Discourse Studies
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Discourse Strategies of Fake News in the Anti
LCM LINGUE CULTURE MEDIAZIONI LANGUAGES CULTURES MEDIATION 6 (2019) 1 Discursive Representations of Controversial Issues in Medicine and Health La rappresentazione discorsiva di questioni controverse in ambito medico e sanitario Edited by / A cura di Giuliana Elena Garzone, Maria Cristina Paganoni, Martin Reisigl Editorial Discursive Representations of Controversial Issues in Medicine 5 and Health Giuliana Elena Garzone, Maria Cristina Paganoni, and Martin Reisigl Discourse Strategies of Fake News in the Anti-vax Campaign 15 Stefania Maria Maci “Facts” and “Feelings” in the Discursive Construction 45 of the “Best Interests of a Child”: The Charlie Gard Case Judith Turnbull “Designer Babies” and “Playing God”: Metaphor, Genome Editing, 65 and Bioethics in Popular Science Texts Elisa Mattiello Exploring Health Literacy: Web-based Genres in Disseminating 89 Specialized Knowledge to Caregivers. The Case of Paediatric Neurological Disorders Silvia Cavalieri and Giuliana Diani Governing (Their) Bodies: A Linguistic Perspective 107 on the Deterrence vs. Education Debate within the Anti-doping Community Dermot Brendan Heaney Lingue Culture Mediazioni / Languages Cultures Mediation – 6 (2019) 1 https://www.ledonline.it/LCM-Journal/ - Online issn 2421-0293 - Print issn 2284-1881 3 Contents / Sommario An Inquiry into Discursive News Coverage, Popularization 131 and Presuppositions Concerning Military PTSD Treatment Options Roxanne Barbara Doerr Authors / Autori 153 Lingue Culture Mediazioni / Languages Cultures Mediation – 6 (2019) 1 https://www.ledonline.it/LCM-Journal/ - Online issn 2421-0293 - Print issn 2284-1881 4 Discourse Strategies of Fake News in the Anti-vax Campaign * Stefania Maci doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.7358/lcm-2019-001-maci Abstract Anti-vaccine controversial debates have been occurring for more than a century. -
Professor Dr Dr H.C. Ruth Wodak, Acss Distinguished Professor of Discourse Studies
Professor Dr Dr h.c. Ruth Wodak, AcSS Distinguished Professor of Discourse Studies EXTENDED CURRICULUM VITAE BIO-DATA, CONTACT DETAILS, EDUCATION ............................................................................................ 2 CAREER .................................................................................................................................................... 3 VISITING PROFESSORSHIPS...................................................................................................................... 4 AWARDS .................................................................................................................................................. 5 MAJOR RESEARCH GRANTS ..................................................................................................................... 5 KEY RESEARCH INTERESTS ....................................................................................................................... 6 OTHER PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES .......................................................................................................... 7 JOURNAL EDITORSHIP ............................................................................................................................. 8 BOOK SERIES EDITORSHIP ....................................................................................................................... 9 MEMBERSHIP IN JOURNAL ADVISORY BOARDS ...................................................................................... 9 MEMBERSHIP IN BOOK -
1 Metaphor, Genre and Recontextualization Elena Semino
1 Metaphor, genre and recontextualization Elena Semino (Lancaster University), Alice Deignan (The University of Leeds) and Jeannette Littlemore (The University of Birmingham) ABSTRACT Earlier studies have demonstrated the dynamic properties of metaphor by showing how the meanings and functions of metaphorical expressions can flexibly change and develop within individual texts or discourse events (Cameron 2011). In this paper, we draw from Linell’s (2009) typology of ‘recontextualization’ in order to analyze the development of particular metaphors in three pairs of linked texts, each produced over a number of years, on the topics of medicine, politics and the parenting of children with special needs. We show how key metaphorical expressions from earlier texts or conversations are re-used by later writers, in different genres and registers, to convey new meanings and serve new functions. We account for these new meanings and functions by considering the relevant domain of activity and the differences between the original context of use and the context(s) in which the metaphor is re-used. Our study contributes, from a diachronic perspective, to the growing body of literature that recognizes the dynamic and context-bound nature of metaphorical language. Earlier studies have identified and discussed the dynamic properties of metaphor within individual texts and conversations. In particular, Cameron and other scholars have argued that the meanings of metaphorical expressions are inherently flexible, and emerge in different ways in different contexts of use. As a result, the same metaphorical expressions are sometimes re-used within the same text or discourse event with different meanings and functions (Cameron and Low 2004, Cameron and Gibbs 2008, Cameron 2011). -
A Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis of Pro-Eating Disorder Blogs
Jezikoslovlje 12.2 (2011): 187-209 187 UDC 811.111'42:004.773=111 Original scientific paper Received on 15.08. 2011 Accepted for publication on 09.11. 2011 Morana Luka University of Zadar Down to the bone: A corpus-based critical discourse analysis of pro-eating disorder blogs The pro-eating-disorder community is almost exclusively an online community of individuals who claim that eating disorders are not an illness, but rather a life- style choice. This study offers an insight into the ideologies constructed in the pro-eating-disorder online discourse by using micro and macro levels of critical discourse analysis (CDA) on 19 blogs written by the self-declared members of the community. Linguistic analysis of the pro-eating-disorder discourse has been largely under-represented and this study is the first to use a corpus-linguistics ap- proach to CDA in analysing the websites’ content. The results of the analysis show that the pro-eating-disorder community constructs the ideology of eating disorders as a life-style via demedicalised reference to the illness. The study also elaborates on the construction of the negative image of “an outsider” (any person not belonging to the community) as an element of self-determination. By using the corpus linguistic technique of keyness, main topics of the discourse are identi- fied, suggesting relevant relations between the discourse of measuring and will power and the underlying pro-eating-disorder ideologies. Key words: blog; pro-eating disorder community; critical discourse analysis; demedicalisation; corpus linguistics Morana Luka: 188 A corpus-based critical discourse analysis of pro-eating disorder blogs Woe’s me, woe’s me! The earth bears grain, But I Am unfruitful, Am discarded shell, Cracked, unusable, Worthless husk. -
British Muslims Caught Amidst Fogs—A Discourse Analysis of Religious Advice and Authority
religions Article British Muslims Caught Amidst FOGs—A Discourse Analysis of Religious Advice and Authority Usman Maravia 1,* , Zhazira Bekzhanova 2 , Mansur Ali 3 and Rakan Alibri 4 1 ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS), Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK 2 English Language Program, Astana IT University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; [email protected] 3 Centre for the Study of Islam in the UK, School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3EU, UK; [email protected] 4 Department of Languages and Translation, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This paper discusses the symbolic capital found within Islamic documents that were circu- lated in the UK during the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, the work explores “fatwas” and “other” similar documents as well as “guidance” documents (referred to as FOGs) that were disseminated in March–April 2020 on the internet and social media platforms for British Muslim consumption. We confine our materials to FOGs produced only in English. Our study takes its cue from the notion that the existence of a variety of documents created a sense of foggy ambiguity for British Muslims in matters of religious practice. From a linguistic angle, the study seeks to identify (a) the underlying reasons behind the titling of the documents; and (b) the construction of discourses in the documents. Our corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis (CA-CDA) found noticeable patterns that hold symbolic capital in the fatwa register. We also found that producers of “other” documents imitate the fatwa register in an attempt to strengthen the symbolic capital of their documents. -
Front Matter
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68977-9 - Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence Jonathan Culpeper Frontmatter More information Impoliteness When is language considered ‘impolite’? Is impolite language only used for anti-social purposes? Can impolite language be creative? What is the differ- ence between ‘impoliteness’ and ‘rudeness’? Grounded in naturally occurring language data and drawing on findings from linguistic pragmatics and social psychology, Jonathan Culpeper provides a fascinating account of how impo- lite behaviour works. He examines not only its forms and functions but also people’s understandings of it in both public and private contexts. He reveals, for example, the emotional consequences of impoliteness, how it shapes and is shaped by contexts, and how it is sometimes institutionalised. This book offers penetrating insights into a hitherto neglected and poorly understood phenomenon. It will be welcomed by students and researchers in linguistics and social psychology in particular. jonathan culpeper is based in the Department of Linguistics and English Language at Lancaster University. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68977-9 - Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence Jonathan Culpeper Frontmatter More information Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics EDITORS Paul Drew, Marjorie Harness Goodwin, John J. Gumperz, Deborah Schiffrin 1 Discourse Strategies John J. Gumperz 2 Language and Social Identity edited by John J. Gumperz 3 The Social Construction of Literacy Jenny Cook-Gumperz 4 Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson 5 Discourse Markers Deborah Schiffrin 6 Talking Voices: Repetition, Dialogue, and Imagery in Conversational Discourse Deborah Tannen 7 Conducting Interaction: Patterns of Behaviour in Focused Encounters Adam Kendon 8 Talk at Work: Interaction in Institutional Settings edited by Paul Drew and John Heritage 9 Grammar in Interaction: Adverbial Clauses in American English Conversations Cecilia E. -
