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Enrichment for Nonhuman Primates, 2005
A six-booklet series on providing appropriate enrichment for baboons, capuchins, chimpanzees, macaques, marmosets and tamarins, and squirrel monkeys. Contents ...... Introduction Page 4 Baboons Page 6 Background Social World Physical World Special Cases Problem Behaviors Safety Issues References Common Names of the Baboon Capuchins Page 17 Background Social World Physical World Special Cases Problem Behaviors Safety Issues Resources Common Names of Capuchins Chimpanzees Page 28 Background Social World Physical World Special Cases Problem Behaviors Safety Issues Resources Common Names of Chimpanzees contents continued on next page ... Contents Contents continued… ...... Macaques Page 43 Background Social World Physical World Special Cases Problem Behaviors Safety Issues Resources Common Names of the Macaques Sample Pair Housing SOP -- Macaques Marmosets and Tamarins Page 58 Background Social World Physical World Special Cases Safety Issues References Common Names of the Callitrichids Squirrel Monkeys Page 73 Background Social World Physical World Special Cases Problem Behaviors Safety Issues References Common Names of Squirrel Monkeys ..................................................................................................................... For more information, contact OLAW at NIH, tel (301) 496-7163, e-mail [email protected]. NIH Publication Numbers: 05-5745 Baboons 05-5746 Capuchins 05-5748 Chimpanzees 05-5744 Macaques 05-5747 Marmosets and Tamarins 05-5749 Squirrel Monkeys Contents Introduction ...... Nonhuman primates maintained in captivity have a valuable role in education and research. They are also occasionally used in entertainment. The scope of these activities can range from large, accredited zoos to small “roadside” exhib- its; from national primate research centers to small academic institutions with only a few monkeys; and from movie sets to street performers. Attached to these uses of primates comes an ethical responsibility to provide the animals with an environment that promotes their physical and behavioral health and well-be- ing. -
World's Most Endangered Primates
Primates in Peril The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018 Edited by Christoph Schwitzer, Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands, Federica Chiozza, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Elizabeth J. Macfie, Janette Wallis and Alison Cotton Illustrations by Stephen D. Nash IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG) International Primatological Society (IPS) Conservation International (CI) Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Published by: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Copyright: ©2017 Conservation International All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Inquiries to the publisher should be directed to the following address: Russell A. Mittermeier, Chair, IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. Citation (report): Schwitzer, C., Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B., Chiozza, F., Williamson, E.A., Macfie, E.J., Wallis, J. and Cotton, A. (eds.). 2017. Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. 99 pp. Citation (species): Salmona, J., Patel, E.R., Chikhi, L. and Banks, M.A. 2017. Propithecus perrieri (Lavauden, 1931). In: C. Schwitzer, R.A. Mittermeier, A.B. Rylands, F. Chiozza, E.A. Williamson, E.J. Macfie, J. Wallis and A. Cotton (eds.), Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018, pp. 40-43. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. -
Chewing and Sucking Lice As Parasites of Iviammals and Birds
c.^,y ^r-^ 1 Ag84te DA Chewing and Sucking United States Lice as Parasites of Department of Agriculture IVIammals and Birds Agricultural Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1849 July 1997 0 jc: United States Department of Agriculture Chewing and Sucking Agricultural Research Service Lice as Parasites of Technical Bulletin Number IVIammals and Birds 1849 July 1997 Manning A. Price and O.H. Graham U3DA, National Agrioultur«! Libmry NAL BIdg 10301 Baltimore Blvd Beltsvjlle, MD 20705-2351 Price (deceased) was professor of entomoiogy, Department of Ento- moiogy, Texas A&iVI University, College Station. Graham (retired) was research leader, USDA-ARS Screwworm Research Laboratory, Tuxtia Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. ABSTRACT Price, Manning A., and O.H. Graham. 1996. Chewing This publication reports research involving pesticides. It and Sucking Lice as Parasites of Mammals and Birds. does not recommend their use or imply that the uses U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesti- 1849, 309 pp. cides must be registered by appropriate state or Federal agencies or both before they can be recommended. In all stages of their development, about 2,500 species of chewing lice are parasites of mammals or birds. While supplies last, single copies of this publication More than 500 species of blood-sucking lice attack may be obtained at no cost from Dr. O.H. Graham, only mammals. This publication emphasizes the most USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 969, Mission, TX 78572. Copies frequently seen genera and species of these lice, of this publication may be purchased from the National including geographic distribution, life history, habitats, Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, ecology, host-parasite relationships, and economic Springfield, VA 22161. -
List of 28 Orders, 129 Families, 598 Genera and 1121 Species in Mammal Images Library 31 December 2013
