebLogic. JBoss provides a clear and simple admin interface. Its tree structure is, however, quite complex.
OSS JBoss is distributed under the LGPL. - It is written in Java.
SMILE
. WWW
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Tomcat Version studied: 7.0.21 Website: http://tomcat.apache.org
Foundation driven solution (Apache)
Apache Tomcat is the Apache Foundation’s JEE servlets container. The Tomcat project was
OM launched as the reference implementation of servlets by James Duncan Davidson, a software
C engineer at Sun. . It is the most widely used Java application server in the world. Its admin interface is very succinct. Moreover, Tomcat is often combined with a more “general” web server like Apache
OSS or even JBoss. In these cases, the web server serves HTML web pages, for example, and
- delegates pages that use Java (servlets, JSP, etc.) to Tomcat. Tomcat is distributed under the Apache License. It is written in Java. This means it can run via the Java virtual machine on any operating
system that supports it. SMILE
. WWW
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GlassFish Version studied: 3.0.1 Website: http://glassfish.java.net
Vendor driven solution (Oracle)
GlassFish is the reference implementation of Java EE developed by Oracle. In fact, the project
OM originated in 2005 with the opening of the Sun Application Server. The first version of
C GlassFish (1.0) was released in 2006. . In particular, GlassFish boasts a comprehensive admin interface and a complete shell allowing for command line administration of the server. In terms of standards, GlassFish is a complete
OSS implementation of Java EE 6, covering: EJB 3.1, JPA 2.0, JAX-RS 1.1, JSF 2.0, Servlet 3.0, CDI
- 1.0, etc. GlassFish is distributed under either the CDDL or the GPL v2. It is written in Java.
SMILE .
WWW
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Apache Version studied: 2.2.20 Website: http://httpd.apache.org
Foundation driven solution (Apache)
Apache is the most widely used web server in the world. Its development began in 1995 as a
OM mere collection of patches and additions for the NCSA HTTPd 1.3 server. C
. It offers tremendous flexibility in its configuration and a multitude of modules for functional cover that remains unparalleled today. Version 2a namely added multi-platform support (including Windows), a new API and support for IPv6. Over and above its initial scope, Apache
OSS was designed to be modular and to be able to host additional functionalities such as
- interpretation of Perl, PHP, Python and Ruby, support for SSI tags and CGIs, and so on. It is distributed under the Apache License.
SMILE
. WWW
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Other Among the different products available in the field of HTTP and application servers, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM EasyBeans http://wiki.easybeans.org
C . Geronimo http://geronimo.apache.org
JOnAS http://wiki.jonas.ow2.org
OSS - nginx http://nginx.org
lighttpd http://www.lighttpd.net
SMILE .
WWW
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MOM & EAI
Message Oriented Middleware or “MOMs” are particularly invaluable tools in the implementation of
OM exchanges between all types of applications. C
. Middleware allows different applications to communicate and interoperate. This interoperation can occur even when the applications are running on
OSS different servers, so long as they are interconnected - by a network. Middleware is a high level tool, given that it provides its services to applications, but the resulting exchanges are based on a whole stack of network protocols.
SMILE Middleware is more than a mere protocol for calling . the services offered by an application, and RPC, RMI and SOAP, all of which are also asynchronous, are usually considered to be real middleware.
WWW
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ActiveMQ Version studied: 5.5.0 Website: http://activemq.apache.org
Foundation driven solution (Apache)
Released in 2004, ActiveMQ is the open source MOM published by the Apache Foundation.
OM ActiveMQ relies on a handful of other Apache projects: Apache Camel (partial C
. implementation of enterprise integration patterns) and Jetty (Java application server integrated with ActiveMQ). ActiveMQ in turn is used by several other major projects: Apache Service Mix, Mule and Geronimo (as the default JMS provider). ActiveMQ’s message
OSS processing is undoubtedly its most famous asset, after its superior connectivity. Thanks to the
- integrated Camel project, it can process messages according to enterprise integration patterns (EIPs). ActiveMQ is developed in Java. The diversity of languages and environments it supports is particularly impressive and is one of ActiveMQ’s greatest assets. The languages by which
SMILE ActiveMQ can be accessed are: C, C++, Ajax, RESTful and SOAP, .Net, Delphi, FreePascal, Perl, . PHP, Pike, Python, Ruby, etc. It is distributed under the Apache License 2.0.
WWW
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OM
C
.
OSS
-
SMILE .
WWW
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JORAM Version studied: 5.7.0 Website: http://joram.ow2.org
Consortium (OW2) and vendor (ScalAgent) driven solution
JORAM (Java Open Reliable Asynchronous Messaging) is the middleware created by the
OM consortium Object Web, released in 1999. Object Web is also known for its Java application
C server, JOnAS, with which JORAM is integrated. . JORAM has an elegant internal architecture based on the agent model. An agent is a software component the responds to certain events. In the case of JORAM, events take the form of
OSS messages. Queues and topics are therefore represented by agents. A user connected to the
- platform is also represented by an agent called a “proxy”. This approach offers a high level of flexibility because it allows for the creation and deletion of agents on the fly and on any broker whatsoever. The languages by which JORAM can be accessed are: Java (via the JMS interface), C and C++
SMILE (using JNI, which can then simulate a JMS environment). . JORAM has been distributed under the LGPL since May 2000.
WWW
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Other Among the different products available in the field of MOM and EAI, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM JBoss Messaging http://www.jboss.org/jbossmessaging
C .
OSS
-
SMILE
. WWW
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OTHER
In this final category of the “Development and intermediate layers” dimension, we will present other
OM open source tools that can be of benefit to
C companies, although it was difficult to define a . separate category for them. In particular, we will be presenting Drools (an amazing
OSS rule engine) and ESIGate (which makes it possible to - build pages on the fly from fragments taken from different technologies).
SMILE Given the diversity of the tools selected for this
. category, the graphs below do not display the average
scores. WWW
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Drools Version studied: 5.2.0 Website: www.jboss.org/drools
Vendor driven solution (JBoss)
Drools (or JBoss Rules) is a system for managing business rules that uses a forward chaining
OM inference engine. C
. The use of a tool like Drools allows for the evolution of rules and constraints without having to alter the associated computer programme. The benefits of this are clear. Drools comprises multiple modules: Guvnor (web admin interface), Expert (rule engine), Planner (automated
OSS planning engine) and Flow (workflow engine). Drools Guvnor offers the following services:
- version control and rule deployment, rule editing without development, rule hierarchies and categorisation, and automated rule deployment. The rules can be viewed technically, but also thanks to a publisher that is very easy to access, in the form of a business intelligence table that is perfectly understandable by functional users.
SMILE Drools is distributed under the Apache License. .
WWW
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ESIGate Version studied: 2.19 Website: www.esigate.org
Community driven solution
ESIGate is a web content aggregator. It was created by a number of specialist JEE engineers at
OM Smile, the leading European integrator of open source solutions. C
. ESIGate interfaces with existing servers, from which it can retrieve HTML pages on the fly. The various bits of content obtained from different servers are then assembled on a single page and served to the user. The major strength of this approach is the fact that it is
OSS technologically agnostic, capable of integrating any web application without requiring the
- slightest modification to existing set-up. ESIGate can also be configured to extract snatches of content from existing pages. In this instance, HTML comments can then be inserted so as to perfectly delimit the blocks for extraction. ESIGate is distributed under the Apache License. ESIGate is written in Java and accepts
SMILE multiple syntaxes, either based on JSP taglibs or using the ESI standard tags defined by . Akamai for its Content Delivery Network.
WWW
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APPLICATIONS DIMENSION
The “Applications” dimension includes all the solutions commonly used by companies’ end users. They typically offer carefully developed interfaces that are far removed from the
command lines typically available in tools in the “Infrastructure” dimension.
The vast majority of these tools are developed by vendors, unlike infrastructure tools, which are primarily community based. These vendors have chosen the open source model for
OM publication of their solutions. Their economic models are mostly based on support, and even
C warranties, for the products in question. These tools have played a key role in the widespread . adoption of open source technologies, by offering quality applications with very broad scopes.
OSS There are almost no categories now that do not include at least one open source option. Even - in very specific domains like library management and business intelligence, open source solutions are available. More than 50 solutions are evaluated here for this dimension, and nearly 100 are listed in
SMILE total, among the following categories: .
. CRMs . Libraries & Documentation . Business Intelligence: ETLs . Portals
WWW . Business Intelligence: Reporting . Corporate social networks . Business Intelligence: Suites . Blogs, Wikis and Forums . E-commerce . E-learning . ERPs . Visitor tracking . CMSs . Other . EDM & ECM
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CRMS
CRM (customer relationship management) systems are tools designed to capture, process and analyse
OM information on existing and prospective clients. C
. The scope of these tools is therefore potentially very (very) broad, given that it pertains to all the actions developed to foster customer and prospect loyalty by
OSS offering the best possible service. - CRM functionalities can include multi-entity management, customer service, case and groupware management, sales cycles, marketing and mass broadcasting campaigns, contact and account
SMILE management, and more. . Excellent products the likes of SugarCRM and vtiger are some of those available from the world of open source solutions.
WWW
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OpenCRX Version studied: 2.8.5 Website: www.opencrx.org
Community driven solution
openCRX is an open source CRM solution chiefly designed for corporate use. It is currently
OM developed and maintained by a small team of developers. The first version appeared in 2004
C and has continued to improve since then. . openCRX provides a multitude of functionalities including multi-entity CRM for companies with elevated sales automation needs, customer service, case and groupware management,
OSS etc. The functionalities offered in these domains exceed those provided by other CRMs on the
- market (whether open source or not). That being said, it is missing a number of functionalities in other important aspects of the life cycle, such as marketing. Some of the main developers work for companies that supply plug-ins and additional services, particularly CRIXP Corp., a German company. But openCRX itself is a purely community driven
SMILE project. It is available under a BSD-style License. . openCRX is a JEE application that supports most relational databases including Oracle, DB2, MySQL and PostgreSQL.
