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List of Oscar Award Winners 2015

The 87th ceremony was organised at Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, LA for honoring the best in films for year 2014. These awards have a long history with regards to the Movie industry. These are also known as the Academy Awards.

Points of Remember about Oscar or Academy Awards:

 The Oscar awards were first awarded in 1929.  Bhanu Athaiya was the First Indian artist to win the Academy or Oscar Award in year 1983, for designing the costumes for the film by Richard Attenborough by the name – Gandhi.  Satyajit Ray was the First Indian ever to receive an Honorary Academy Award in year 1992.  Gulzar is the First Indian lyricist to be awarded an Honorary Academy Award for writing the song “Jai Ho” in the film ‘Slumdog Millionaire’.  A.R.Rahman became the First Indian to win two Academy Awards in year 2009.

The list of winners of Oscar Awards in 2015 is given below. If you revise it properly, you will be able to answer questions regarding this section confidently in the exams.

Category Winner Best Picture Birdman Best Director Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu (Birdman) Best Actor Eddie Redmayne (The Theory of Everything) Best Actress Julianne Moore (Still Alice) Best Supporting Actor J.K. Simmons (Whiplash) Best Supporting Actress Patricia Arquette (Boyhood) Achievement in Costume Design Milena Canonero (The Grand Budapest Hotel) Achievement in Makeup and Hairstyling Frances Hannon and Mark Coulier (The Grand Budapest Hotel) Best Foreign Language Film Ida (Pawel Pawlikowski) Best Live Action Short Film The Phone Call (Matt Kirkby and James Lucas) Crisis Hotline: Veterans Press 1 (Ellen Goosenberg Kent and Best Documentary Short Subject Dana Perry) Original Screenplay Birdman Achievement in Sound Mixing Whiplash (Craig Mann, Ben Wilkins, Thomas Curley) Achievement in Sound Editing American Sniper (Alan Robert Murray Bub Asman) www.Thennakam.com

Interstellar (Ian Hunter, Scott Fisher, Andrew Lockley and Paul Achievement in Visual Effects Franklin) Best Animated Short Feast (Patrick Osborne and Kristina Reed) Best Animated Movie Big Hero Six (Don Hall, Chris Williams and Roy Conli) The Grand Budapest Hotel (Adam Stockhausen and Anna Achievement in Production Design Pinnock) Achievement in Cinematography Birdman (Emannuel Lubezki) Achievement in Film Editing Whipalsh () Citizen Four (, Mathilde Bonnefoy and Dirk Best Documentary Feature Wilutzky) Best Original Song Glory (John Stephens and Lonnie Lynn) Best Original Score The Grand Budapest Hotel (Alexandre Desplat) Best Adapted Screenplay The Imitation Game (Graham Moore)

Important of

Just like other forms of art, also involves expression of all characteristics of the human mind including varied human emotions known as ‘ras‘. Human emotions have been categorized into 9 ‘rasa’ called ‘Nav-rasa‘.

1. Hasya Rasa — laughter, mirth 2. Bhayanak Rasa— fear, evil 3. Rudra Rasa — Anger 4. Karun Rasa — Compassion, pathos 5. Vir Rasa — Valour, courage 6. Adbhut Rasa — Wonder, astonishing 7. Vibhatsa Rasa — Disgust, terrifying glory 8. Shaanti Rasa — peace 9. Shringaar Rasa — love, decorating one’s self/aesthetics

Text Sources containing details of performing arts in Ancient India, which are known as earliest traditions of are: www.Thennakam.com

 Bharata’s Natyashashtra (between 2nd century BC and 2nd century AD) – Natyashastra is also known as the fifth veda.  Matanga’s Brihaddesi (8-9th century AD)  Jayadeva’s Gita Govinda (12th century) – brilliant raga kavya of orissa, where each song is set in different raga on theme of love between and .  Abhinavagupta’s Abhinavbharati

Analytical Aspects of Classical : In his work Natyashahtra, Bharata has described dance and its various angas (limbs) in detail. There are three broad categories which involve facial expressions, body movements, hasta mudras and the footsteps. These categories are:

 nritta (pada sanchalan) – foot work  (anga sanchalan) – body movements  natya (abhinay) – facial expressions

An ancient classification that is followed in all styles is of and . Tandava – refers to the masculine, and its heroic bold and vigorous. Lasya – refers to the feminine, and its soft, lyrical and graceful.

