DOCSLIB.ORG

Kashmir, by Sir Francis Edward Younghusband, 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kashmir, by Sir Francis Edward Younghusband, 1 Kashmir, by Sir Francis Edward Younghusband, 1 Kashmir, by Sir Francis Edward Younghusband, The Project Gutenberg eBook, Kashmir, by Sir Francis Edward Younghusband, Illustrated by E. Molyneux This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Kashmir Author: Sir Francis Edward Younghusband Release Date: May 7, 2012 [eBook #39642] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KASHMIR*** E-text prepared by Melissa McDaniel and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 39642-h.htm or 39642-h.zip: (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/39642/39642-h/39642-h.htm) or (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/39642/39642-h.zip) Transcriber's note: Kashmir, by Sir Francis Edward Younghusband, 2 Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (italics). KASHMIR * * * * * UNIFORM WITH THIS VOLUME BURMA BY R. TALBOT KELLY, R.B.A., F.R.G.S. Containing 75 Full-page Illustrations in colour facsimile. INDIA BY MORTIMER MENPES TEXT BY FLORA ANNIE STEEL Containing 75 Full-page Illustrations in colour facsimile. A. AND C. BLACK, SOHO SQUARE, LONDON, W. AGENTS AMERICA THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64 & 66 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AUSTRALASIA THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 205 FLINDERS LANE, MELBOURNE CANADA THE MACMILLAN COMPANY OF CANADA, LTD. ST. MARTIN'S HOUSE, 70 BOND STREET, TORONTO INDIA MACMILLAN & COMPANY, LTD. MACMILLAN BUILDING, BOMBAY 309 BOW BAZAAR STREET, CALCUTTA GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, } BROCKHAUS AND PEHRSSON RUSSIA, } 16 QUERSTRASSE, LEIPZIG SCANDINAVIA, AND } GERMAN SWITZERLAND } * * * * * [Illustration: WILD RHODODENDRONS] KASHMIR Described by SIR FRANCIS YOUNGHUSBAND, K.C.I.E. Painted by Major E. Molyneux, D.S.O. London Adam and Charles Black 1911 First published September 1909 Reprinted August 1911 TO HIS HIGHNESS MAJOR-GENERAL MAHARAJA SIR PRATAP SINGH G.C.S.I. MAHARAJA OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR Kashmir, by Sir Francis Edward Younghusband, 3 THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED IN RECOGNITION OF MUCH HOSPITALITY AND IN TOKEN OF A FRIENDSHIP OF MANY YEARS PREFACE When Major Molyneux asked me to combine with him in the production of a book on Kashmir I could not resist the temptation to describe what he had so faithfully depicted, though my official duties naturally leave me insufficient time to do real justice to the theme. I have not been able to write with the completeness that I should have wished; and I am aware of many sins of omission. I can only hope that when the description fails the reader will be fortunate to have his attention irresistibly diverted to one or other of my collaborator's beautiful pictures. THE RESIDENCY, SRINAGAR, September 1908. CONTENTS CHAPTER I 4 CHAPTER I SCENERY AND SEASONS Bernier's impression of Kashmir in 1665--Comparison of Kashmir and Switzerland--The road in--First signs of spring--Srinagar in March--A start for Shikar--Shikaris--Forest-clad hill-sides--Signs of stag--View over the valley--Rosy mountains--Unrealised beauties--A duck-shoot--The view from Hokrar--Harwan in spring--Varying beauties of Kashmir--Harwan in May--Clouds on the mountains--A Kashmir village--Irises and roses--Trout-culture--A trout stream--Srinagar