WWW
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SugarCRM Version studied: 6.3.0 Website: www.sugarcrm.com
Vendor driven solution (SugarCRM, Inc.)
SugarCRM is an open source customer relationship management suite. It was first distributed
OM in 2004 and SugarCRM, Inc. has since continued to develop and maintain it. The vendor is
C based in Cupertino, California. . SugarCRM has evolved to cover all the main features of customer management and the sales cycle. It boasts an impressive list of functionalities, ranging from marketing and mass
OSS broadcasting campaigns to leads, by way of contact and account management, and more. The
- latest versions (particularly since version 6) have emphasised mobile CRM (native applications) and the integration of a Social CRM dimension. SugarCRM comes in three types: a Community edition (free, open source), an Enterprise edition (with additional functionalities) and a SaaS edition (on demand). The Community
SMILE edition (published under the Affero GNU Public License v3) has a much smaller scope than the . other editions. The product is based on a LAMP platform, with a number of possible variants in respect to databases and web servers (so long as PHP can be run).
WWW
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VTiger Version studied: 5.2.1 Website: www.vtiger.com
Vendor driven solution (vtiger)
vtiger is an open source CRM created from a fork of SugarCRM in 2004. The reason for this
OM fork was to preserve a completely free and 100% open source product at a time when
C SugarCRM was beginning to diversify its business model by launching commercial editions. . vtiger has been evolving continuously since then. The latest version (published in November 2010) offers a complete set of functionalities, including reports and dashboards, invoices and
organisational (team) access control. vtiger also has connectors for the most common office OSS
- automation suites and for messaging clients. More recently, vtiger has taken its first steps in the mobile universe with iPhone and Android apps. As a company, vtiger operates out of Bangalore, India, and Sunnyvale, California. It is responsible for managing the open source project. It offers technical support, training,
migration and other services. SMILE . The product is built on a LAMP/WAMP platform. vtiger On Demand (cloud based) is hosted on the Amazon EC2 platform. The source code from the SugarCRM fork is covered by the SugarCRM Public License and vtiger modifications are under the MPL.
WWW
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Other Among the different products available in the field of CRMs, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM CiviCRM http://civicrm.org
C . OpenERP http://www.openerp.com
OSS
-
SMILE
. WWW
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BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE: ETLS
ETLs often serve as a business intelligence brick,
although they can also be used outside that context. OM
ETL stands for “Extract, Transform, Load”. The term C
. designates tools used to perform massive information synchronisations from one data source to another. In practice, ETL tools can be used for much simpler
OSS extraction, transformation and/or loading scenarios. - They usually include connectors for data imports and exports to and from third party applications. Transformations can be performed by means of
existing plug-ins or through programming. SMILE
. Open source ETL solutions include Talend and Pentaho Data Integration (formerly Kettle).
WWW
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Talend Version studied: 4.2.3 Website: www.talend.com
Vendor driven solution (Talend)
Talend Open Studio is an open source ETL tool that appeared in 2005, developed by French
OM based vendor Talend. It is a code generator-style ETL, meaning that it can graphically create
C data manipulation and transformation processes, then generate the corresponding . executable file in the form of a Java or Perl programme. A very thorough list of components makes it possible to connect to any type of database or application (SAP, SugarCRM, etc.). In
2010, a MDM brick was released. OSS
- Talend’s basic brick, Talend Open Studio, which only contains the ETL tool, is licensed under the GPL. The other editions are covered by commercial licenses sold as annual subscriptions. Two editions are available: the ETL, TIS (Talend Integration Suite), and the MDM, Talend MDM. The scope of TIS includes process definition (jobs), business models, process roll-out,
and roll-out administration. The MDM edition includes the above, plus reference data SMILE
. management and a data quality module.
WWW
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Pentaho Data Integration Version studied: 4.1.0 Website: http://kettle.pentaho.com
Vendor driven solution (Pentaho)
Pentaho Data Integration (PDI) is an open source ETL tool used to design and execute data
OM manipulation and transformation operations. At the time when these lines were written, the
C latest available version of Pentaho Data Integration was 4.1. . Thanks to a step based graphical model, data import/export jobs can be created without additional programming, along with various transformation operations like conversions, joins,
OSS filtering and even the execution of JavaScript functions. A planner is also available to schedule
- job execution. A commercial module, Agile BI, provides a graphical view of data transformation results beginning with the first steps in any development. A GPL edition of PDI is available; the Agile BI module is distributed under a commercial
license. SMILE
. WWW
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BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE: REPORTING
One of the key bricks in business intelligence is report preparation.
OM Reporting tools like BIRT not only generate reports C
. (configured or unconfigured) in HTML, PDF, XLS, DOC, PPT and other formats; they can also build dynamic
pivot tables. OSS
- The displayed data can be retrieved from different databases and queries. Further, reporting tools generally have plug-ins to allow them to attach easily to external sources and applications.
Tools like JasperReports go as far as offering SMILE
. multidimensional analyses, which make it possible to take full advantage of the possibilities of a Mondrian
server, directly in a company’s reports. WWW
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BIRT Version studied: 3.7 Website: www.eclipse.org/birt
Foundation driven solution (Eclipse)
BIRT (Business Intelligence and Reporting Tool) is an Eclipse community project that includes
OM a graph generator, a report generator and a design environment. The project was launched in
C 2005. . The BIRT engine is a library that generates configured and unconfigured reports in HTML, PDF, XLS, DOC and PPT formats. These reports can be complex, containing multiple tables,
OSS advanced graphs, and images. BIRT is also able to create dynamic pivot tables. The displayed
- data can be retrieved from different databases and queries. The BIRT engine can be integrated with any application developed in Java, whether it’s a web application or a “fat client” style app. The report designer is a plug-in that integrates with Eclipse (and can also be run as a stand-alone solution).
SMILE BIRT is exclusively available under the GPL. .
WWW
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JasperReports / iReport Version studied: 4.0.2 Website: http://jasperforge.org/project/ireport
Vendor driven solution (Jaspersoft)
JasperReports is a report engine developed by Jaspersoft and distributed under an open
OM source license. iReport is Jaspersoft’s report designer. When this paper was written,
C JasperReports and iReport were available in version 4.0.2. These tools have been around . since 2001 and are already widely used in the reporting segments of many business applications.
OSS The JasperReports engine can generate reports in PDF, HTML, XML, CSV, RTF, XLS and TXT
- formats. It uses JFreeChart to generate graphs and can be integrated with any application developed in Java. In addition to the classic databases, it also supports multidimensional analytical servers, which makes it possible to take full advantage of the possibilities of a Mondrian server, directly in a JasperReports report. The report designer, iReport, is used to
lay out the reports. SMILE . JasperReports has a community edition (under the GPL) and a commercial edition (under a proprietary license).
WWW
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Pentaho Report Designer Version studied: 3.8 Website: http://reporting.pentaho.com
Vendor driven solution (Pentaho)
JFreeReport joined the Pentaho project in early 2006. The name, JFreeReport, has gradually
OM been abandoned in favour of Pentaho Report Designer (PRD). PRD allows for the
C development of complex reports and, when used with the Pentaho platform, can publish . them directly on the decision server. At the time of writing, PRD was available in version 3.8. Pentaho Report Designer is an easy to use tool that is fully integrated with Pentaho’s BI suite
OSS for parameter management and online publication. It can generate reports in PDF, HTML,
- XML, CSV, RTF and XLS formats and supports multiple data sources. However, the creation of dynamic pivot tables is not user-friendly (hidden functionality) but is expected to be improved in version 4. Pentaho Report Designer has a community edition (under the GPL) and a commercial edition
SMILE (under a proprietary license). .
WWW
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BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE: SUITES
Business intelligence suites generally cover the two
categories presented above, i.e. ETLs and reporting. OM
This means the scope of these suites is extremely C
. broad: report execution, OLAP analysis with Mondrian, query assistance, ETL, publication
workflow management module, etc. OSS
- There is a wealth of open source business intelligence tools including four of very high quality: Jaspersoft, SpagoBI, Palo and Pentaho.
SMILE
. WWW
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SpagoBI Version studied: 3.0 Website: http://www.spagoworld.org/
Vendor driven solution (Engineering Ingegneria Informatica)
SpagoBI is a business intelligence platform developed by Italian firm Engineering Ingegneria
OM Informatica. The project was launched in 2007. At the time of writing, SpagoBI Server was
C available in version 3.0. . Like Pentaho and JasperServer, the scope of SpagoBI’s functionalities includes the execution of JasperReports reports (created using iReport) and BIRT reports, OLAP analysis with
OSS Mondrian, a support component for query creation (Query by Example, QbE), etc. The default
- ETL tool is Talend. In addition, this suite also offers a publication workflow management module (draft reports not visible on the web portal). SpagoBI is available under the LGPL, i.e. only open source, no commercial edition.
SMILE
. WWW
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Jaspersoft Version studied: 4.1 Website: www.jaspersoft.com
Vendor driven solution (Jaspersoft)
JasperServer is the business intelligence platform published by Jaspersoft, the company that
OM also develops the report generator JasperReports, available since 2001. This platform delivers
C reporting and analytical functionalities. . The community edition offers report design and generation (using iReport). The commercial edition can create business domains, and semantic and technical layers over relational SQL
OSS databases, which can simultaneously define a business lexicon, separate the user from the
- technical side and from SQL, and easily add in data access security. Another major functionality is the creation of ad hoc reports, where the end user can create his or her own reports on a user-friendly web interface. In addition, like other BI platforms, Jasper can create OLAP cubes (Mondrian bricks) and integrates Talend for ETL.
