Neotropical Primates
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Ethnopharmacology of Fruit Plants
molecules Review Ethnopharmacology of Fruit Plants: A Literature Review on the Toxicological, Phytochemical, Cultural Aspects, and a Mechanistic Approach to the Pharmacological Effects of Four Widely Used Species Aline T. de Carvalho 1, Marina M. Paes 1 , Mila S. Cunha 1, Gustavo C. Brandão 2, Ana M. Mapeli 3 , Vanessa C. Rescia 1 , Silvia A. Oesterreich 4 and Gustavo R. Villas-Boas 1,* 1 Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras-BA CEP 47810-059, Brazil; [email protected] (A.T.d.C.); [email protected] (M.M.P.); [email protected] (M.S.C.); [email protected] (V.C.R.) 2 Physical Education Course, Center for Health Studies and Research (NEPSAU), Univel University Center, Cascavel-PR, Av. Tito Muffato, 2317, Santa Cruz, Cascavel-PR CEP 85806-080, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Research Group on Biomolecules and Catalyze, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras-BA CEP 47810-059, Brazil; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Rodovia Dourados, Itahum Km 12, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa. postal 364, Dourados-MS CEP 79804-970, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-(77)-3614-3152 Academic Editors: Raffaele Pezzani and Sara Vitalini Received: 22 July 2020; Accepted: 31 July 2020; Published: 26 August 2020 Abstract: Fruit plants have been widely used by the population as a source of food, income and in the treatment of various diseases due to their nutritional and pharmacological properties. -
World's Most Endangered Primates
Primates in Peril The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018 Edited by Christoph Schwitzer, Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands, Federica Chiozza, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Elizabeth J. Macfie, Janette Wallis and Alison Cotton Illustrations by Stephen D. Nash IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG) International Primatological Society (IPS) Conservation International (CI) Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Published by: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Copyright: ©2017 Conservation International All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Inquiries to the publisher should be directed to the following address: Russell A. Mittermeier, Chair, IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. Citation (report): Schwitzer, C., Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B., Chiozza, F., Williamson, E.A., Macfie, E.J., Wallis, J. and Cotton, A. (eds.). 2017. Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. 99 pp. Citation (species): Salmona, J., Patel, E.R., Chikhi, L. and Banks, M.A. 2017. Propithecus perrieri (Lavauden, 1931). In: C. Schwitzer, R.A. Mittermeier, A.B. Rylands, F. Chiozza, E.A. Williamson, E.J. Macfie, J. Wallis and A. Cotton (eds.), Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018, pp. 40-43. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. -
Genus Pithecia) in a Highly Diverse Primate Community
The behavioural ecology of a potentially undescribed morph of Saki Monkey (genus Pithecia) in a highly diverse primate community Emily Lehtonen Arbetsgruppen för Tropisk Ekologi Minor Field Study 206 Committee of Tropical Ecology ISSN 1653-5634 Uppsala University, Sweden December 2016 Uppsala The behavioural ecology of a potentially undescribed morph of Saki Monkey (genus Pithecia) in a highly diverse primate community Emily Lehtonen Supervisors: Prof. Mats Björklund, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Sweden. Dr. Paul Beaver, Amazonia Expeditions Tahuayo Lodge, Iquitos, Peru. Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................................................. 2 Key Words ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Project Aims and Questions ........................................................................................................................... 5 Methods ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Field Observations of Sakis ............................................................................................................................ -
Exudates Used As Medicine by the “Caboclos River-Dwellers” of the Unini River, AM, Brazil – Classification Based in Their
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 26 (2016) 379–384 ww w.elsevier.com/locate/bjp Original Article Exudates used as medicine by the “caboclos river-dwellers” of the Unini River, AM, Brazil – classification based in their chemical composition a,b a a a João Henrique G. Lago , Jaqueline Tezoto , Priscila B. Yazbek , Fernando Cassas , c a,∗ Juliana de F.L. Santos , Eliana Rodrigues a Department of Biological Sciences, Centro de Estudos Etnobotânicos e Etnofarmacológicos, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil b Department of Exact Sciences and Earth, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil c Coordenac¸ ão em Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Although the use of exudates in traditional medicine has been commonly observed during ethnophar- Received 30 June 2015 macological surveys, few records have been made concerning the scientific merits of these products. The Accepted 14 March 2016 aim of this study was to document ethnopharmacological data and to classify exudates used as medicine Available online 28 March 2016 by the “caboclos” river-dwellers from the Unini River of Amazonas, Brazil, on chemical analyses basis. Using an ethnographic approach, indicated plants and their respective exudates were collected, identi- Keywords: fied and incorporated into herbarium of the National Institute of Amazonian Research. To classify these Amazon forest exudates, plant material was extracted using methanol, and obtained extracts were analyzed by Nuclear Ethnobotany Magnetic Resonance and mass spectrometry aiming identification of main compounds. -