Ruth Wodak, Facss
Emeritus Distinguished Professor Dr. Dr.h.c. Ruth Wodak, FAcSS EXTENDED CURRICULUM VITAE BIO-DATA, CONTACT DETAILS, EDUCATION ............................................................................................ 2 CAREER .................................................................................................................................................... 3 VISITING PROFESSORSHIPS ..................................................................................................................... 4 AWARDS .................................................................................................................................................. 5 MAJOR RESEARCH GRANTS ..................................................................................................................... 5 KEY RESEARCH INTERESTS ....................................................................................................................... 6 OTHER PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES .......................................................................................................... 8 JOURNAL EDITORSHIP ........................................................................................................................... 10 BOOK SERIES EDITORSHIP ..................................................................................................................... 10 MEMBERSHIP IN JOURNAL ADVISORY BOARDS .................................................................................... 10 MEMBERSHIP IN BOOK SERIES EDITORIAL BOARDS -
The Peaks and Troughs of Corpus-Based Contextual Analysis
UCREL Corpus Research Seminar Lancaster University 23 May 2011 The peaks and troughs of corpus-based contextual analysis Costas Gabrielatos, Tony McEnery, Peter Diggle & Paul Baker (Lancaster University) Abstract This presentation addresses a criticism of corpus-based approaches to critical discourse studies, namely that the CL analysis does not take account of the relevant context, and shows how a preliminary corpus-based analysis can pinpoint salient contextual elements, which can inform both the CL and CDA analyses. The discussion also focuses on the importance of the statistical identification of diachronic trends (in particular, frequency peaks and troughs), and the need for high granularity in diachronic corpora. The paper aims to contribute to the synergy between CL and CDA approaches, and between qualitative and quantitative techniques in general. The presentation uses a recently completed ESRC-funded project as a case study, The Representation of Islam in the UK Press, which used a diachronic corpus of topic-specific articles. Periods of increased frequency in the number of corpus articles were identified through a statistical analysis. These frequency peaks indicate short periods (months) of significantly increased reporting on the topic/entities in focus. These periods can then be matched with events which are expected to have triggered the increased interest. This identification has a dual benefit: a) it suggests the contextual background against which the results of the corpus analysis can be interpreted; b) it provides a reliable guide to the corpus texts that can be usefully downsampled for close (qualitative) critical discourse analysis. Focus • Diachronic corpus studies: relevant issues – Time span – Sampling points – Granularity • Context, CDA and CL • Identifying spikes – Whole corpus vs. -
Critical Discourse Analysis: As an Empirical and Rational Foundation
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS: AS AN EMPIRICAL AND RATIONAL FOUNDATION Dewi Suriany Ali, Wendy Pandapotan Sahat [email protected], [email protected] Department of English Education Lancang Kuning University Abstract Critical discourse analysis is not related to a particular linguistic school or Discourse analysis. Discourse analysis can be used as an empirical and rational foundation to analyze it. It seeks to endorse awareness of the aspect of language implementation and to argue explicitly for change on the origin of its finding. Critical discourse analysts realize that their own work is also driven by social, economic, and political issues, but they argue that this applies to all academics of work. The traditional division of social work ensures that scientists and other academics do not have to face their workplace in a scheme of better things and conditions that make their continued work possible. Critical discourse analysts at least make their position explicit and feel they do not need to apologize for the critical attitude of their work. By contrast, by contributing to the debate on issues of great importance to society, they continue the tradition of groundless debate that has been fundamental to democratic societies since antiquity, feeling that their work as scientists requires greater responsibility than giving facts to others interpret and use. KeyTerm: Critical Discourse Analysis; Discourse-Historical Approach; Feminist Poststructural Discourse Analysis; Social Semiotics; Systemic Functional Linguistics Introduction are based on Fairclough (1989) in broad, though not necessarily entirely, drawings The nature of Critical discouse on Halliday's functional systemic analysis ( henceforth; CDA ) designed to linguistics (1985). In principle language study the role of text andtalk in creating, simultaneously builds demonstrations maintain, as well as legitimating around the world, recognizes social inequality, injustice, including oppression interaction, and scrambles these in community. -