SMILE JasperServer comes in a community edition (under the GPL) and a commercial edition (under . a proprietary license).
WWW
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Pentaho Version studied: 4 Website: www.pentaho.com
Vendor driven solution (Pentaho)
Pentaho is a software suite that distributes functionalities and business intelligence
OM documents to a large number of people via the intermediary of a web interface. The project
C was launched in 2007. . Like JasperServer, Pentaho covers all the functionalities of a BI suite: ETL (Pentaho Data Integration), OLAP analysis (Mondrian), ad hoc reporting, a metadata layer and classic
OSS reporting (Pentaho Report Designer). The differences are as follows: ad hoc reporting is
- available in the community edition, but is much less evolved there than in the commercial JasperServer, the reporting does not yet include dynamic pivot tables, and data security control is more complicated to set up. Overall, the Pentaho suite is more complete than Jasper’s community edition, but the opposite is true of the commercial edition, in which
JasperServer offers very useful functionalities (domains, advanced ad hoc reporting and SMILE
. more). Pentaho has a community edition (under the GPL) and a commercial edition (under a proprietary license).
WWW
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Palo Version studied: 3.2 Website: www.jedox.com/en/products/Palo-Suite.html
Vendor driven solution (Palo)
Jedox, a German company founded in 2002, publishes the Palo Suite, as well as various
OM related components that combine to make it a complete business intelligence suite. C
. This suite comprises the following: an OLAP server to manage multidimensional databases (in the form of cubes and dimensions), an add-on for Microsoft Excel and OpenOffice.org Calc (supports cube reading and writing), an “Excel-like” web spreadsheet programme
OSS incorporating all the functions of Excel (formulas, graphs, macros, etc.) that allows for online
- entry and access of data on the OLAP server, an ETL tool for interfacing with operational databases in order to feed data to Palo’s DBs, and an event observer (Supervision Server) that can also trigger events based on certain actions. Palo BI Suite is available in a community edition (under the GPL) and a commercial edition.
SMILE The commercial edition includes a web report manager, the Supervision Server and a tool for . converting Excel files to web spreadsheets, in addition to the functionalities of the community edition.
WWW
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E-COMMERCE
The field of e-commerce is another very plentiful one. Whether e-merchants want to advertise their e-shops
OM and increase their traffic, inform customers about
C their products, give clients a terrific shopping . experience, conclude sales, provide customer service or perform any number of other actions, many
solutions are available to them today. OSS
- However, in this category we have nonetheless focused on open source e-shop solutions, presenting the leading products including Magento and PrestaShop.
SMILE The scope of e-shops has been expanding, now . encompassing functionalities like advanced categorisation, the definition of product groups, management of configurable products, cross-selling and up-selling functions, promotional engines, multi-
WWW shop management, advanced currency and VAT rate management, and more.
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Magento Version studied: 1.6 (Community edition) and 1.11 (Enterprise edition) Website: www.magentocommerce.com
Vendor driven solution (Magento Inc.)
Beginning with its first beta versions in 2007, this tool, driven by US based Magento Inc.
OM (formerly Varien), generated tremendous buzz worldwide, which allowed it to bring together
C an extremely active community in record time. . Magento’s great strength lies in its superior modularity and its robustness. It was clearly devised to support ambitious, large scale merchant sites with functionalities like advanced
OSS categorisation, the definition of product groups, management of configurable products,
- cross-selling and up-selling functions, a powerful promotional engine, multi-shop management, advanced currency and VAT rate management, etc. Initially distributed exclusively under the OSL, Magento’s gamble paid off upon its release, capturing a large share of the market. In April 2009, Magento announced the release of an
SMILE Enterprise edition. In return for an annual fee, this version provides a number of additional . functionalities and a support contract. The solution is based on the Zend PHP framework and boasts many innovations in terms of participatory functionalities.
WWW
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PrestaShop Version studied: 1.4.4.1 Website: www.prestashop.com
Vendor driven solution (PrestaShop)
Released a few months after Magento (in July 2008), PrestaShop is a French e-commerce
OM solution that quickly won over a large number of users thanks to its easy implementation and
C its complete alignment with the needs of e-merchants, which have since established strong . ties with the product (80,000 websites worldwide use the solution). From a functional perspective, PrestaShop has also proven to be quite complete: in terms of
OSS catalogues, account management, orders, logistics and reporting, all the functionalities of an
- e-commerce platform are covered. The tool even includes native management of functions like shop locators, SMS alerts and customer rewards programmes. And if that were not enough, nearly a thousand ready to use modules are also available.
PrestaShop is distributed under the OSL. SMILE
. PrestaShop is 100% developed in PHP/MySQL. It has an API and provides complete web service cover, which makes it possible to adjust the tool to meet new needs and specific contexts.
WWW
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OXID Version studied: 4.5 Website: www.oxid-esales.com
Vendor driven solution (OXID)
Released in November 2008, German solution OXID quickly conquered the German-speaking
OM market thanks to its great functional depth. After becoming the leading e-commerce solution
C in Germany in a very short period of time, OXID arrived in France in mid 2011, in an edition . completely localised for the specific characteristics of the French market. Without a doubt, it offers the greatest functional depth of any solution, after Magento. OXID
OSS was devised for use as a multi-channel system: web, mobile, interactive kiosks, etc.
- Everything in it is designed to allow users to serve their catalogues to multiple devices. Although there is some room for improvement in its back office ergonomics, OXID remains suitable for even the most ambitious of merchant sites.
OXID is distributed under the GPL v3. SMILE
. OXID is 100% developed in PHP/MySQL. It integrates jQuery’s Ajax framework, has an API and provides complete web service cover, which makes it possible to adjust the tool to meet new needs and specific contexts.
WWW
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RBS Change Version studied: 3.0.4 Website: www.rbschange.com
Vendor driven solution (Ready Business System)
The open source model has attracted many different software companies. RBS joined their
OM ranks when it released its Change CMS and e-commerce applications under an open source
C license in February 2010. . The fruit of five years of development work and more than a hundred projects, this solution is very promising from both a technical and a functional perspective. The aspects that
OSS differentiate this solution are the following: fully integrated and joined CMS and e-commerce
- systems, a management back office that uses Ajax technology, an Enterprise edition with advanced functionalities (ability to preview a site as it will appear on a given date, automated management of promotions, etc.) and so on. RBS Change is published under the Affero GPL v3. Because of the newness of its turn toward
SMILE open source, RBS Change has few members in its community, meaning it has not yet . developed this key component to ensuring the longevity of its open source solution. RBS Change is written in PHP and is based on a PHP5 framework developed by the vendor and that offers an advanced development environment.
WWW
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Drupal Commerce Version studied: 1.0 Website: www.drupalcommerce.org
Vendor driven solution (Commerce Guys)
Released in August 2011, Drupal Commerce is the e-commerce branch of the globally
OM renowned CMS, Drupal. The successor to the Ubercart extension, Drupal Commerce enjoys
C the support of two companies: Commerce Guys for its roadmap management and community . moderation, and Acquia (created by Drupal’s founder, Dries Buytaert) for its support services. Although the functional scope of Drupal Commerce remains slightly smaller than its elders, it
OSS is, along with RBSChange, the only solution to offer real content management functionalities,
- backed by the recognised efficiency of Drupal. Like the CMS, Drupal Commerce is also an extremely modular solution with a very active community. Drupal Commerce is licensed under the GPL v3.
Drupal Commerce is 100% developed in PHP/MySQL. It is distributed as a Drupal 7 module. SMILE
. WWW
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osCommerce Version studied: 3.0.2 Website: www.oscommerce.com
Community driven solution
It would be hard to omit osCommerce in a discussion of open source e-commerce solutions.
OM This tool, first released in March 2000, was quickly established as the must-have e-commerce
C solution and the standard bearer for open source supply, which was only just beginning to . blossom at the time. But in recent years, the community has begun to break apart from the development team,
OSS developing a multitude of forks. Development of the solution itself has slowed substantially
- since 2006. As the ageing code makes the application very difficult to maintain, the team embarked on a complete overhaul of the tool, whose third version was recently released after several years’ wait. Distributed under the GPL, osCommerce relies entirely on a once very large and very active
SMILE community. . Wholly developed in PHP/MySQL, osCommerce owes a great deal of its success to the lack of open source alternatives and to the explosion of e-business in the early 2000s. Today it remains the most commonly deployed webshop in the world.
WWW
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Other Among the different products available in the field of e-commerce, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM Thelia http://thelia.net
C . OFBiz http://ofbiz.apache.org
Spree http://spreecommerce.com
OSS - Broadleaf Commerce http://www.broadleafcommerce.org
SMILE
. WWW
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ERPS
The world of enterprise resource planning (ERP) has in turn been overwhelmed by open source solutions that
OM have now reached maturity. C
. Open source ERPs initially provided small SMEs with complete management tools at the lowest cost, thereby rapidly stepping up their competitiveness. But
OSS these solutions are already climbing the ladder, - currently targeting SMEs with staff of more than 1000, in the industrial, distribution and services sectors.
Because the playing field is so vast, differences in SMILE
. functional cover can turn a product more toward a particular sector of activities. But one of the most important selection criteria is flexibility/expandability, in other words the technological bases that will allow a given product to be adapted to a variety of different
WWW contexts with a limited number of custom developments. Products like Compiere, OpenERP, Openbravo and ERP5 set the bar for open source ERPs.