in April--The view from Gupkar--A spring scene--Unusual rain--The Nishat Bagh--Pandrathan--Srinagar in summer--The valley in September--The end of the monsoon--The gorgeous autumn--A Hokrar duck-shoot--The valley in winter--Shikaris--Shooting in winter 1 CHAPTER II 5 CHAPTER II TRAVEL IN KASHMIR Travel in old times--My first entrance--My old retainer--Present modes of travel--Stages from the railway--Srinagar house-boats--Srinagar shops--Expeditions from Srinagar--The descent from the Tragbal 47 CHAPTER III 6 CHAPTER III SRINAGAR AND NEIGHBOURHOOD An old capital--The Maharaja's arrival--Procession through the city--The European quarter--The Jama Masjid--Shah Hamadan--Dr. Neve's Hospital--The Takht-i-Suliman--Pandrathan--The Dal Lake--The Nasim Bagh--The Shalimar Bagh--The Nishat Bagh--Parihasapura 63 CHAPTER IV 7 CHAPTER IV THE RESIDENCY GARDEN The first week in March--Fruit trees in bloom--Kashmir tulips--Golden orioles--Roses in May--Strawberries--Burbank's Delphiniums--The height of summer--The garden in autumn--Autumnal colours 87 CHAPTER V 8 CHAPTER V GULMARG The "Meadow of Flowers"--Its numerous attractions--Views over the valley--Flowers--Nanga Parbat 98 CHAPTER VI 9 CHAPTER VI THE VALLEYS AND PLACES OF INTEREST The Sind Valley--Gangabal Lake--The Lolab--The Lidar Valley--Martand--Achibal 108 CHAPTER VII 10 CHAPTER VII SPORT Game Preservation--The year's bag--Duck-shooting--Fishing 118 CHAPTER VIII 11 CHAPTER VIII THE PEOPLE Kashmir beauties--The Pundits--Mohamedans--The Quadiani sect--Kashmiri villagers--Boatmen 125 CHAPTER IX 12 CHAPTER IX THE HISTORY OF KASHMIR Possible effect of natural beauty--Ancient ruins--Martand--Greek influence--Buddhist influence--Kanishka--Lalitaditya--Avantivarman--Short reigns--Internal struggles--Perpetual intrigue--Advent of Mohamedans--Zain-ul-ab-ul-din--Akbar--The Moghals--Afghan oppressors--Sikhs--Rise of Gulab Singh--Break-up of Sikhs--Gulab Singh and the British--Treaty of 1846--Gulab Singh acquires Kashmir--Its deplorable state--Ranbir Singh--Country still depressed--Famine of 1877--Improvements during present reign 133 CHAPTER X 13 CHAPTER X ADMINISTRATION System of rule--Personal--Sources of revenue--Land revenue assessment 183 CHAPTER XI 14 CHAPTER XI PRODUCTS AND MANUFACTURES Wool--Silk--Fruit--Rice--Other grains--Experimental farm--Soil--Implements--Forests--Mineral products--Shawls--Carpets--Silk--Papier-mâché--Puttoo-- Boat-building--Trade 194 CHAPTER XII 15 CHAPTER XII THE ELECTRICAL SCHEME Water-power turned to electric power--The Jhelum River harnessed--The flume--The power-house--Difficulties encountered--The dredging scheme 222 CHAPTER XIII 16 CHAPTER XIII THE PEAKS AND MOUNTAIN RANGES The Peak K2--Errors in observation--Nanga Parbat--Rocks of great peaks--The Himalayan range 234 CHAPTER XIV 17 CHAPTER XIV THE STORY OF THE MOUNTAINS Interest of study--Kashmir under the sea--100,000,000 years ago--Kashmir an archipelago--Finally upheaved--Cause of upheaval--History of life--At first no land life--Ferns--The Coal Measures--Great reptiles--Mammals--Kashmir valley a lake--Appearance of man--Reflections on the story--Need to look forward--Creating higher man 251 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS BY MAJOR E. MOLYNEUX, D.S.O. PAGE 1. Wild Rhododendrons Frontispiece 2. Approach to Srinagar 2 3. The Land of Roses 4 4. Mouth of the Sind Valley 6 5. Sunset on the Wular Lake 8 6. Dawn in the Nulla 10 7. Kotwal from the Forest above Kangan, Sind Valley 12 8. Above