Lucian Freud 1922 - 2011“

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Lucian Freud 1922 - 2011“ DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Lucian Freud 1922 - 2011“ Verfasserin Mag. Friederike Kraus angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag.phil.) Wien, 2013 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 315 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Diplomstudium Kunstgeschichte Betreuerin / Betreuer: Dozent Dr. Werner Kitlitschka ii Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung ................................................................................................................... 1 2 Forschungsstand und Methode ................................................................................... 4 3 Überblick über Leben und Werk ................................................................................ 7 3.1 Jugend ................................................................................................................ 7 3.1.1 Kindheit in Berlin ....................................................................................... 7 3.1.2 Schule in England ....................................................................................... 9 3.1.3 Erste Erfolge in London ............................................................................ 11 3.1.4 Frühe Nachkriegsjahre .............................................................................. 14 3.2 Frauen und Kinder ............................................................................................ 15 3.2.1 Zwei Ehen ................................................................................................. 15 3.2.2 Studentinnen, Modelle und weitere Kinder .............................................. 17 3.2.3 Anerkennung und Alter ............................................................................ 18 4 Künstlerische Entwicklung ...................................................................................... 22 4.1 Surrealismus ..................................................................................................... 22 4.2 “The Ingres of Existentialism” ......................................................................... 24 4.3 Vom Sitzen zum Stehen ................................................................................... 27 4.4 Farbe wie Fleisch ............................................................................................. 28 4.5 Von der Queen zu Eli ....................................................................................... 30 5 Lucian Freuds Zugang zur Malerei .......................................................................... 33 5.1 Realistische Malerei ......................................................................................... 36 5.1.1 W.R. Sickert und die Camden Town Group ............................................. 36 5.1.2 Stanley Spencer und Graham Sutherland ................................................. 38 iii 5.1.3 Kitchen Sink Group ................................................................................... 39 5.1.4 School of London ...................................................................................... 41 6 Der Porträtist Lucian Freud ...................................................................................... 45 6.1 Porträts der Kinder............................................................................................ 50 6.2 Porträts der Mutter ............................................................................................ 53 6.3 Selbstporträts .................................................................................................... 55 6.4 Maler des Fleisches .......................................................................................... 59 6.4.1 Leigh Bowery ............................................................................................ 59 6.4.2 Big Sue ...................................................................................................... 63 7 Sigmund Freud und Lucian Freud ............................................................................ 67 8 Verhältnis zu anderen Künstlern .............................................................................. 71 8.1 Vorlieben und Abneigungen ............................................................................. 71 8.2 Inspirationen ..................................................................................................... 75 8.2.1 Antoine Watteau (1684 – 1721) ................................................................ 75 8.2.2 Paul Cézanne (1839 – 1906) ..................................................................... 76 8.2.3 Jean-Siméon Chardin (1699 – 1779) ......................................................... 76 8.3 Vergleiche ......................................................................................................... 77 8.3.1 Peter Paul Rubens (1577 – 1640) und Jacob Jordaens ( 1593 – 1678) ..... 77 8.3.2 Neue Sachlichkeit, flämische Künstler, Edvard Munch ........................... 78 8.3.3 Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780 – 1867) ........................................ 80 8.3.4 Gustave Courbet (1819 – 1877) ................................................................ 80 8.3.5 Lovis Corinth (1858 – 1925) ..................................................................... 81 8.3.6 Egon Schiele (1890 – 1918) ...................................................................... 82 iv 8.3.7 Fritz Martinz (1924 – 2002) ...................................................................... 83 8.3.8 Jenny Saville und Herlinde Koelbl ........................................................... 84 8.4 Reflections ........................................................................................................ 85 8.5 The Artist´s Eye ............................................................................................... 86 9 Schlussbemerkungen ................................................................................................ 88 Literaturliste .................................................................................................................... 93 Quellen ............................................................................................................................ 98 Filmische Dokumentationen ........................................................................................... 99 Gespräch ......................................................................................................................... 99 Abbildungsverzeichnis und Abbildungsnachweise ...................................................... 100 Abbildungen .................................................................................................................. 113 Werkverzeichnis von Ölgemälden Lucian Freuds ........................................................ 205 Wichtigste Einzelausstellungen .................................................................................... 215 Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................................ 221 Abstract in English ........................................................................................................ 223 Lebenslauf ..................................................................................................................... 225 v vi 1 Einleitung „A moment of complete happiness never occurs in the creation of a work of art. The promise of it is felt in the act of creation but disappears towards the completion of the work. For it is then that the painter realizes that it is only a picture he is paint- ing. Until then he had almost dared to hope that the picture might spring to life. Were it not for this, the perfect painting might be painted, on the completion of which the painter could retire. It is this great insufficiency that drives him on. Thus the process of creation becomes necessary to the painter perhaps more than it is in the picture. The process in fact is habit-forming“. (Lucian Freud)1 Der 2011 verstorbene Künstler Lucian Freud, der allgemein als einer der wichtigsten figurativen Maler der Gegenwart anerkannt und von vielen Kunsthistorikern als deren bedeutendster gesehen wird, war in seiner Heimat England in seinen letzten Lebens- jahrzehnten eine berühmte Persönlichkeit. In Österreich war er nur einem eher kleinen kunstinteressierten Kreis bekannt. Zwar wurde er in Berlin geboren und hat dort seine frühe Jugend verbracht, ehe seine Familie 1933 nach England emigrierte, dennoch ist diese geringe Beachtung in der Heimatstadt seines Großvaters Sigmund Freud erstaun- lich. Erst sein Ableben, über das auch in heimischen Medien berichtet wurde, erhöhte seinen Bekanntheitsgrad. Allerdings waren Arbeiten Lucian Freuds in Österreich nie zu sehen, da er es lange Jahre ablehnte, sie hier zu zeigen. Erst kurz vor seinem Tod willig- te er in eine Ausstellung seiner Werke im Kunsthistorischen Museum in Wien ein, die im Oktober 2013 stattfinden wird. An der Auswahl der Bilder hat er noch selbst mitge- arbeitet.2 Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über Biographie und Werk des Künstlers Lucian Freud geben, dessen Leben seiner Kunst gewidmet war, ihr hatte sich alles unterzuord- nen. Ein Schwerpunkt wird auf seine Porträts, besonders jene seiner Familie und in die- sem Zusammenhang auch auf seine Selbstporträts, die er in regelmäßigen Abständen anfertigte und „Reflections“ nannte, gelegt werden. In einem einführenden biographi- 1 „Beim Schaffen eines Kunstwerks gibt es nie einen Moment des vollkommenen Glücks. Man spürt seine Verheißung im
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