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Compiere Version studied: 3.2 (Community Edition) Website: www.compiere.com
Vendor driven solution (Compiere Inc.)
Compiere was originally developed by Jorg Janke of Germany, backed by his 20 years of
OM experience at SAP then Oracle and his proficiency in the products ADV/Orga, Unisys, R/2 and
C R/3. . The concept of the application dictionary (a Compiere based meta-programming model used to align relational persistence with the structures of personalised business data and data
OSS interfaces) was prototyped in 1988 for SAP, then used in service of the Compiere open source
- project. The latter has been extremely successful in recent years (especially in the distribution and services sectors), thanks in particular to its support of the Oracle database and its Java base. From a functional standpoint, Compiere is relatively comprehensive, particularly for SMEs/SMIs, for example with sales management, purchasing functions, inventory and
logistics functions, accountancy and financial management, production management, etc. SMILE . Compiere is distributed under the MPL and is written in Java.
WWW
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ERP5 Version studied: 5.4.6 Website: www.erp5.com
Vendor driven solution (Nexedi)
ERP5 is one of the new classes of ERPs whose more ambitious conceptual foundations have
OM simplified the development of business solutions. ERP5 was created, and is now primarily
C maintained, by Nexedi, an open source vendor headquartered in Lille, France. . It boasts a relatively broad scope, namely including finance and accountancy, customer relationship management (CRM), management of purchasing, sales and e-commerce, supply
OSS chain management (SCM), production data management (PDM), and management of
- inventory, logistics and human resources. Thus ERP5 is indeed an ERP, but also a CRM, MRP, SCM and PDM system. ERP5 is distributed under the GPL.
It is written in Python and based on the Zope Object Database which, despite its qualities, SMILE
. does not rank among the top relational databases.
WWW
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OFBiz Version studied: 10.04 Website: http://ofbiz.apache.org
Foundation driven solution (Apache)
The Open For Business (OFBiz) project was created in 2001 and concluded its first
OM development phase around 2003 under the impetus of its two creators, David Jones and
C Andrew Zenesky. . Since then, the project has been enhanced with numerous additional functional modules. In 2006 it was even submitted to the Apache Foundation as an incubator project. It very quickly
OSS emerged from the process as an approved, top level project. Unlike Compiere and OpenERP,
- OFBiz was not designed as a turnkey ERP. It is instead an ERP framework for the development of enterprise software. Further, in recent years the tool has focused particularly on e- commerce interfaces.
OFBiz is distributed under the Apache License. SMILE
. It is written in Java.
WWW
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Openbravo Version studied: 3.0 Website: www.openbravo.com
Vendor driven solution (Openbravo)
Openbravo is a Spanish solution based on Compiere’s ERP (another open source product
OM presented in this paper) and created in 2001. The project, initially called Tecnicia, went open
C source in 2005. . Openbravo forked all Compiere’s business PL/SQL source code, as well as its entity manager, and transposed it to a web interface set up on a Java server. These interfaces are the
OSS product’s strong point, as they are perhaps the most attractive and most ergonomic on the
- market. Despite major fund-raising activities in 2005, the product’s dynamics are only moderate, particularly in terms of its client lists. Openbravo targets the ERP market for SMEs and has quite a large scope, although smaller than that of OpenERP. Openbravo is published under the Openbravo Public License, based on the MPL (v1.1). The
SMILE vendor is solid and capable of supplying professional level support. . Openbravo is based on web technologies including JEE and Ajax.
WWW
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OpenERP Version studied: 6.0.3 Website: www.openerp.com
Vendor driven solution (OpenERP)
OpenERP (formerly Tiny ERP) was founded in Belgium in 2005 by Fabien Pinckaers.
OM OpenERP combines the strength of a vendor with that of a large community – including its C
. integrators based around the world – that outline all the ways the tool is used and provide precious feedback, particularly in the form of reusable modules. All this is made possible by real technological innovation based on recognised standards in terms of databases and web
OSS services. OpenERP covers all needs, such as sales, purchasing, HR, projects, accountancy,
- logistics, inventory, production, billing and more, and its framework allows for rapid adaptation to unique contexts, whether by configuring new workflows or new information, or by means of dashboards, resulting in the constantly increasing effectiveness of the ERP in a business setting.
SMILE OpenERP is distributed under the AGPL 3.0 (version 6 of the tool and onward). . OpenERP is written in Python and is supported by a powerful object oriented framework. The PostgreSQL database is used.
WWW
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CMSS
Content management now covers a wide range of needs: information sites, corporate sites, service sites,
OM secure extranets, participatory intranets, community
C spaces, etc. . To cover this scope, there are a number of excellent open source solutions with very broad scopes
OSS like eZ Publish, Drupal, TYPO3, Jahia, InfoGlue, SPIP, - Hippo CMS, Joomla and Plone, which have all become standards in the world of content management, given their domination as a result of their capacities,
modularity, and their functional and technical scopes. SMILE
. Over the years, they have become more than serious alternatives in the field of enterprise content management: they now dominate the market.
WWW
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Drupal Version studied: 7.8 Website: www.drupal.org
Community driven solution
Drupal is a multi-faceted CMS. Originally designed as a collective blog, it has a wide variety of
OM possible applications today: from the corporate website to the community portal, Drupal
C does it all! It was designed in the 2000s by Dries Buytaert and has enjoyed worldwide success . ever since. An enormous community has formed around the product. The main strength of this CMS lies in its expandability. It can easily host numerous
OSS complementary modules (forums, photo galleries, polls, forms, newsletters, messaging, chats,
- surveys, online payments, shared calendars and more). In particular, it has well designed, highly appreciated modules developed by the community, that make it particularly well suited to corporate social networks. Drupal is published under the GNU GPL and is 100% open source. Support is available from
SMILE Acquia (www.acquia.com). . Technically speaking, Drupal is built around LAMP technologies (PHP and MySQL in particular).
WWW
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eZ Publish Version studied: 4.5 Website: www.ez.no
Vendor driven solution (eZ Systems)
eZ Publish was created in 1999 by eZ Systems. eZ Publish stands out from other open source
OM CMSs for its possibilities in terms of configurations and extensions: it is presented as a ready
C to use tool, but also as a development framework for the creation of business applications. . In terms of the fundamentals of content management, eZ Publish is one of the most powerful open source tools available today. It pushes the object oriented approach to its full potential,
OSS making each content item an object and applying all available methods to each one: multiple
- positioning, versioning, multilingualism, links between content, access rights, workflows, etc. This makes it a highly configurable CMS. eZ Publish is an open source software solution published under the GPL. Two editions are distributed: a Community edition and a commercial Enterprise edition that provides stability,
SMILE support and a warranty. . Technically, eZ Publish is written in PostGreSQL, runs on Apache and MySQL (PostgreSQL 8 and Oracle 11g are supported), manages three different file caches and separates content very distinctly from presentation.
WWW
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OM
C
.
OSS
-
SMILE
. WWW
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Hippo CMS Version studied: 7.6 Website: www.onehippo.com
Vendor driven solution (OneHippo)
Hippo CMS is an open source CMS that is a member of the family of CMSs written in Java. It
OM was created in 1999 by Dutch vendor OneHippo. It is heavily used in the Nordic countries and
C especially in the Netherlands. . It includes most of the functionalities that one might expect of a CMS: document model publishing, content creation, multilingualism, templating, publication workflows, multiple
OSS sites, content import/export, direct content publishing, etc. The user interface is less
- extensive than in some of the other products, but it remains ergonomic and functional and includes most of the common functionalities expected of a good CMS. The product’s roadmap is, moreover, particularly dynamic and promises a comprehensive, quality suite. Hippo CMS is distributed under the Apache License 2.0. Two editions are distributed: a
SMILE Community edition and an Enterprise edition that provides stability, support and a warranty. . Technically well designed, Hippo CMS offers real benefits for the integration of functional needs by developers. The designers of Hippo CMS endeavoured to comply with standards (JEE), to use proven tools like Spring, Jackrabbit and Maven, and to define a clear, scalable
architecture. These efforts make it easy for developers to take charge of the tool. WWW
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Jahia Version studied: 6.5 Website: www.jahia.com
Vendor driven solution (Jahia)
Jahia is a Franco-Swiss product created in the 2000s, which occupies a place apart in the
OM world of JEE portals and CMSs. In fact, Jahia is one of only a few solutions to combine JEE
C portals with content management in a single, perfectly integrated product. Jahia’s finishing . touches and packaging are impressive. Jahia stands out from other CMSs thanks to its content administration interface, which is merged with the site itself. In functional terms, Jahia is one
of the most compete CMS solutions, incorporating multi-site management, versioning, OSS
- effective workflows, structured data, multilingualism, highly detailed rights management, etc. In particular, version 6.5 saw the arrival of a very user-friendly interface and a very complete template publisher. Jahia makes for an excellent alternative to the portal solutions available from the major
proprietary vendors, with the possibility of viewing and modifying its source code (under the SMILE
. GPL for the Community edition), thereby ensuring the tool’s longevity and alignment with real needs on the ground. Jahia also has an Enterprise version available under a commercial license that provides stability, support and a warranty. Jahia is built on JEE technologies: persistence via Hibernate, support for JSR 170 standards,
Apache Lucene search engine, support for JSR 168 portlet standards, etc. WWW
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OM
C
.