the Camping-Ground, Sonamarg, Sind Valley 14 9. The Kajnag from Sopur, Early Spring 16 10. Kotwal from near the Dal Darwaza 18 11. The Lull before the Storm, Dal Lake 20 12. Above Lidarwat, Lidar Valley 22 13. Sunset on the Jhelum, above Srinagar 24 14. Spring in Kashmir 26 15. On the Dal Lake in Spring 28 16. Entrance to the Mar Canal 32 17. The Temple, Chenar Bagh 34 18. Ruins of Lalla Rookh's Gardens, Lake Manasbal 36 19. A Ladaki in Summer Costume 52 CHAPTER XIV 18 20. The Valley of Gurais 62 21. Market Boats on the Mar Canal, Srinagar 64 22. Above the Fifth Bridge, Srinagar 66 23. Shawl Merchants' Shops, Third Bridge, Srinagar 68 24. Mosque of Shah Hamadan, Srinagar 70 25. A Hindu Temple, Srinagar 72 26. In the Mar Canal, Srinagar 74 27. Guggribal Pointe on the Dal Lake 76 28. Lotus Lilies on the Dal Lake 78 29. Shalimar Gardens 80 30. The Nishat Bagh 82 31. A Terrace of the Nishat Bagh 84 32. The Residency and Club, Srinagar 88 33. The Takht-i-Suliman, from the Residency Garden 94 34. On the Circular Road, Gulmarg 100 35. In the Forest 102 36. From the Circular Road, Gulmarg 104 37. Gorge of the Sind Valley at Guggangir 108 38. The Frozen Lake, Gangabal 110 39. Early Morning near Pahlgam, Lidar Valley 112 40. The Ruins of Martand 114 41. A Srinagar Bazaar 116 42. A Corner of the Village of Pahlgam, Lidar Valley 128 43. A Mountain Farm-House 130 44. A Boatman and his Family 132 45. Ruins of Temples, Wangat, Sind Valley 134 CHAPTER XIV 19 46. Ruined Gateway of Martand 136 47. Ruined Temples of Avantipur 138 48. Gate of the Outer Wall, Hari Parbat Fort, Srinagar 156 49. At the River's Edge, Srinagar 160 50. Lalla Rookh's Tomb, Hassan Abdal 162 51. Bridge of Burbur Shah, Chenar Bagh, Srinagar 164 52. Spring Floods in the Kutical Canal, Srinagar 166 53. Looking down the Gurais Valley, from Dudhgai Village 168 54. Akbar's Bridge, Karallayar 174 55. The Camping-Ground at Lidarwat 198 56. A Wayside Shrine 202 57. Evening on the Dal Lake 210 58. Mount Haramokh, from the Erin Nullah 238 59. A Mountain Glen, before the Melting of the Snows 240 60. Lake Shisha Nag, Lidar Valley 244 61. Distant View of Nanga Parbat, from the Kamri Pass 246 62. Mount Kolahoi, Lidar Valley 248 63. Rampur, Jhelum Valley Road 252 64. In the Sind Valley 254 65. Lake Shisha Nag at Sunset 258 66. The Tannin Glen, Lidar Valley 260 67. Going to the Wedding, Upper Indus Valley 262 68. Mountain Mists 264 69. Near the Kolahoi Glacier, Lidar Valley 266 70. Lake Sinsa Nag, Lidar Valley 270 Sketch Map of Kashmir at end of Volume. CHAPTER XIV 20 KASHMIR CHAPTER I 21 CHAPTER I SCENERY AND SEASONS Bernier, the first European to enter Kashmir, writing in 1665, says: "In truth, the kingdom surpasses in beauty all that my warmest imagination had anticipated." This impression is not universally felt, for one of the very latest writers on Kashmir speaks of it as overrated, and calls the contour of the mountains commonplace and comparable to a second-rate Tyrolean valley.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • General Information Name MOHD SULTAN BHAT Correspondence Address Department of Geography, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-19000
