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Regional Conference on Migration MG-RCONF (2004) 9e REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON MIGRATION MIGRANTS IN THE TRANSIT COUNTRIES: SHARING RESPONSIBILITIES IN MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION PROCEEDINGS Istanbul, 30 September – 1st October 2004 MG-RCONF (2004) 9e REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON MIGRATION MIGRANTS IN THE TRANSIT COUNTRIES: SHARING RESPONSIBILITIES IN MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION PROCEEDINGS Istanbul, 30 September – 1st October 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS OPENING SESSION ................................................................................................................ 1 Speech of Mrs Maud De BOER-BUQUICCHIO, Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe, .............................................................................................................1 Speech of Mr Abdülkadir AKSU, Minister of Interior of the Republic of Turkey...................5 Speech of Mr Tadeusz IWINSKI, Vice-President of the Parliamentary Assembly, Chair of the PACE Committee on Migration, Refugees and Population ..........................................9 Speech of Mr Claude-Valentin MARIE, Director, Research and Anti-discrimination Unit, Paris .......................................................................................................................13 SESSION 1: MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF IRREGULAR MIGRATIN IN TRANSIT COUNTRIES – FOUR LOCAL CASE-STUDIES FROM MAJOR TRANSIT MIGRATION REGIONS OF RELEVANCE FOR EUROPE................................................. 20 Analysis of the economic, social, demographic and political basis of transit migration in Russia, by Dr Irina IVAKHNIOUK, Deputy Director of Department of Population, Faculty of Economics, Moscow State 'Lomonosov'' University, Russia ................................20 Geographical situation as a facilitator of irregular migration in transit countries - Case of Tanger, by Mr Mohamed CHAREF Observatoire Régional des Migrations Espaces et Sociétés (ORMES), Morocco........................................................................................41 At the cross-roads between Europe and Asia - complexity of transit migration in Istanbul, by Mr Jean-François PEROUSE, Observatoire Urbain d’Istanbul, Institut Français d’Etudes Anatoliennes ........................................................................................58 New Migratory patterns at the Tunisia -Libya frontiers - Case of the Sahara desert area, by Dr Hassan BOUBAKRI, Département de Géographie de la Faculté des Lettres, Université du Centre (Sousse), Tunisia ..............................................................................89 Introduction to the debate: Identification of issues and current and future trends of irregular migration in transit countries – Summary Report by Mr Stéphane De TAPIA, Researcher in CNRS “Cultures & Societies in Europe”, Department of Turkish Studies, University Marc Bloch’s Strasbourg................................................................................ 110 TRANSIT MIGRATION – EXPERIENCES OF SOME COUNTRIES.................................136 Treatment of transit migration in North America – Case of Mexico, by Pr Jorge SANTIBANEZ ROMELLÓN, President, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Mexico............ 136 Reconciling refugee protection with combating irregular migration: the experience of Turkey, by Prof. Dr Kemal KIRISÇI............................................................................... 147 The situation of Turkey concerning migration, illegal migration, trafficking in human beings and refugees, by Mr Mehmet TERZIOGLU, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Head of Asylum and Border Issues Dept. ................................................................................. 157 SESSION 2 : BURDEN SHARING, NOT BURDEN SHIFTING – THE BASIS FOR A GUENUINE CO-OPERATION ON IRREGULAR TRANSIT MIGRATION.......................167 Transit Migration and Migration Management Strategy – the need for a comprehensive approach, by Mr Michel VILLAN, Chair of the European Committee on Migration, CoE............................................................................................................................... 167 II Financing of projects for migrants, by Mrs Eva SCHWEBEL, Council of Europe Development Bank......................................................................................................... 174 New approaches to managing migration from the perspective of a country of origin – Pakistani experience, by Mr Hassan HAIDER.................................................................. 177 Migration Management from the perspective of a transit country – the Turkish case, by Mr Ahmet ICDUYGU, Koc University, Department of International Relations .................. 180 Protecting the human rights of transit migrants, by Mrs Julia HALL, Human Rights Watch............................................................................................................................ 187 CLOSING SESSION .............................................................................................................194 Presentation of the General Rapporteur's conclusions, by Mr Stéphane De TAPIA, Researcher in CNRS “Cultures & Societies in Europe”..................................................... 194 Closing remarks by Mr Alexander VLADYCHENKO, Director General ad interim for Social Cohesion (DGIII), Council of Europe .................................................................... 198 Closing remarks by H.E. N. MURAT ERSAVCI Director General For Consular Affairs, Min istry of Foreign Affairs, Turkey .................................................................... 200 FINAL COMMUNIQUÉ.......................................................................................................204 PROGRAMME .....................................................................................................................205 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS....................................................................................................209 OPENING SESSION Speech of Mrs Maud De BOER-BUQUICCHIO, Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe, Minister, Ladies and Gentlemen, Where is paradise on Earth? If I had to find it, I would probably look for a place that meets the following criteria: 1. a beautiful medium-sized city by the sea-side; 2. in a democratic, politically-stable country; 3. composed of a diverse yet cohesive society, enjoying a healthy economy and environment (both safe from natural and industrial disasters) and following a model of sustainable development. Whereas it may be rather easy to find a nice place by a sunny coast (Turkey certainly has many examples!), how many places would meet the other criteria? Unfortunately, it is very difficult to find paradise on earth (it is much easier to find hell). Many millions of people in this world are living in hell. Armed conflicts, poverty, ecological disasters, political instability, social tensions… Hell is wherever human dignity is threatened. Hell is wherever human rights cannot be enjoyed. And yet, all those millions of people do not deserve hell. They just happened to be born into it. They can either try to survive or to escape. In both cases, they also have the right to dream of their own paradise. Migration patterns may have changed over the centuries, but the phenomenon has always existed and is still evolving. A country of origin may become a country of destination or transit. A country of destination may become a country of origin. In this changing environment there is an important constant: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood”. I suggest that we take this important Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a starting point for our discussions in Istanbul. Ladies and Gentlemen, I. Time and space may be relative, but human rights are not : they are absolute “All human beings are born equal in dignity and rights …”. This is true, but it is equally true that the date and the place of birth is an accident with some consequences … Take the year 1980. In 1980, many babies were born in European cities such as Tchernobyl, Belgrade, Tirana, Belfast, Tenerife, Brussels or Berlin… Many more babies were born in the cities of countries in Africa, Asia or Latin America. Today, these babies have become young people. They all face different problems, have different needs and dreams, but they share something essential: wherever they are and wherever they go, whatever their “status” (whether an Erasmus student, an illegal migrant, an asylum seeker, a migrant in transit, a victim of trafficking, a refugee…), they all have human rights. 2 Unfortunately, and despite all the promises and all efforts made by our governments, Europe is still far away from granting passports to paradise to people escaping hell. Europe has also still much to do at building its own paradises but can certainly help other continents to do same. I am persuaded that a sound management of migration flows would help to change this complex and unacceptable reality. But how? : Developing a comprehensive and inclusive policy on migration. I now want you to be convinced that this investment is more than value for money. Ladies and Gentlemen, This regional conference takes place in this historic city of Istanbul, the crossroads between Europe and Asia, where East meets West, North meets South: a mosaic of different civilisations, cultures and religions. You have decided to devote this conference to the situation
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