OSS
- SMILE
. Joomla Version studied: 1.7 Website: www.joomla.org
WWW Community driven solution
Joomla is a CMS developed from Mambo in 2005. It was created after a disagreement between the lead developers and the company coordinating the development. Today, the majority of developers in the community devote their work to Joomla, which clearly tips the scales in its favour. This tool chiefly stands out for the user-friendliness of its admin interface. The mantra is to “give full product control to non-technicians”. Page creation, categorisation, searches, access stats, meaningful URLs and a multitude of modules are integrated directly and do not require any special knowledge for their implementation. This CMS is ideally suited to personal websites but could also satisfy the needs of certain professional sites, particularly corporate- style sites (requiring simple publication). Joomla is a 100% community based solution published under the GNU GPL. Joomla is written in PHP and uses a MySQL database.
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OM
C
.
OSS
- SMILE
. WWW
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SPIP Version studied: 2.1.10 Website: www.spip.net
Community driven solution
Originally in 2001, SPIP was primarily used by web surfers to manage their own personal
OM websites and on associations’ websites, but SPIP has since grown and is now used by private
C and public organisations to manage their professional websites. SPIP is one of the few CMSs . to be able to claim client references that number in the thousands worldwide. This success can be attributed to the product’s simplicity, in terms of use as well as deployment and
adaptation. The flip side of this simplicity is that SPIP has a number of limitations in respect of OSS
- certain key content management functionalities, which clearly restricts it to the world of web oriented, as opposed to corporate oriented, content management. SPIP is a French open source project (licensed under the GPL) and its community can be described as active, with multiple versions released each year and hundreds – if not
thousands – of members. SMILE . SPIP’s software is written in PHP using a MySQL database. Version 2.0 of SPIP was released nearly two years after version 1.9.2. This new branch offers a multitude of new functionalities: possibility of installation on PostgreSQL and SQLite, a simplified, private, Ajax based interface, a page for downloading and installing plug-ins, conflict management, an API,
and new template development functions. WWW
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TYPO3 Version studied: 4.5 LTS Website: www.typo3.org
Community driven solution
TYPO3 is the fruit of several years of labour by a Danish guru by the name of Kasper Skårhøj.
OM The product was released late in 2000, since which time a very active community has
C developed, particularly in the Germanic countries. . In terms of ready to use functionalities, TYPO3 is one of the richest tools we have encountered to date. It offers just about everything one might want, all of which nicely
OSS polished. Rights and contribution management, caching, authorisations, templates and more:
- it’s all there, with very few limitations. One of the functionalities available in TYPO3 is image manipulation, which allows images to be resized, thumbnails to be created and titles to be generated dynamically as images. One of its major strengths lies in its modular expandability. A module can add a series of functionalities to TYPO3, but it can also modify a previously
integrated functionality without altering TYPO3’s source code, thus maintaining its SMILE
. compatibility with future versions of the tool. TYPO3 is a 100% community based solution published under the GPL. TYPO3 is written in PHP and uses a MySQL database.
WWW
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Other In the world of content management, open source supply is particularly strong. By way of example, over and above the products presented above, the following tools can also be
added:
OM Name URL / Website C
. Plone http://plone.org
InfoGlue http://www.infoglue.org OSS
- Mambo http://www.mamboserver.com
Apache Lenya http://lenya.apache.org
Zope http://www.zope.org SMILE
. SilverStripe http://www.silverstripe.com
MODX http://modx.com
CMS Made Simple http://www.cmsmadesimple.org
WWW Sympal http://www.sympalphp.org
Apostrophe http://apostrophenow.com
Cayaha http://cahaya-project.org
Magnolia http://www.magnolia-cms.com
Silverpeas http://www.silverpeas.com
umbraco http://umbraco.com
Centurion http://centurion-project.org
OpenCMS http://www.opencms.org
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EDM & ECM
Enterprise content management (ECM) is characterised by a combination of electronic
OM document management tools (EDM or DMS) and
C content management systems (CMS). . ECM can increase an organisation’s efficiency by offering its personnel a practical and efficient solution
OSS for creating, locating and using information – whether - or not it is structured or included in a document. At present, open source EDM solutions have reached an extraordinary level of maturity and can compete
on equal terms with the main commercial products, SMILE
. providing unique benefits in terms of openness, longevity and pricing. Alfresco, Nuxeo, Knowledge Tree, Maarch, Jahia and more: the available supply of open source document
management solutions is expanding every day. WWW
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Alfresco Version studied: 3.4 Website: www.alfresco.com
Vendor driven solution (Alfresco Software)
Alfresco is the ECM solution created in 2005 by British vendor Alfresco Software, itself
OM founded the same year by former executives at Documentum and Business Object. The
C company now operates directly in England, France and the United States. . Alfresco offers all the expected document management functionalities: metadata, document types, document workflows and advanced workflows, category management, collaboration
OSS tools, searches, management of multiple, independent databases, web content management
- and more. Alfresco comes in two editions: a free Labs edition under the GPL and an Enterprise edition that gives access to the vendor’s warranty, to RM and integrated clustering modules and to
intermediate versions. SMILE
. Alfresco is written in JEE and has strong development dynamics as well as a large community of users and developers. The Alfresco Forge site is also worthy of note, with its wide variety of plug-ins.
WWW
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Nuxeo Version studied: 5.4.2 Website: www.nuxeo.com
Vendor driven solution (Nuxeo)
Nuxeo is a French company founded by Stéfane Fermigier, that has been producing an open
OM source EDM solution since 2001. Nuxeo Enterprise Platform is the result of the migration of
C the Zope based version in Python to Java. The company currently operates in France and the . United States. The solution provides for complete enterprise content management, incorporating metadata,
OSS document types, advanced workflows, category management, collaboration functions,
- searches, complex content management (web, multi-file, structured, etc.), multiple database management and more. The tool sets itself apart thanks to various special aspects: a theme editor, the concept of typed “relationships” between different contents, vocabulary management, the concept of the publication section, completely modular architecture, etc.
SMILE Nuxeo is published under the LGPL. . Nuxeo is built on JEE technologies and uses open source components from the JBoss, Apache and Eclipse projects and from Sun’s open source projects.
WWW
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Knowledge Tree Version studied: 3.7 Website: www.knowledgetree.com
Vendor driven solution (Jam Warehouse)
Knowledge Tree is an EDM solution developed by the South African company Jam
OM Warehouse. C
. Knowledge Tree has a complete set of functionalities and multiple modules that provide for good integration with an office environment. The application is well crafted and provides for simple and efficient EDM. We particularly appreciated the streamlined, immediately
OSS operational standard interface, the advanced search functionality that will meet the most
- demanding needs for complex searches, the admin functions, the default virtual navigation modes and the ergonomics of the module when integrated with MS Office, to name but a few aspects. The open source edition of Knowledge Tree incorporates the majority of its functions,
SMILE although a number of modules, namely those concerning workstation integration (hot folder, . navigation, MS Office integration, a scanner management application, etc.), are distributed under a commercial license. The vendor’s website posts a comparison of the different editions.
Knowledge Tree is written in PHP and runs on a LAMP platform. WWW
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Maarch Version studied: 1.2 Website: www.maarch.com/en
Vendor driven solution (Maerys)
Maarch is an ECM solution developed by the French firm Maerys. Its product line includes
OM Maarch Entreprise and Letter Box, an application dedicated to mailroom management. C
. Letter Box is a vertical application that can, in particular, interface with a scanner and can manage the life cycle of correspondence circulating within the company: receipt, response handling and archiving. It is delivered with a set of functions and an interface that is
OSS completely mailroom oriented. Maarch Entreprise is dedicated to application design. This
- distribution also includes the functions needed for corporate EDM. The solution is licensed under the GPL v3. It should be noted that the solution’s community is rather small, revolving closely around the vendor.
Finally, Maarch is build on an in-house PHP framework, Maarch Framework 3. This orientation SMILE
. provides a solution for the design of corporate document applications.
WWW
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Other In the world of document management, open source supply is particularly strong. By way of example, over and above the products presented above, the following tools can also be
added:
OM Name URL / Website C
. Jahia http://www.jahia.com
Freedom http://www.dynacase.org OSS
- Quotero http://www.quotero.com
eXo DMS http://www.exoplatform.com
SMILE
.
WWW
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LIBRARIES & DOCUMENTATION
Built upon the world of document management, open source library and documentation management tools
OM have emerged in recent years. C
. The most notable examples of these are Koha and PMB.
The main functionalities of these tools include notice OSS
- imports and UNIMARC cataloguing, disk management, borrower management, lending/returns with fines, Z3950 Client and Server, OAI-PMH server, thesaurus management, OPAC (user search interface), DSI (interest based displays), management of periodicals
SMILE and purchasing, etc.
. WWW
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Koha Version studied: 4.2 Website: www.koha.org
Community driven solution
This ILS (integrated library system) was created in 1999 by a consortium of four libraries in
OM New Zealand. Koha is chiefly designed for libraries that want to comply with the UNIMARC
C cataloguing standard. . Koha’s main functionalities include notice imports and UNIMARC cataloguing, disk management, lending/returns with fines, periodicals and ordering, OPAC, Z3950 Client and
OSS Server, OAI-PMH server, and so on. With the exception of thumbnail retrieval, Koha does not
- offer any EDM functions. It is recommended that OPAC searches be replaced by a CMS (for example, a Drupal connector already exists) for more user-friendly ergonomics. Distributed under the GNU GPL v2, Koha is maintained by its community. Two French
companies have built their businesses around Koha. SMILE
. Koha is developed in Perl and runs on Debian Linux, but can also be installed on OpenBSD, FreeBSD, Mac OS X, Windows, etc. The databases it supports are MySQL and PostgreSQL.