    CV General Information Name MOHD SULTAN BHAT Department of Geography, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, Correspondence Address Jammu & Kashmir, India Mobile: 9906577391, 7006837122 Phone No. Landline: + 911943560615 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Present Position: Professor, Department of Geography, University of Kashmir, Srinagar Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=yHBbV9EAAAAJ&hl=en ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2198-5940 Details of Experience S Post Held Organization Nature of duties Experience (In Years No. & Months) i. Dean, School of Earth & University of Academic 3 Years Environmental Sciences, University Kashmir Administration of Kashmir, Srinagar ii. Head, Department of Geography, University of Academic 10 Years& 04 Months University of Kashmir Kashmir Administration iii. Coordinator, Special Assistance University of Research & 2 Years& 9 Months Programme, (SAP), UGC, Kashmir Development Programme, Department of Geography, University of Kashmir iv. Assistant Director, Directorate of University of Preparation of 3 Years Quality Assurance (DIQA), University Kashmir Reports for NAAC of Kashmir Assessment v. Associate Professor Department Teaching & 7 Years of Research 1 Geography, University of Kashmir vi. Assistant Professor Department Teaching & 13 Years of Research Geography , University of Kashmir Educational Qualification S. No. Qualification University Year i. Ph. D University of Kashmir 1995 ii. M. Phil University of Kashmir 1989 iii. Post-Graduation University of Kashmir 1986 Administrative Experience/Post(s) &Responsibilities held S Post Organization/ Duration No. University From To (Date) (Date) i. Head of the Department of Geography , University of 01.07.20006 04-02-2014 Department Kashmir & 05-02-2017 09-09-2019 ii. Chairman, Chairman Board of Postgraduate 01.07.20006 04-02-2014 Board of Studies, Department of Geography, & Studies University of Kashmir 05-02-2017 09-09-2019 iii.
    [Show full text]
  • B.A. 6Th Semester Unit IV Geography of Jammu and Kashmir
    B.A. 6th Semester Unit IV Geography of Jammu and Kashmir Introduction The state of Jammu and Kashmir constitutes northern most extremity of India and is situated between 32o 17′ to 36o 58′ north latitude and 37o 26′ to 80o 30′ east longitude. It falls in the great northwestern complex of the Himalayan Ranges with marked relief variation, snow- capped summits, antecedent drainage, complex geological structure and rich temperate flora and fauna. The state is 640 km in length from north to south and 480 km from east to west. It consists of the territories of Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh and Gilgit and is divided among three Asian sovereign states of India, Pakistan and China. The total area of the State is 222,236 km2 comprising 6.93 per cent of the total area of the Indian territory including 78,114 km2 under the occupation of Pakistan and 42,685 km2 under China. The cultural landscape of the state represents a zone of convergence and diffusion of mainly three religio-cultural realms namely Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists. The population of Hindus is predominant in Jammu division, Muslims are in majority in Kashmir division while Buddhists are in majority in Ladakh division. Jammu is the winter capital while Srinagar is the summer capital of the state for a period of six months each. The state constitutes 6.76 percent share of India's total geographical area and 41.83 per cent share of Indian Himalayan Region (Nandy, et al. 2001). It ranks 6th in area and 17th in population among states and union territories of India while it is the most populated state of Indian Himalayan Region constituting 25.33 per cent of its total population.