Professor Ruth Wodak, Ph.D., Dr. H. C., Dr. Habil. CURRICULUM VITAE
Professor Ruth Wodak, Ph.D., Dr. h. c., Dr. Habil. CURRICULUM VITAE ADDRESS: Dept. of Linguistics and Modern English Language Bowland College Lancaster University [email protected] http://www.ling.lancs.ac.uk/profiles/265 PROFESSIONAL CAREER: Since 8.12.2007 Distinguished Professor and Chair in Discourse Studies, LAEL, Lancaster University 09/2004 – 12/2007 Chair in Discourse Studies, LAEL, Lancaster University March 2005 Offer of Canadian Research Chair, University of Waterloo (not accepted) 10/1999 – 10/2002 Research Professorship, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 03/1997 – 01/2006 Director of Research Centre "Discourse, Politics, Identity", University of Vienna 1.10. 2000 ‐ Co‐Director of Austrian National Focal Point, EUMC (since 2007 FRA), Vienna 1991 ‐ 2004 Full Professor of Applied Linguistics, Chair, University of Vienna 1991 Offer of a chair at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA as "Full Professor" for Applied Linguistics (not accepted) 1983 – 1991 Associate Professor of Sociolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, with emphasis on Discourse Analysis, Department of Linguistics, University of Vienna, Austria 1975 – 1983 Assistant Professor of Linguistics, University of Vienna 1980 Habilitation in ‘Applied Linguistics, including Socio‐ and Psycholinguistics’, at the University of Vienna (Habilitationsschrift: Das Wort in der Gruppe. Linguistische Studien zur therapeutischen Kommunikation). Page 1 of 53 Updated 19/10/2010 1974 PhD (Sub Auspiciis Praesidentis Rei Publicae, in Linguistics, University of Vienna (PhD Thesis: -
Metaphors for ‘Good’ and ‘Bad’ Deaths a Health Professional View
Metaphors for ‘good’ and ‘bad’ deaths A health professional view Zsófia Demjén,1 Elena Semino2 and Veronika Koller2 1The Open University / 2Lancaster University This paper discusses the metaphors used by sixteen palliative healthcare profes- sionals from around the United Kingdom in semi-structured interviews to describe what they see as ‘good’ and ‘bad’ deaths. The interviews, conducted for the large-scale “Metaphor in End-of-Life Care” project, are set against the background of contemporary practices and discourses around end-of-life care, dying and quality of death. To date, the use of metaphor in descriptions of dif- ferent types of deaths has not received much attention. Applying the Metaphor Identification Procedure (Pragglejaz Group, 2007) we find that the difference between good and bad deaths is partly expressed via different frequencies of contrasting metaphors, such as ‘peacefulness’ and ‘openness’ as opposed to ‘struggle’ and ‘pushing away’ professional help. We show how metaphors are used to: evaluate deaths and the dying; justify those evaluations; present a remarkably consistent view of different types of deaths; and promote a particular ‘framing’ of a good death, which is closely linked with the dominant sociocul- tural and professional contexts of our interviewees. We discuss the implications of these consistent evaluations and framings in broader end-of-life care contexts, and reflect on the significance of our findings for the role of metaphor in com- munication about sensitive experiences. Keywords: end-of-life care; hospices; medical communication; metaphor; death and dying; good death 1. Introduction This paper focuses on metaphors used to describe ‘good’ and ‘bad’ deaths in semi- structured interviews with sixteen UK-based healthcare professionals in hospice or palliative care. -
The Representation of Social Actors
Contents Notes on contributors vii Preface xi Part I Critical discourse theory 1 On critical linguistics 3 Roger Fowler 2 Representational resources and the production of subjectivity: Questions for the theoretical development of Critical Discourse Analysis in a multicultural society 15 Gunther Kress 3 The representation of social actors 32 Theo van Leeuwen 4 Technologisation of discourse 71 Norman Fairclough 5 Discourse, power and access 84 Teun A.van Dijk Part II Texts and practices: Critical approaches 6 The genesis of racist discourse in Austria since 1989 107 Ruth Wodak 7 Ethnic, racial and tribal: The language of racism? 129 Ramesh Krishnamurthy 8 A clause-relational analysis of selected dictionary entries: Contrast and compatibility in the definitions of ‘man’ and ‘woman’ 150 Michael Hoey v vi Contents 9 The official version: Audience manipulation in police records of interviews with suspects 166 Malcolm Coulthard 10 Conflict talk in a psychiatric discharge interview: Struggling between personal and official footings 179 Branca Telles Ribeiro 11 Problems with the representation of face and its manifestations in the discourse of the ‘old-old’ 194 Dino Preti 12 ‘Guilt over games boys play’: Coherence as a focus for examining the constitution of heterosexual subjectivity on a problem page 214 Val Gough and Mary Talbot 13 Barking up the wrong tree? Male hegemony, discrimination against women and the reporting of bestiality in the Zimbabwean press 231 Andrew Morrison 14 ‘Women who pay for sex. And enjoy it’: Transgression versus morality