WWW
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PMB Version studied: 3.4 Website: www.pmbservices.fr
Vendor driven solution (PMB Services)
Created in 2003 by French company PMB Services, this very complete ILS was chiefly designed
OM for document resource centres and specialised libraries that do not require UNIMARC
C cataloguing. . PMB’s main functionalities include the cataloguing of all types of documents (text, multimedia, web, etc.) with file attachments. Fulltext indexing is provided for in its roadmap,
OSS along with notice imports (UNIMARC, CSV, etc.), thesaurus management, OPAC (user search
- interface), DSI (interest based displays), borrower management, management of periodicals and purchasing, Z3950 Client, and more. PMB is distributed under the CeCILL License. It should be noted that, at the time of writing, it
had no established network of partners. SMILE
. PMB was developed around a LAMP/WAMP platform (Apache, PHP, MySQL, etc.) that can therefore run on Linux, Mac OS X or Microsoft Windows.
WWW
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PORTALS
A portal is a website that brings together a variety of resources, either pertaining to the same subject (real
OM estate, job offers, etc.) or with no specific subject, i.e.
C a general interest portal such as Yahoo!. . Portals provide access to resources that they do not necessarily own: they offer services from other
OSS websites, and their own added value stems from the - selection and compilation of these tools. Finally, portals also incorporate a degree of more or less advanced personalisation.
A combination of content and service packaging, links SMILE
. to third party resources, and personalisation: these are the aspects that typically define a portal. A number of open source tools are available for the creation of this type of project. The top examples
include Liferay, eXo Platform and, more recently, WWW Silverpeas.
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eXo Platform Version studied: 3.0 Website: www.exoplatform.com
Vendor driven solution (eXo)
eXo is an open source French vendor founded in 2003. The company has offices in France, the
OM United States, Vietnam, Ukraine and Tunisia. It publishes a collaboration and content
C management software suite for businesses. . The latest version of eXo Platform (3.0) incorporates four open source projects in a single package: eXo Collaboration (2.1), eXo WCM (2.1), eXo Knowledge (2.1) and eXo Social (1.1).
OSS The solution’s ergonomics are slightly behind the competition, but the product’s functional
- collaboration and exchange tools make it a viable candidate for any project of this type. eXo Platform is distributed under a double licensing model. The source code and a packaged edition are freely accessible via an open source license (Affero GPL), whilst an enterprise
edition is sold by subscription. SMILE
. eXo Platform is written in Java and complies with standards JSR 168 and 286 and WSRP 1 and 2. It also integrates a content repository in alignment with JSR 170.
WWW
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Silverpeas Version studied: 7.4 Website: www.silverpeas.com
Vendor driven solution (Oevo Group)
Silverpeas is a collaborative and social portal. Developed between 2001 and 2003, the
OM solution first came to life as proprietary software before its recent transition to open source. C
. Silverpeas stands out for its significant functional depth and generally user-friendly ergonomics. Although the product’s visibility remains chiefly national at present, Silverpeas is a very interesting option for quick builds of simple collaborative portals. Silverpeas is not just
OSS a portal, a CMS or a collaborative work tool. In reality, it is at the crossroads of these three
- dimensions. It is a portal, because it can compile heterogeneous resources. It is a CMS, because it provides for easy builds of mini-sites with a simple WYSIWYG interface. It is a collaborative tool, because it includes project management tools with tasks and an integrated Gantt diagram, a shared calendar, a forum, a blog and a common directory.
SMILE Silverpeas is distributed under the Affero GPL v3. . It is written in Java and complies with standards JSR 168 and 286.
WWW
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Liferay Version studied: 6.0 Website: www.liferay.com
Vendor driven solution (Liferay Inc.)
Liferay is a good-level open source corporate portal solution that can be used, among other
OM functionalities, to compile content and information, to share resources and for collaboration.
C Liferay was originally created for an American church in 2000. . One of its strengths is the simplicity of personalisation by the end user. Liferay also offers more than 60 portlets including a full range of collaborative and social tools (blogs, forums,
OSS wikis, tasks centre, notifications, resource reservations, etc.), and intuitive management of
- communities of practice and of the hierarchical organisation of the entity using it. In addition, Liferay is highly flexible in terms of rights management and the adaptability of the graphical appearance of pages, and it also provides a powerful staging solution. Liferay is an excellent corporate portal solution, allowing for the standardised integration of any existing
application. SMILE . Liferay is distributed under a double licensing model. Its open source edition (Liferay Portal Community Edition) is available under the LGPL. Liferay is written in Java and complies with standards JSR 168, JSR 286 and JSR 170.
WWW
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Other In the world of portals, open source supply is particularly strong. By way of example, over and above the products presented above, the following tools can also be added:
Name URL / Website
OM JBoss / GateIn http://www.jboss.org/gatein
C . Apache Pluto http://portals.apache.org/pluto
Sakai http://sakaiproject.org
OSS - Jetspeed-2 http://portals.apache.org/jetspeed-2
Lutece http://lutece.paris.fr
SMILE .
WWW
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CORPORATE SOCIAL NETWORKS (CSNS)
The success of social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc., speaks for itself
OM (more than 400 million users are registered on
C Facebook to date). This shows the interest people . have in connecting to one another, meeting new people, communicating and working together.
OSS CSNs (corporate social networks) were born of the - realisation that companies could also use this type of resource to generate value. This is how social networks are used by companies: to create wealth. The use of social networks is now an
SMILE established fact and as a result companies are . encouraging their staff to use them to communicate. In response to this need, more and more quality open source solutions have appeared on the market, the likes of Drupal Commons, Elgg and Liferay Social
WWW Office.
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BuddyPress Version studied: 1.2.9 Website: http://buddypress.org
Community driven solution
BuddyPress was designed in 2008 by Andy Peatling while he was working on adding
OM networking functionalities to the famous WordPress blog engine. The first official version (v1),
C released in May 2009, has enjoyed increasing use ever since. . BuddyPress is delivered standard with a number of functionalities which are very easy to activate, such as activities feeds, profiles, groups, friends management, messaging, blogs,
OSS forums, etc. BuddyPress enjoys an active community. A roadmap is available on the
- community website. The next version (v1.3) will consolidate the existing structure and functionalities (install interface, improvement of profile attributes, WordPress 3.0 support, etc.).
BuddyPress is published under the GNU GPL v2. SMILE
. BuddyPress has the special feature of being built on the Wordpress tool. It therefore has a similar architecture, using PHP, Apache and MySQL.
WWW
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Drupal Commons Version studied: 2.0 Website: www.acquia.com
Vendor driven solution (Acquia)
Drupal Commons is a Drupal oriented social networks distribution published by Acquia (a
OM services company founded by Drupal’s creator) in 2010. Drupal was designed in the 2000s by
C Dries Buytaert and has enjoyed worldwide success since then. . The scope of the community portals that can be created using Drupal depends on the available modules (more than 10,000 – although not all of them concern CSNs). Some
OSS relevant examples include Homebox (for personalised pages), Invite Friends (friend
- management), Content Profile (profile data management), FriendList (list of friends), Organic Group (groups management), Privatemsg (private messaging), and more. The Drupal Commons distribution has a broad native scope capable of rapidly implementing a real social network.
SMILE Drupal is published under the GNU GPL and is 100% open source. A support option is . available from Acquia. In fact, it was the full package configuration, Drupal Commons, which we examined here. From a technical point of view, Drupal is built on LAMP technologies (particularly PHP and
MySQL). The latest version, v7, will offer greater stability and a broader functional scope. WWW
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Elgg Version studied: 1.8.0.1 Website: www.elgg.com
Vendor driven solution (Curverider Ltd)
Elgg is one of the most well-known and most successful open source social networking
OM solutions. It was created in 2004 by Dave Tosh and Ben Werdmuller, who subsequently went
C on to create Curverider Limited in order to maintain and enhance the product. . Elgg offers most of the functionalities expected of a social networking project. Its modular design provides for its expandability, and it has a very active community that produces a large
OSS number of interesting plug-ins (www.elgg.org). These include profile management (with the
- possibility of attribute definition), activities feeds, blogging and microblogging, groups management (with restricted access spaces), rights management, a complete API, etc. Elgg is published under the GPL v2. On the support side, publisher Curverider offers a number
of services such as bug fixes and hosting. SMILE
. Elgg is written in PHP and runs on LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP) technologies. Its architecture is plug-in enabled, making it possible to easily and rapidly extend product functionalities (more than 900 plug-ins).
WWW
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Liferay Social Office Version studied: Liferay SO 1.5.B (Beta) / Liferay P 6.0 Website: www.liferay.com
Vendor driven solution (Liferay)
Liferay Social Office is a product of Liferay, which already has the Liferay portal to its name.
OM Social Office is its corporate social cooperation solution. The Liferay portal was launched by
C Brian Chan in the early 2000s. At the end of 2008, Liferay launched a variation on its portal . with specific packaging for cooperative work: Liferay Social Office. Its functions are very business orientated: profiles/members, document management,
OSS calendar, events, groups, chat function, wiki, etc. It includes a number of project
- functionalities and very few conversational components. However, the embedded Liferay chat function is of high quality. The Community edition of Social Office (current version 1.5 is in beta) is distributed under the
Affero GPL. A corporate version also exists, which includes vendor support. SMILE
. On the technology side, Social Office uses the Liferay portal, in other words JEE architecture. It supports around a dozen databases and application servers.