    [Show full text]
  • Claiming Territory: Colonial State Space and the Making of British India’S North-West Frontier
    CLAIMING TERRITORY: COLONIAL STATE SPACE AND THE MAKING OF BRITISH INDIA’S NORTH-WEST FRONTIER A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Jason G. Cons January 2005 © 2005 Jason G. Cons ABSTRACT In this thesis, I examine the discursive construction of colonial state space in the context of British India’s turn of the century North-West Frontier. My central argument is that notions of a uniform state space posited in official theorizations of the frontier need to be reexamined not as evidence of a particular kind of rule, but rather as a claim to having accomplished it. Drawing on new colonial historiographies that suggest ways of reading archives and archival documents for their silences and on historical sociological understandings of state-formation, I offer close readings of three different kinds of documents: writing about the North-West Frontier by members of the colonial administration, annual general reports of the Survey of India, and narratives written by colonial frontier officers detailing their time and experience of “making” the frontier. I begin by looking at the writings of George Nathanial Curzon and others attempting to theorize the concept of frontiers in turn of the century political discourse. Framed against the backdrop of the “Great Game” for empire with Russia and the progressive territorial consolidation of colonial frontiers into borders in the late 19th century, these arguments constitute what I call a “colonial theory of frontiers.” This theory simultaneously naturalizes colonial space and presents borders as the inevitable result of colonial expansion.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Lakes and Waterbodies of J&K State Using Remote Sensing
    DIRECTORY OF LAKES AND WATERBODIES OF J&K STATE Using Remote Sensing & GIS Technology Dr.Hanifa Nasim Dr.Tasneem Keng DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND REMOTE SENSING SDA COLONY BEMINA SRINAGAR / PARYAWARAN BHAWAN, FOREST COMPLEX, JAMMU Email: [email protected]. DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET Title of the project DIRECTORY OF LAKES AND WATERBODIES OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR Funding Agency GOVERNMENT OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR. Originating Unit Department of Environment and Remote Sensing, J&K Govt. Project Co-ordinator Director Department of Environment and Remote Sensing,J&K Govt. Principal Investigator Dr. Hanifa Nasim Jr. Scientist Department of Environment and Remote Sensing, J&K Govt. Co-Investigator Dr. Tasneem Keng Scientific Asst. Department of Environment and Remote Sensing, J&K Govt. Document Type Restricted Project Team Mudasir Ashraf Dar. Maheen Khan. Aijaz Misger. Ikhlaq Ahmad. Documentation Mudasir Ashraf. Acknowledgement Lakes and Water bodies are one of the most important natural resources of our State. Apart from being most valuable natural habitat for number of flora and fauna, these lakes and Water bodies are the life line for number of communities of our state. No systematic scientific study for monitoring and planning of these lakes and water bodies was carried out and more than 90%of our lakes and water bodies are till date neglected altogether. The department realized the need of creating the first hand information long back in 1998 and prepared the Directory of lakes and water bodies using Survey of India Topographical Maps on 1:50,000.With the advent of satellite technology the study of these lakes and water bodies has become easier and the task of creating of information pertaining to these lakes and water bodies using latest high resolution data along with Survey of India Topographical Maps and other secondary information available with limited field checks/ground truthing has been carried out to provide latest information regarding the status of these lakes and water bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • Inaugural British Narration
    ! ! ! The American University! in Cairo School of Global Affairs! and Public Policy ! ! ! Resurrecting Eden: Inaugural British Narration! and Policy of Iraq ! ! ! A Thesis Submitted to the Middle East! Studies Center ! in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (M.A.)! in Middle East Studies ! ! ! by Timothy! Kennett ! ! ! under the supervision !of Dr. Walid Kazziha ! ! ! May !2015 ! ! © Copyright by Timothy Kennett 2015 All rights reserved ! The American University! in Cairo School of Global Affairs !& Public Policy (GAPP) Resurrecting Eden: ! Inaugural British Narration and Policy of Iraq ! A Thesis Submitted! by Timothy !Kennett ! to the Middle East! Studies Center May, !2015 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for The degree of Master of Arts in Middle East! Studies ! has been approved! by Dr. Walid Kazziha ____________________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor !Affiliation __________________________________________Date ____________ Dr. Sherene Seikaly ___________________________________________________ Thesis first Reader !Affiliation __________________________________________Date ____________ Dr. Marco Pinfari _____________________________________________________ Thesis Second Reader !Affiliation __________________________________________Date ____________ Dr. Sandrine Gamblin _________________________________________________ Department Chair !Date ____________________ Nabil Fahmy, Ambassador _______________________________________________ Dean of GAPP Date ____________________
    [Show full text]
  • Calander 2021 New.Cdr
    2021 CALENDAR CREATING MAGIC FROM THE HILLS MAN WITH A VISION & I N N O VAT I O N THAT LED TO PERFECTION About the Hero of Our Lives ! About PrintForest Mr. Masood Ahmad Bodha , Director PrintForest Kashmir is a well known businessman PrintForest is a HaroonPress Enterprise and business innovator of Doru Shahabad. He was a Professional Photographer and started working with the expertise of more than his career as lone photographer in this area. He burned mid-night oil for his dream with two decades. Providing high quality utmost dedication and self belief. He started his work in 1975 with a business name “Prince printing services around the country. Photo Services” which was famous and was largely acclaimed photo studio in those times. Working with the Prestigous companies He came up with an innovation of Printing Technology time and again. He introduced many of India. A brand that has gained the state of the art printing technologies which is in itself a revolution in Printing Services. attention and is delivering the services In the Year 1992 he came with the vision of providing services to different areas of Kashmir. in and out. He left no stone unturned for the future generations tp get benefited from what he had been BinShahin Tech Services is a subsidiary doing from the last three decades. He expanded his business in the year 2002 with the name of Haroon Press Pvt. Ltd. engaged in Web “Haroon Press”. A business concern for quality printing services across the valley. From last 18 Development and Digital Marketing.