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Evidence-based practice Hand-rearing protocol and comparison of growth rates in parent-reared versus hand-reared offspring: a case study inCallicebus cupreus Paige Bwye* and Alan Toyne Bristol Zoo Gardens, College Rd, Clifton, Bristol BS8 3HA *Correspondence: Paige Bwye, [email protected] JZAR Evidence-based practice Evidence-based JZAR Keywords: Callicebus cupreus, coppery Abstract titi, growth rate, hand-reared, parent- The European Endangered Species Programme (EEP) for coppery titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus) has reared a total population of around 90 individuals, living in zoos, that has experienced low reproductive rates and relatively high neonatal mortality. Bristol Zoo Gardens (BZG) housed a pregnant breeding female Article history: in 2017, who died during parturition from shock secondary to uterine prolapse. To ensure the infant’s Received: 29 May 2019 survival, it was hand-reared. The aim of this publication is to report the first detailed hand-rearing Accepted: 26 Nov 2019 protocol for Callicebus and to compare the growth rates of two hand-reared infants against seven Published online: 30 Apr 2020 parent-reared titi monkeys by collating weight information using the zoo animal database, Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS). Day had a significant effect on the weight of both hand- 2 reared and parent-reared titi monkeys (F(1,57)=919.3, P<0.001, np =0.942). Parent-reared titi monkeys had significantly higher growth rates (457.9±9.3) compared to the hand-reared (390.7±11.1) titi 2 monkeys (F(1,57)=19.804, P<0.001, np =0.258). Despite the differences in infant growth rates between rearing strategies, the hand-rearing protocol was considered successful due to the infant being the first hand-reared coppery titi monkey to survive to adulthood without any nutritional deficiencies. -
The One Hundred Tree Species Prioritized for Planting in the Tropics and Subtropics As Indicated by Database Mining
The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining Roeland Kindt, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, James M Roshetko, Meine van Noordwijk, Lars Graudal, Ramni Jamnadass The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining Roeland Kindt, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, James M Roshetko, Meine van Noordwijk, Lars Graudal, Ramni Jamnadass LIMITED CIRCULATION Correct citation: Kindt R, Dawson IK, Lillesø J-PB, Muchugi A, Pedercini F, Roshetko JM, van Noordwijk M, Graudal L, Jamnadass R. 2021. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. Working Paper No. 312. World Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/WP21001.PDF The titles of the Working Paper Series are intended to disseminate provisional results of agroforestry research and practices and to stimulate feedback from the scientific community. Other World Agroforestry publication series include Technical Manuals, Occasional Papers and the Trees for Change Series. Published by World Agroforestry (ICRAF) PO Box 30677, GPO 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254(0)20 7224000, via USA +1 650 833 6645 Fax: +254(0)20 7224001, via USA +1 650 833 6646 Email: [email protected] Website: www.worldagroforestry.org © World Agroforestry 2021 Working Paper No. 312 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of World Agroforestry. Articles appearing in this publication series may be quoted or reproduced without charge, provided the source is acknowledged. -
Central American Spider Monkey Ateles Geoffroyi Kuhl, 1820: Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321428630 Central American Spider Monkey Ateles geoffroyi Kuhl, 1820: Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador... Chapter · December 2017 CITATIONS READS 0 18 7 authors, including: Pedro Guillermo Mendez-Carvajal Gilberto Pozo-Montuy Fundacion Pro-Conservacion de los Primates… Conservación de la Biodiversidad del Usuma… 13 PUBLICATIONS 24 CITATIONS 32 PUBLICATIONS 202 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Connectivity of priority sites for primate conservation in the Zoque Rainforest Complex in Southeastern Mexico View project Regional Monitoring System: communitarian participation in surveying Mexican primate’s population (Ateles and Alouatta) View project All content following this page was uploaded by Gilberto Pozo-Montuy on 01 December 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Primates in Peril The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018 Edited by Christoph Schwitzer, Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands, Federica Chiozza, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Elizabeth J. Macfie, Janette Wallis and Alison Cotton Illustrations by Stephen D. Nash IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG) International Primatological Society (IPS) Conservation International (CI) Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Published by: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Copyright: ©2017 Conservation International All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Inquiries to the publisher should be directed to the following address: Russell A. -