WWW
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Other In the world of corporate social networks, open source supply is particularly strong. By way of example, over and above the products presented above, the following tools can also be
added:
OM Name URL / Website C
. eZ Teamroom http://www.ez.no
eXo Social http://www.exoplatform.com OSS
- LovdbyLess http://lovdbyless.com
Mahara http://mahara.org
NoseRub http://www.noserub.com SMILE
. Pligg http://pligg.com
Spree http://project.askspree.de
WWW
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BLOGS, WIKIS AND FORUMS
Blogs, wikis and forums have ceased to truly be “presented” as such, now that have become such a
OM firmly integrated part of corporate life. It is said that
C they are a component of Web 2.0 in their own right. . A blog is a type of website comprising posts, i.e. notes that are accumulated over time and displayed in
OSS chronological order. - A wiki can also be defined as a type of website, although its unique feature is its openness to others: wiki pages are usually modifiable by visitors, in the
interest of collaborative contributions. SMILE
. A forum is (typically) a public discussion area in which exchanges are arranged by subject. In this category, we will present the best open source solutions available today: Dotclear, phpBB, XWiki, etc.
WWW Given the diversity of the tools selected for this category, the graphs below do not display the average scores.
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Dotclear Version studied: 2.3.1 Website: http://dotclear.org
Community driven solution
Dotclear is an open source web publishing solution created in 2002 by Olivier Meunier.
OM Dotclear’s software was designed first and foremost for its users, who regularly contribute to
C its development. In June 2009, Xavier Plantefève took over the project. . Dotclear’s functional depth makes it a high quality publishing tool, equal and in some cases far superior to other tools of the same type. Over and above its functionalities, Dotclear was
OSS designed for maximum user comfort, with its two step automated installation. In addition,
- many themes and plug-ins are available for easy personalisation. It generates pages with a structure that optimises their natural referencing. Dotclear is distributed under the GPL v2.
It is developed in PHP and supports PostgreSQL (8.0 and above), MySQL (at least 4.1 with SMILE
. InnoDB) and SQLite databases.
WWW
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phpBB Version studied: 3.0.9 Website: www.phpbb.com
Community driven solution
phpBB is a tool in the forums family. In addition to the usual functions, phpBB can be used to
OM create surveys, adverts and post-its, with the latter two locked at the top of the page for
C enhanced visibility. . Emoticons are used to make the content more visible. phpBB also handles an optional email system that can send notifications whenever a reply is posted on a subject (or subjects)
OSS tracked by the user. Where cookies are enabled, new messages (i.e. those posted since the
- last time the page was viewed) can quickly be accessed. Going a step further, a private messaging system between users eliminates the need to publish personal email addresses. BBCode (similar to HTML code) can be used in these messages for an enhanced layout. Graphically, there is complete support for different visual themes: the graphics segment is
completely separate from the software itself, and so can be personalised at will. SMILE . phpBB is distributed under the GPL v2. It is built on LAMP architecture and is written in PHP.
WWW
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TWiki Version studied: 5.1.0 Website: http://twiki.org
Vendor driven solution (TWiki)
TWiki is programmed in Perl. The software uses the principle of a wiki to provide a
OM collaborative work platform. C
. It can be used as a development area, a document administration system or a personal administration system. Developers can expand TWiki’s content and functionalities by means of a variety of extensions.
OSS TWiki is distributed under the GPL v2. - It is a cgi-bin script written in Perl. The information contained in TWiki is stored in text files and converted to HTML on the fly.
SMILE
. WWW
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XWiki Version studied: 3.1 Website: www.xwiki.org
Vendor driven solution (XWiki SAS)
XWiki was created by Ludovic Dubost in 2004. It is now primarily supported by the company
OM XWiki SAS. C
. A second generation wiki application, XWiki is used for work collaboration, information sharing and online content publication (structured or unstructured). In additional to standard wiki functionalities (simplified layout, access rights management, collaborative publishing,
OSS etc.), it offers the option of performing programming directly on the wiki’s pages. It is this
- possibility that makes it a wiki application, i.e. its adaptability to user needs. XWiki is distributed under the LGPL. It is developed in Java using a Hibernate database. The programming languages used within
the wiki itself are Velocity and Groovy. It includes a number of APIs and a system of plug-ins SMILE
. and portlets.
WWW
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Wordpress Version studied: 3.3.1 Website: http://wordpress.org
Community driven solution
Wordpress was created in 2003, through a fork from a tool called "B2". Wordpress was the
OM work of Matt Mullenweg, for the greater part, and has enjoyed a growing success through the
C years. It is now supported by a very large community. . Wordpress is a very comprehensive and feature-rich blog tool, that can also be used for building web sites. It is among the most sophisticated blog tools. The product roadmap is very
OSS active, with new versions comming out every six months or so. Version 3, that was released in
- june 2010, was the merger of Wordpress and Wordpress MU, offering native multi-blog management. Wordpress is released under a GPL licence.
It is developped in PHP, on a MySQL database. It features many APIs and a sophisticated SMILE
. plugin mechanism, with thousands of available extensions.
WWW
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OM
C
.
OSS
-
SMILE
. WWW
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Other In the world of blogs, wikis and forums, open source supply is particularly dynamic. By way of example, over and above the products presented above, the following tools can also be
added:
OM Name URL / Website C
. DokuWiki http://www.dokuwiki.org/dokuwiki
FSB http://www.fire-soft-board.com OSS
- MediaWiki http://www.mediawiki.org
PunBB http://punbb.informer.com
SMF http://www.simplemachines.org SMILE
.
WWW
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Page 258
E-LEARNING
E-learning, also referred to as “online training”, consists in educational activities that occur via
OM electronic solutions, particularly web based ones. C
. E-learning solutions are used to create and distribute classes and various teaching materials to students, test their knowledge, and foster learning communities
OSS using collaborative tools. - The main functionalities of e-learning tools include management of teachers, students and classes, creation of educational resource types, SCORM compatibility, questionnaires, collaborative tools
SMILE (wikis, forums and blogs), timetables, student . supervision and more. Among the available open source solutions, Moodle and Claroline enjoy an excellent reputation.
WWW
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Moodle Version studied: 2.1 Website: http://moodle.org
Community driven solution
Created in 2002 by Australian Martin Dougiamas (who had previously worked on the
OM proprietary solution WebTC), Moodle is the mostly widely used online learning platform in
C the world. . It can create and distribute classes and various teaching materials to students, test their knowledge, and foster learning communities using collaborative tools. Its modular approach
OSS responds to needs ranging from those of individual trainers to major institutions. Its main
- functionalities include management of teachers, students and classes, creation of nine types of educational resources, SCORM compatibility, questionnaires, collaborative tools (wikis, forums and blogs), timetables and student supervision. Moodle is supported by active communities of practice that contribute to its development. It
SMILE is distributed under the GPL. Authorised service companies offer various services such as . hosting, module creation, etc. Moodle is a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP) application. It also runs on UNIX, Linux, FreeBSD, Windows, Mac OS X, NetWare, and more, with PostgreSQL, Oracle and Microsoft
SQL Server databases. WWW
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Claroline Version studied: 1.10.5 Website: www.claroline.net
Consortium driven solution
Created in 2000 at the Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Claroline is the second most
OM commonly used online learning application in Europe. It is easy to use, owing in part to its
C lesser functional depth in comparison to Moodle. It should be noted that it gave rise to the . Dokeos fork (now under corporate management), which in turn gave rise to the promising fork of Dokeos 1.8.6, Chamilo.
OSS Its main functionalities include management of teachers, students and classes, creation of
- exercises and classes, SCORM and IMS QTI 2 compatibility, questionnaires, collaborative tools (wikis and forums), timetables and statistics on attendance and on students’ marks on different exercises. Distributed under the GPL, Claroline’s development currently enjoys the support of the
SMILE Walloon Region and of three other Belgian partners. The consortium, created in 2007 in the . form of an international not-for-profit association, unites the Claroline community, coordinates the platform’s developments and promotes its use. Claroline is written in PHP and runs on Linux, Mac OS and Microsoft Windows. It uses MySQL
databases. WWW
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Other Among the different products available in the field of e-learning, the following tools can also be added to the list:
Name URL / Website
OM Dokeos http://www.dokeos.com
C . Chamilo http://www.chamilo.org
Ilias http://www.ilias.de
OSS -
SMILE
. WWW
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VISITOR TRACKING
There are two categories of tools that are external to applications (in the broadest sense of the term) and
OM that are used to generate visitor statistics: log
C analysers, which work based on HTTP server log files, . and remote applications that collect their data using special tags inserted on the pages.
OSS In the world of open source solutions, tools like - AWStats (log analyser) and Piwik (tag analysis) are
commonly used.
SMILE
. WWW
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AWStats Version studied: 7.0 Website: http://awstats.sourceforge.net
Community driven solution
AWStats is an audience tracking tool based on analyses of web logs. It was written a number
OM of years ago by Laurent Destailleur. C
. AWStats provides a wide range of statistics, graphs and reports generated from its analysis of web logs (as well as FTP, streaming and email). It can natively read the log files of most web servers such as Apache, WebStar, IIS, etc. Its functionalities include measurements of the
OSS number of visits, unique visitors, pages, hits, transfers, by domain/country, host, time,
- browser, OS, and so on. One of the strengths of AWStats lies in the possibility of dynamically generating tables without losing out on performance, thanks in particular to an efficient caching policy. It is very popular among systems and network administrators.
The AWStats open source software is available under the GPL. SMILE
. Written in Perl, AWStats can be installed and run on most systems. It is a highly mature supervision tool with packages on all Linux distributions.