    [Show full text]
  • Detailed Species Accounts from The
    Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book Editors N. J. COLLAR (Editor-in-chief), A. V. ANDREEV, S. CHAN, M. J. CROSBY, S. SUBRAMANYA and J. A. TOBIAS Maps by RUDYANTO and M. J. CROSBY Principal compilers and data contributors ■ BANGLADESH P. Thompson ■ BHUTAN R. Pradhan; C. Inskipp, T. Inskipp ■ CAMBODIA Sun Hean; C. M. Poole ■ CHINA ■ MAINLAND CHINA Zheng Guangmei; Ding Changqing, Gao Wei, Gao Yuren, Li Fulai, Liu Naifa, Ma Zhijun, the late Tan Yaokuang, Wang Qishan, Xu Weishu, Yang Lan, Yu Zhiwei, Zhang Zhengwang. ■ HONG KONG Hong Kong Bird Watching Society (BirdLife Affiliate); H. F. Cheung; F. N. Y. Lock, C. K. W. Ma, Y. T. Yu. ■ TAIWAN Wild Bird Federation of Taiwan (BirdLife Partner); L. Liu Severinghaus; Chang Chin-lung, Chiang Ming-liang, Fang Woei-horng, Ho Yi-hsian, Hwang Kwang-yin, Lin Wei-yuan, Lin Wen-horn, Lo Hung-ren, Sha Chian-chung, Yau Cheng-teh. ■ INDIA Bombay Natural History Society (BirdLife Partner Designate) and Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History; L. Vijayan and V. S. Vijayan; S. Balachandran, R. Bhargava, P. C. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhupathy, A. Chaudhury, P. Gole, S. A. Hussain, R. Kaul, U. Lachungpa, R. Naroji, S. Pandey, A. Pittie, V. Prakash, A. Rahmani, P. Saikia, R. Sankaran, P. Singh, R. Sugathan, Zafar-ul Islam ■ INDONESIA BirdLife International Indonesia Country Programme; Ria Saryanthi; D. Agista, S. van Balen, Y. Cahyadin, R. F. A. Grimmett, F. R. Lambert, M. Poulsen, Rudyanto, I. Setiawan, C. Trainor ■ JAPAN Wild Bird Society of Japan (BirdLife Partner); Y. Fujimaki; Y. Kanai, H.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Europe Group and New Britain Movement (1931–1935)
    Pioneers of European Federalism: the New Europe Group and New Britain Movement (1931–1935) By: David Graham Page A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Arts and Humanities Department of History October 2016 ABSTRACT This thesis is the first in-depth study of the early 1930s Bloomsbury-based New Europe Group (NEG) and New Britain Movement (NBM), which constituted a politicised social movement led by Dimitrije Mitrinović. The Introduction situates the NEG/NBM as the British manifestation of the nouvelles relèves , the northwest European cluster of extra-parliamentary political groups that were neither plainly left-wing nor right-wing, but rather were infused with a spiritually based ideology influenced by the Personalist philosopher Emmanuel Mounier. Chapter 1 scrutinises the NEG/NBM as an antisystem challenger to the National Government, and analyses the movement’s ‘political perfectionist’ antisystemness in the context of the syncretic turn in British extra- parliamentary politics. Chapter 2 discusses the dynamics of the NEG/NBM, including its ‘prefigurative politics’ and Mitrinović’s use of ‘strategic ambiguity.’ Chapter 3 contextualises the European federalist thought of Mitrinović and other prominent figures in the NEG/NBM, and examines their understanding of the ‘European civil war’ and perception of the European and world ‘crisis.’ Chapter 4 begins with a comparative analysis of the proposals for European unity advanced by Richard Nikolaus von Coudenhove-Kalergi, Aristide Briand, and Mitrinović and the NEG/NBM. The chapter then details the lines of reasoning the NEG/NBM used to make a case for Eurofederalism, and explains the movement’s proposals for European governance and federal institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Karakorum Himalaya: Sourcebook for a Protected Area