Conservation of the Brown Howler Monkey in South-East Brazil
ORYX VOL 28 NO 1 JANUARY 1994 Conservation of the brown howler monkey in south-east Brazil Adriano Garcia Chiarello and Mauro Galetti The brown howler monkey Alouatta fusca once had a wide geographical distribution throughout a large part of the Atlantic forest in Brazil. Today only 5 per cent of these forests remain and the species is endangered. Howler monkeys can thrive in small forest fragments but they are more vulnerable to hunting, disease, and predation in these habitats than in undisturbed forests. Brown howler monkeys are important seed dispersers of several plant species, particularly in isolated forest fragments where specialized frugivores are absent. In protected areas without large predators howlers can reach high densities and the management of these populations is necessary to avoid inbreeding. Introduction on free-ranging brown howler monkeys started only recently (Mendes, 1989; Prates et The Atlantic forest of Brazil originally ex- al., 1990; Chiarello, 1992; Galetti, 1992). The tended from the state of Rio Grande do Norte species occurs in southern Bahia, Espirito to the southernmost borders of the country, Santo, eastern Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, into the northern Argentinian province of Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina and north- Missiones and parts of eastern Paraguay. This ern Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, as well as in forest once covered more than 1 million sq the extreme north-east of Argentina (Figure 1). km, making it the third most extensive veg- Ihering (1914) recognized two subspecies, etation type in Brazil after the Amazonian for- the northern brown howler A. fusca fusca from est and the cerrado (Mittermeier et al., 1989). -
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY of the National Action Plan for The
EXECUTIVEEXECUTIVE SUMMARYSUMMARY OFOF TTHHEE NNatiatiOONANALL AACTICTIOONN PLPLANAN FOFORR TTHHEE COCOnservatinservatiOONN OFOF CCENTRAENTRALL AATTLLANTICANTIC FFOORESTREST MMAMMAAMMALLSS The Class Mammalia is among the most charismatic vertebrates, including primates as monkeys, tamarins and marmosets, predators as jaguars, giant otters and wolves, and small mammals as rodents, bats and marsupials. Mammals compose one of the better studied animal groups; occur in a great diversity of environments, and present distinct and Bruno Sávio Freire interesting behaviors. It has been estimated the existence of approximately 5,000 mammal’s species in the whole world, mostly rodents (40%) and bats (20%). In Brazil it has been reported the occurrence of 530 mammals’ species, among these 66 are threatened. The drastic antropic changes that Brazilian Atlantic Forrest had experienced in the last 150 years, as consequence of the expansion of urban and rural areas, besides hunting and illegal trade, had caused habitat fragmentation and severe reduction in populations’ sizes, resulting in serious threats to mammalian species, specially the larger ones. Celso Margraf Maned-Three-Toed-Sloth, Bradypus torquatus Of 250 mammalian species registered in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest, 55 are endemic to this biome and 38 are threatened. Also, some species have already disappeared in certain regions and localities. For these reasons, with the legal support of the Ordinance 316/2009 of the Ministry of Environment and ICMBio, it was established a covenant with society defining strategies to recover Black-Faced-Lion-Tamarin, Leontopithecus caissara these species in the form of a national action plan. THE PLAN The National Action Plan (NAP) for the conservation of central Atlantic Forest Mammals has a geographic approach, rather than specific, including the states: Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and part of Minas Gerais, Bahia and Paraná, in a region under high human pressure and of great relevance in Brazil’s socioeconomic scenario. -
An Auditory Survey of the Andean Titi Monkey Callicebus Oenanthe Thomas, 1924 (Mammalia: Primates: Pitheciidae) at Tarangue, Northern Peru