Abhinaya, broadly means expression. Expression is achieved through angika, the body and limbs, vachikasong and speech and aharya, costume and adornment; and satvika, moods and emotions.

Importance of Dance in Indian Culture In traditional Indian culture, the function of dance was to give symbolic expression to religious ideas. Therefore, figure of Lord Shiva as in dance represents the creation and destruction of cosmic cycle. The art of dancing may be traced to www.Thennakam.com the Harappan culture which is testified by the bronze statue of a dancing girl. Difference between Classical and Folk Dances: With time dances have come to be divided as folk and classical. The differentiating factor is generally the performance. Classical form of the dance was performed in temples as well as in the royal courts. While the dance in temples had a religious objective to please Gods, the dance in courts was used purely for entertainment. Consider the following dances and the purpose served by them.

and Mohiniattam – part of the rituals in temples.  , a form of in Kerala, – and stories  and Manipuri – stories of Krishna and his leela  – worship of Lord Jagannath.

The Folk dances have evolved from the lives of common people and were mostly performed in unison. They are meant to serve as a medium for celebrate most of the harvesting season by giving expression to the joys and sorrows of the people-folk. The following folk dances are popular for their uniqueness.

 Bihu celebrates harvest season of Assam,  of Gujarat,  and Gidda of Punjab,  Bamboo dance of Mizoram,  Koli is the fisherman’s dance of Maharashtra,  Dhumal of Kashmir,  Chhau of .Martial dances of India o Chholia of Uttranchal, o Kalari paittu of Kerala, o Thang-taa of Manipur www.Thennakam.com

o Gatka of Punjab o Paika of Orissa o Pang Lhabosol of Sikkim

List of Important Indian Classical Dances Questions are often asked about regions to which the following famous dances are associated. Hence, the list of important classical dances of India has been presented below to give a quick reference guide for revision.

 Bharatanatyam –  Chhau – , , – West Bengal  Kathak – North India ()  Kathakali, – Kerala  – Andhra Pradesh  Manipuri, Thang Ta – Manipur  Odissi – Odisha  – Assam

List of Folk Dances of India Folk dances are important part of Indian culture. Hence, aspirants should be aware of the following important folk dances of states in India to be able to answer questions in exams.

 Andhra Pradesh : Kuchipudi, Kolattam  Arunachal Pradesh :  Assam :  Jharkhand : Karma / Munda  Chattisgarh : Panthi, Rauta Nach, Gaur Maria dance  Goa : Tarangamel, Dashavatara, Dekhni, , Dhangar, , Ghodemodni, Goff, Jagar, Kunbi, Mando, Muslam Khel, Perni Jagar, Ranamale, Romta Mel, Divlyan Nach (Lamp dance), Veerabhadra www.Thennakam.com

 Gujarat : Garba, Raas, dance, Padhar  Himachal Pradesh : Kinnauri , Namgen  : dance, Chhathi Dance, Khoria Dance, Ras Leela, Dhamal Dance, Dance, Jhumar Dance, Loor Dance, Gugga Dance, Teej Dance, Phag dance, Chaupaiya.  Karnataka : Yakshagana, Bayalata, Dollu kunitha, Veeragaase dance  Kashmir : Dumhal  Lakshadweep : Lava  : Tertali, Charkula, Jawara, , Phulpati Dance, Grida dance, Maanch  Maharashtra : Pavri nach, Lavani,Koli  Manipur : Thang Ta, Cholom  Mizoram :  Nagaland : Chang lo / Sua luo  Odisha : Gumura Dannce, Ruk Mar Nacha, Goti Pua, Nacni, Odissi, Danda Nacha, Baagh nach/Tiger dance, , Dhap, Ghumra, Karma nach, Keisabadi.  Puducherry : Garadi  Punjab : Bhangra, , Malwai Giddha, Jhumar, Karthi, Kikkli, Sammi, Dandass, Ludi, Jindua.  : Ghoomar, , Bhavai, Tera tali, Chirami, Gair.  Sikkim : Singhi chham  Tamil Nadu : Bharatanatyam, Kamandi, Devarattam, , Kolattam, Karagattam, /Peacock dance, Paambu aatam/snake dance, , Puliyattam, poikkal kuthirai attam, Bommalattam, Therukuthu.  Tripura : .  West Bengal: Gambhira, Kalikapatadi, Nanci, ,

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