    7 Karakorum Himalaya: Sourcebook for a Protected Area Nigel J. R. Allan 8 The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of IUCN. IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Pakistan 1 Bath Island Road, Karachi 75530 © 1995 by IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Pakistan All rights reserved ISBN 969-8141-13-8 Contents Preface v Introduction 1 1 HISTORY Natural Heritage 11 Geology 11 Glaciology 14 Associative Cultural Landscape 17 Local Ideas and Beliefs about Mountains 17 Culturally Specific Communication Networks 20 2 DESCRIPTION AND INVENTORY Physiography and Climate 23 Flora 24 Fauna 25 Juridical and Management Qualities 29 3 PHOTOGRAPHIC AND CARTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION Historial Photographs 33 Large Format Books 33 Landscape Paintings 33 Maps and Nomenclature 34 4 PUBLIC AWARENESS Records of Expeditions 37 World Literature and History 43 Tourism 52 Scientific and Census Reports 56 Guidebooks 66 International Conflict 66 5 RELATED BIBLIOGRAPHIC MATERIALS 69 Author Index 71 Place Index 81 iii iv4 5 Preface This sourcebook for a protected area has its origins in a lecture I gave at the Environment and Policy Institute of the East-West Center in Honolulu in 1987. The lecture was about my seasons of field work in the Karakorum Himalaya. Norton Ginsberg, the director of the Institute, alerted me to the fact that the Encyclopedia Britannica would be revising their entries on Asian mountains shortly and suggested that I update the Karakorum entry. The eventual publication of that entry under my name (Allan 1992), however, omitted most of the literature references I had accumulated. As my reference list continued to expand I decided to order them in some coherent fashion and publish them as a sourcebook to coincide with the IUCN workshop on mountain protected areas in Skardu in September 1994.
    [Show full text]
  • Panun Kashmir and Kashmir Sentinel Condole the Demise of the Following Members of the Community
    website: panunkashmir.in e-mail: [email protected] ASHMIR Let Truth Prevail KS entinel JKENG 00333/26/AL/TC/94 JK No: 1213/18 Regd. JK-219/2008 Vol. 13. No: 7 JULY 2008 Pages 20 Price Rs. 20/ INSIDE SASB Land Allotment Controversy EDITORIAL JAMMU OUTRAGED, UNPRECEDENTED BANDH True Vision of India.....Page 3 KS Correspondent PERSPECTIVE OUTRAGED over the revoca- What's the hullabaloo tion of the land allotment order about?..........................Page 6 in favour of Shri Amarnath Shrine Board and taking over the control of the Amarnathji OPINION Yatra, Jammu observed an un- Fundamentalists derail precedented eight day long pilgrims' progress in Bandh that witnessed massive Kashmir........................Page 7 demonstrations, violence and imposition of curfew by the ad- VIEW POINT ministration. Two protesters Kashmiriyat has revealed its were killed, hundreds injured true colours.................Page 7 and arrested during the bandh. The government SPECIAL REPORT decision was viewed as a meek Gen. Sinha dubs PDP as surrender to the separatists and fundamentalists and in- anti-national fringement on the religious *Yatris narrate horrible rights of the Hindus that only experiences.................Page 9 contributed to the separatists' agenda. Jammuites protesting against the revocationthe of land transfer order. WHAT THE EDITORS SAY Demonstrations *Who has won who has lost widespread: *Capitulation in J&K The resentment and anger unprecedented. ongoing struggle. Muslim Fed- gion. The police resorted to in Jammu was brewing up There were widespread dem- eration also extended its support. force and the unnerved admin- *Provocative Action...Page 10 once the controversy was onstrations and protests To keep the agitation objective istration imposed curfew in the generated by the separatist- throughout the Jammu region.