WWW
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Piwik Version studied: 1.5.1 Website: http://piwik.org
Community driven solution
Piwik is the successor to phpMyVisites. The solution was recently released, under the
OM direction of Matthieu Aubry. Piwik’s objective is to become a preferred alternative to Google
C Analytics. . This is a tall order, but it must be said that its beginnings appear promising. In just a few clicks, users can access graphs of the most recent visits, visit durations, visitor browsers,
OSS visitor countries, a list of keywords used, a list of external sites, search engine rankings, a
- distribution of visits by time zone, objectives tracking, geographic distribution and more. The very young Piwik is already universally acclaimed; in fact, it received the award for the best SourceForge project for July 2010 – so we can only expect good times ahead for the solution.
Piwik is distributed under the GPL v3. SMILE
. It is built on LAMP architecture and boasts a system of plug-ins, an API and an interface that is very user-friendly thanks to the combined use of Ajax and Flash.
WWW
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OTHER
In this final category of the “Applications” dimension, we will present other open source tools that can be of
OM benefit to companies, although it was difficult to
C define a separate category for them. . In particular, we will be presenting OpenX (an ad server solution) and LimeSurvey (an advanced tool for
OSS the creation of professional surveys and polls). -
Given the diversity of the tools selected for this category, the graphs below do not display the average
scores.
SMILE
. WWW
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OpenX Version studied: 2.8.7 Site Internet de la solution : www.openx.com
Vendor driven solution (OpenX)
OpenX is an open source advertising brokerage solution. US based vendor OpenX publishes
OM and supports the tool. OpenX provides good control of advertising campaigns for one or more
C websites, along with data on campaign results. . OpenX enjoys a relatively vast functional scope, handling multiple sites and advertisers, schedule based banner displays (with start and end dates), rotating displays in a single zone,
OSS multiple formats (IAB and more), limits on the number of clicks or displays per day,
- management of priority campaigns, etc. OpenX supports a wide variety of media, such as images, HTML, JavaScript, Flash, Google Ad Sense, DoubleClick, Atlas and Yahoo!). Statistics can also be calculated by campaign, with tracking of displays, clicks and clicks by channel, reports exported in Excel, HTML or CSV format, etc.
SMILE OpenX is distributed under the GPL v2. . The application can handle hundred of millions of impressions per month. It runs on an Apache (or HTTPd) web server with PHP, MySQL and a PHP accelerator.
WWW
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LimeSurvey Version studied: 1.91 Website: www.limesurvey.org
Community driven solution
LimeSurvey (formerly PHPSurveyor) is an open source online survey solution. It was
OM registered on SourceForge.net on 20 February 2003 under the name of PHPSurveyor. It was
C written by an Australian developer named Jason Cleeland. . LimeSurvey is a complete open source tool dedicated to the creation of all sorts of questionnaires. The software can produce questionnaires with an unlimited number of
OSS categories and questions. 20 styles of questions are available when creating a questionnaire:
- dates, scales, dropdown lists, rankings, numerical input and more. LimeSurvey is used worldwide by a large number of private individuals, by major corporations, at universities and at government institutions. Its most noteworthy customer references include OpenOffice.org, Ubuntu and Gnome.
SMILE LimeSurvey is distributed under the GPL. . LimeSurvey is written in PHP, in combination with a MySQL, PostgreSQL or Microsoft SQL Server database.
WWW
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CONCLUSION
As can be seen throughout this paper, the range of open source solutions is particularly vast, with products of very high quality boasting some of the best technical and functional bases on the software market today. As a result, opting for open source is no longer so much a
OM question but rather a “no-brainer” for most companies. C
. All the studies have confirmed it: open source is everywhere in companies. In 2009, a Gartner study estimated that 85% of companies were using open source solutions, and this
percentage is undoubtedly even higher now in 2012. OSS
- Thus the question has ceased to be whether or not to use or short-list open source tools for a given project, and is instead how to select the best tools that will integrate most smoothly with the existing environment. For this reason, the definition of an open source policy can be
of benefit. SMILE
. A corporate open source policy is a document that sets out the company’s rules for the deployment of open source software: selection criteria, support requirements, approved licenses, developer instructions, acquisition and implementation processes, methods of contribution, and so on.
This is a major task, but a crucial one. WWW The advantages of using open source solutions are so extensive: longevity, freedom of choice, standards compliance, development dynamics, de facto standards and cost, to name but a few. Administrators and users are well aware that nothing is more reliable or effective than a Linux server when it comes to running a Java or PHP application server, for example, or operating a database. We hope that this paper will serve to guide you toward the best products and will help you to build secure, lasting and innovative architectures.
As a complement to this paper presenting the best open source solutions, we recommend that you read our other white paper on “Open source policies”, freely available for downloading. The document explains the benefits afforded to IT Departments by establishing an open source policy.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
A paper like this one cannot be written by a single person, given the wide range of competencies and knowledge required, and the need to cover tools as varied as VPNs and e- learning. We would like to take this opportunity to warmly thank all those who devoted their
OM time and effort to it. C
. Sébastien GIRAUD Hélène ZYSMAN
Benoît JACQUEMONT OSS
- Alain ARDITI Philippe BRIERE Maxime BESSON Patrice BERTRAND Sébastien MAULION Patrick KOUASSI Barthélémy Aurélien LEMAIRE Alexandre NION VESSEMONT SMILE Aurélien FOUCRET
. Philippe DE OLIVERIA Eric DRIER DE LA Marc MAURICE Frédéric DE GOMBERT FORGE Sylvain BANNIER Patrick NERDEN Guillaume MAISSA Jennifer LEROYER
WWW Thomas CHOPPY Eric PLAQUEVENT Jason YERGEAU Jean-François Allaedine EL BANNA BOSSARD Jérémy SUBTIL … Régis DAMONGEOT . Marc GIBERT Thibaut DEMARET Sylvain TACQUET Julien BAGARIE Badr CHENTOUF
And to our growing team at Smile, for the curiosity and commitment they show each day to open source solutions.
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INDEX OF SOLUTIONS
389 Directory Server, 95 Drupal, 214 JORAM, 176 ActiveMQ, 175 Drupal Commerce, 204 jPBM, 107
OM Activiti, 108 Drupal Commons, 238 jQuery, 136
C AIDE, 32 DSPAM, 78 Kamailio, 71 . Alfresco, 223 easyCA, 149 Kannel, 72
Ant, 110 Eclipse, 112 Keepalived, 30 OSS
- Apache, 172 EJBCA, 150 Knowledge Tree, 225 Asterisk, 70 Elgg, 239 Koha, 229 AWStats, 254 ERP5, 209 KVM, 66
Bacula, 23 ESIGate, 180 LemonLDAP::NG, 153 SMILE . BIND, 92 eXo Platform, 232 Liferay, 234 BIRT, 191 eZ Publish, 215 Liferay Social Office, 240 Bonita, 106 FreeBSD, 60 LimeSurvey, 258
BuddyPress, 237 FreeNx, 14 LinOTP, 155 WWW Cacti, 47 Git, 116 Linux-HA, 27 CAS, 152 GlassFish, 171 Lucene, 163 Cassandra, 103 GLPI, 18 LVS, 28 Centreon, 49 GWT, 135 Maarch, 226 ClamAV, 33 HAProxy, 29 Magento, 200 Claroline, 251 Hippo CMS, 216 MantisBT, 113 Compiere, 208 Horde, 80 Maven, 114 Continuum, 121 Jahia, 217 mnoGoSearch, 165 CUPS, 89 JasperReports / iReport, 192 MongoDB, 101 Cyrus IMAPd, 76 Jaspersoft, 196 Moodle, 250 Debian, 55 JBoss AS, 169 Mule, 128 Django, 139 Jenkins / Hudson, 122 Munin, 52 Dotclear, 243 JMeter, 159 MySQL, 99 Drools, 179 Joomla, 218 Nagios, 48
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NetBSD, 61 Pentaho Report Designer, 193 SpagoBI, 195 netfilter, 43 Petals, 129 SpamAssassin, 77 Novell SUSE Enterprise Linux, PF (Packet Filter), 42 SPIP, 219 57 pfSense, 44 Spring, 134 Nuxeo, 224 Phing, 111 Squid, 85 OCS Inventory NG, 19 PhoneGap, 144 Subversion, 115 OM OFBiz, 210
C phpBB, 244 SugarCRM, 184
. OpenAM, 154 Piwik, 255 Symfony, 132 Openbravo, 211 Play!, 138 Talend, 188
OSS OpenBSD, 59
PMB, 230 Talend ESB, 127 - OpenCA, 147 PMD, 124 TightVNC, 15 OpenCRX, 183 Postfix, 75 Titanium, 143 OpenEMM, 82 PostgreSQL, 100 Tomcat, 170
SMILE OpenERP, 212 . PrestaShop, 201 Tsung, 160 OpenLDAP, 96 ProFTPD, 91 Tuleap, 118 OpenNMS, 51 Prototype, 137 TWiki, 245 OpenSearchServer, 166 Pulse 2, 20 TYPO3, 220
WWW OpenSSH, 16 Puppet, 24 Ubuntu, 58 OpenSSL, 148 RBS Change, 203 Varnish, 86 Openswan, 40 Red Hat Enterprise Linux, 56 VTiger, 185 OpenVAS, 35 Redis, 102 Wireshark, 36 OpenVPN, 39 Redmine, 117 Wordpress, 247 OpenVZ, 65 Rhodes, 145 Xen, 64 OpenX, 257 Ruby on Rails, 140 XWiki, 246 Oracle VirtualBox, 67 Samba, 90 Zabbix, 50 osCommerce, 205 Selenium IDE, 123 Zarafa, 81 OXID, 202 Shibboleth, 156 Zend Framework, 133 Palo, 198 Silverpeas, 233 Zimbra, 79 Pentaho, 197 Snort, 34 Pentaho Data Integration, 189 Solr, 164
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