Contributions to Zoology, 77 (1) 1-6 (2008) Vocalizations as a conservation tool: an auditory survey of the Andean titi monkey Callicebus oenanthe Thomas, 1924 (Mammalia: Primates: Pitheciidae) at Tarangue, Northern Peru Brooke Catherine Aldrich1, Lucy Molleson², K.A.I. Nekaris1 1 School of Social Sciences and Law, Department of Anthropology and Geography, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, United Kingdom, spidersfl [email protected] (corresponding author) ² Humboldt, Bristol Marina, Hanover Place, Bristol, BS1 6UH, United Kingdom Key words: crypsis, triangulation, primates, tropical Andes, song Abstract Introduction Titi monkeys (Callicebus), morphologically cryptic primates, Point counts, strip and line transect methods are com- have been diffi cult to survey using traditional sighting-based monly used to estimate densities of mammal popula- line transect methods. Callicebus-species regularly engage in tions (Brockelman and Srikosamatara, 1993; Green- loud, ritualized singing bouts, which could allow for the use of wood, 1996). For visually cryptic species, many of alternate, potentially more accurate call-based survey methods to monitor populations. The Andean titi monkey, C. oenanthe, is which have special conservation needs (e.g. Nekaris endemic to a small region of northern Peru, an area subject to and Jaffe, 2007), the assumptions associated with such widespread and rapid deforestation and human colonization. We methods may be problematic (Duckworth, 1998; Mc- conducted a call-based survey of C. oenanthe at Tarangue, a 74 ha Donald, 2004; Nekaris et al., 2008), partially because private reserve near Moyobamba. Triangulation of calls was used most encounters may be auditory only (Davies, 2002). to map groups of titi monkeys on and around the reserve. -
Dissertação Welma Sousa Silva.Pdf
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS - UFAM INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA – INPA PROGRAMA INTEGRADO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA TROPICAL E RECURSOS NATURAIS COORDENAÇÃO DE PESQUISAS EM BOTÂNICA SISTEMÁTICA FILOGENÉTICA DOS GÊNEROS NEOTROPICAIS DA TRIBO DORSTENIEAE Dumort. Brosimum Sw, Helianthostylis Baillon e Trymatococcus Poepp. & Endl. (MORACEAE) WELMA SOUSA SILVA Manaus – AM Junho, 2007 1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS - UFAM INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA – INPA PROGRAMA INTEGRADO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA TROPICAL E RECURSOS NATURAIS COORDENAÇÃO DE PESQUISAS EM BOTÂNICA SISTEMÁTICA FILOGENÉTICA DOS GÊNEROS NEOTROPICAIS DA TRIBO DORSTENIEAE Dumort. Brosimum Sw, Helianthostylis Baillon e Trymatococcus Poepp. & Endl. (MORACEAE) WELMA SOUSA SILVA Orientadora: Dra Aparecida Donisete de Faria Projeto de Pesquisa apresentado ao Programa Integrado de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Tropical e Recursos Naturais do convênio INPA/UFAM, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas, área de concentração em Botânica. Manaus – AM Junho, 2007 i Silva, Welma Sousa Sistemática Filogenética dos gêneros neotropicais da Tribo Dorstenieae: Brosimum Sw, Helianthostylis Baillon e Trymatococcus Poepp. & Endl. (MORACEAE): / Welma Sousa S. Araújo – Manaus: UFAM/INPA, 2007. 100 p. ilust. Dissertação de Mestrado - Área de concentração Botânica. 1. Sistemática 2. Filogenia 3. Moraceae CDD 19º ed. 595.735 Sinopse: Foi estudada a sistemática filogenética dos gêneros neotropicais Brosimum, Helianthostylis e Trymatococcus (Moraceae), com utilização de caracteres morfológicos, anatômico e moleculares. Os resultados apresentaram evidências sobre as relações entre os táxons analisados. Palavras-chave: Moraceae, Sistemática filogenética, Taxonomia, Neotrópicos ii À mulher mais importante da minha vida, Meu suporte, meu refúgio, Minha mãe Maria Lúcia, Dedico, iii iv AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA. -
No Evidence for Extra-Pair Paternity in Coppery Titi Monkeys 23 November 2020
The rainforest's most loyal couples: No evidence for extra-pair paternity in coppery titi monkeys 23 November 2020 out later that the chosen partner is not the genetically best one. In order to ensure the best possible genes for your own children, you may use the genes of a neighbor or a floating male without giving up the security of your own territory and the caring social father. Coppery titi monkeys live in small family-groups, consisting of male, female and offspring, who defend a territory. Usually, a single infant is born per year, that leaves the group when it reaches sexual maturity or shortly after and searches a partner, with whom it occupies an own territory. The pair partners maintain a strong relationship, spend day and night in close proximity and groom each Definitely family: Coppery titi monkeys (Plecturocebus other. Fourteen groups of coppery titi monkeys cupreus) in the Amazon rainforest. Credit: Katrin Heer were studied at the field station of the German Primate Center Estación Biológica Quebrada Blanco and its surroundings in northeastern Peru. Forty-one individuals could be genotyped using Since methods for genetic paternity analyses were fecal samples from which DNA was extracted and introduced, it has been clear that many pair-living sequenced at the Genetics Laboratory of the animal species, including humans, do not take German Primate Center in Göttingen. partnership fidelity that seriously. In most species, there is some proportion of offspring not sired by None of the 18 offspring examined were sired by a their social father. Coppery titi monkeys living in father other than the social father, i.e., genetic the Amazon lowland rainforest seem to be an monogamy could be confirmed.