    [Show full text]
  • Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science
    ISSN (Online) : 2456-6632 Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science An International Journal Volume 1 | Issue 1 Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy www.aesacademy.org Scan to view it on the web Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science (An International Research Journal) (Abbreviation: Arch. Agr. Environ. Sci.) Aims & Objectives: The journal is an official publication of Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy. Its goal is to publish scientific research views in the field of Agriculture Sciences, and Environmental Sciences; and any other related field to promote speedy propagation of quality research information. Periodicity: Four issues in a year (March, June, September and December) Editor-in-Chief Dr. Vinod Kumar Department of Zoology and Environmental Science Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar (Uttarakhand), INDIA E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Associate Editors Dr. Sachin Srivastva, Dehradun, India Dr. Temin Payum, Pesighat, India Advisory Board Prof. Bharat Raj Subba, Biratnagar, Nepal Prof. Dr. Barbara Sawicka, Lublin Poland Prof. A.K. Chopra, Haridwar, India Prof. N.C. Gupta, Delhi, India Prof. Kavita Shah, Varanasi, India Prof. S.K. Singh, Varanasi, India Dr. T. Ramanathan, Parangipettai, India Er. Omkar Singh, Roorkee, India Editorial Board Dr. Adarsh Kumar Pandey, Malaysia Dr. M.F. Alam, Jazan, Saudi Arabia Dr. S.K. Paul, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Dr. Mritunjay K. Pandey, Kanpur, India Dr. Vineet V. Tyagi, Katra, Jammu, India Dr. Naveen Kumar Arora, Lucknow, India Dr. Kuldeep
    [Show full text]
  • The Education of Maharajah Kumar Sidkeon Namgyal
    BULLETIN OF TIBETOLOGY 27 'THA T HE MA Y TAKE DUE PRlDE IN THE EMPIRE TO WHICH HE BELONGS': THE EDUCATION OF MAHARAJAH KUMAR SlDKEON NAMGY AL TULKU OF SIKKIM ALEXMcKAy University College London In 1879, the first wife of the 9th Maharajah of Sikkim, Thutob Namgyal, gave birth to their second son, Sidkeon Namgyal, following the birth of a daughter in 1876 and their first son, Tsodag Namgyal, in 1878. The Maharani died in childbirth in 1880, I and the years that followed were difficult ones for the Maharajah, as the interests of Sikkim clashed with those of the British Indian empire. Following the conflict of 1888, a British Political Officer was appointed to oversee the administration of Sikkim. The officer selected, John Claude White (1853-1918), was a mean, petty and domineering individual who, during the following two decades in which he dominated the state of Sikkim, carried 011 a long vendetta against both the Maharajah and his son Tsodag Namgyal. John Claude White's successors in the Gangtok Residency included some of the outstanding frontier officers of the British empire, men such as Lieutenant-Colonel F.M. Bailey (1882- 1967) and Lieutenant-Colonel Sir W.F. O'Connor (1870-1943), as well as f()f\vard-thinking and culturally sensitive diplomats such as Sir Charles Bell (1870-1945) and Sir Basil Gould (1883-1956). White, however, who came from the Public Works Department rather than the usual military or ICS background required of Political Officers, was the worst type of colonial official, lacking the background, training, and character that produced his successors.
    [Show full text]