What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library LIST OF 28 ORDERS, 129 FAMILIES, 598 GENERA AND 1121 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 DECEMBER 2013 AFROSORICIDA (5 genera, 5 species) – golden moles and tenrecs CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus – Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 4. Tenrec ecaudatus – Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (83 genera, 142 species) – paraxonic (mostly even-toed) ungulates ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BOVIDAE (46 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Impala 3. Alcelaphus buselaphus - Hartebeest 4. Alcelaphus caama – Red Hartebeest 5. Ammotragus lervia - Barbary Sheep 6. Antidorcas marsupialis - Springbok 7. Antilope cervicapra – Blackbuck 8. Beatragus hunter – Hunter’s Hartebeest 9. Bison bison - American Bison 10. Bison bonasus - European Bison 11. Bos frontalis - Gaur 12. Bos javanicus - Banteng 13. Bos taurus -Auroch 14. Boselaphus tragocamelus - Nilgai 15. Bubalus bubalis - Water Buffalo 16. Bubalus depressicornis - Anoa 17. Bubalus quarlesi - Mountain Anoa 18. Budorcas taxicolor - Takin 19. Capra caucasica - Tur 20. Capra falconeri - Markhor 21. Capra hircus - Goat 22. Capra nubiana – Nubian Ibex 23. Capra pyrenaica – Spanish Ibex 24. Capricornis crispus – Japanese Serow 25. Cephalophus jentinki - Jentink's Duiker 26. Cephalophus natalensis – Red Duiker 1 What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library 27. Cephalophus niger – Black Duiker 28. Cephalophus rufilatus – Red-flanked Duiker 29. Cephalophus silvicultor - Yellow-backed Duiker 30. Cephalophus zebra - Zebra Duiker 31. Connochaetes gnou - Black Wildebeest 32. Connochaetes taurinus - Blue Wildebeest 33. Damaliscus korrigum – Topi 34. -
Primate Cards
#1 Agile Gibbon Hylobates agilis The agile gibbon, also known as the black- Distribution handed gibbon, is an Old World primate found in Indonesia on the island of Sumatra, Malaysia, and southern Thailand. They are an endangered species due to habitat destruction and the pet trade. They use their long arms to swing quickly from branch to branch (called “brachiating) and eat primarily fruit supplemented with leaves, flowers and insects. They live in monogamous pairs and raise their young for at least two years. #2 Allen's Swamp Monkey Allenopithecus nigroviridis Distribution The Allen's swamp monkey is an Old World primate that lives in swampy areas of central Africa. They can swim well, including diving to avoid danger from predators like raptors and snakes. Allen's swamp monkeys feed mostly on the ground and eat fruits, leaves, beetles and worms. They live together in large social groups of up to 40 individuals, and they communicate with each other using different calls, gestures and touches. They are hunted for their meat and are increasingly seen as household pets. #3 Angola Colobus Colobus angolensis The Angola colobus is an Old World primate that lives in rainforests along the Congo River in Distribution Burundi, Uganda, and parts of Kenya and Tanzania. They eat mostly leaves, supplemented with fruit and seeds. They are known as sloppy eaters, which together with their digestive system makes them important for seed dispersal. They live in groups of about 9 individuals, with a single dominant male and multiple females and their offspring. Females in the group are known to co-parent each others’ young, which are born completely white. -
For More Information... Some Examples of Ecologically Rare Species
EXAMPLES OF ECOLOGICALLY RARE SPECIES Global distribution and conservation status of ecologically rare mammal and bird species. Nicolas Loiseau*, Nicolas Mouquet*, Nicolas Casajus, Matthias Grenié, Maya Gueguen, Brian Maitner, David Mouillot, Annette Ostling, Julien Renaud, Caroline Tucker, Laure Velez, Wilfried Thuiller, Cyrille Violle. Nature Communications, [October 8, 2020]. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18779-w *Co-first authors. To assess ecological rarity, scientists from the FRB’s Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse de la Biodiversité (CESAB), CNRS research laboratories, Université Grenoble Alpes, and the University of Montpellier combined data available to the scientific community on the (i) geographical restrictiveness and the (ii) functional distinctiveness of animal species. A species is deemed ecologically rare if its geographic range is very limited and it has a unique ecological function. The ecological ‘role’ of species in their ecosystems is often indirectly deduced from their functional traits (e.g. size, diet, and lifestyle). The researchers hypothesized that the more unique the functional traits of a species, the more unique (and therefore less replaceable) its ecological role. The functional traits considered in this study were body mass, diet (e.g. fruits, insects, or detritus), foraging height (e.g. on the ground or in the trees), and activity cycle (i.e. diurnal or nocturnal). Ecologically rare mammals tend to be heftier, nocturnal, and consumers of fruits or invertebrates. Examples include bats and certain monkeys and lemurs. Ecologically rare birds mainly feed on fruit; nectar, as do hummingbirds; or fish, as do certain marine birds. Here we present some notable examples of ecologically rare species, including Macaca nigra (famous for having taken a selfie in 2014), the photogenic Leontocebus tripartitus and Callithrix flaviceps, and the ‘tree kangaroos’ Dendrolagus lumholtzi and Dendrolagus matschiei. -
1 Classification of Nonhuman Primates
BLBS036-Voevodin April 8, 2009 13:57 Part I: Introduction to Primatology and Virology COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL BLBS036-Voevodin April 8, 2009 13:57 BLBS036-Voevodin April 8, 2009 13:57 1 Classification of Nonhuman Primates 1.1 Introduction that the animals colloquially known as monkeys and 1.2 Classification and nomenclature of primates apes are primates. From the zoological standpoint, hu- 1.2.1 Higher primate taxa (suborder, infraorder, mans are also apes, although the use of this term is parvorder, superfamily) usually restricted to chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, 1.2.2 Molecular taxonomy and molecular and gibbons. identification of nonhuman primates 1.3 Old World monkeys 1.2. CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE 1.3.1 Guenons and allies OF PRIMATES 1.3.1.1 African green monkeys The classification of primates, as with any zoological 1.3.1.2 Other guenons classification, is a hierarchical system of taxa (singu- 1.3.2 Baboons and allies lar form—taxon). The primate taxa are ranked in the 1.3.2.1 Baboons and geladas following descending order: 1.3.2.2 Mandrills and drills 1.3.2.3 Mangabeys Order 1.3.3 Macaques Suborder 1.3.4 Colobines Infraorder 1.4 Apes Parvorder 1.4.1 Lesser apes (gibbons and siamangs) Superfamily 1.4.2 Great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and Family orangutans) Subfamily 1.5 New World monkeys Tribe 1.5.1 Marmosets and tamarins Genus 1.5.2 Capuchins, owl, and squirrel monkeys Species 1.5.3 Howlers, muriquis, spider, and woolly Subspecies monkeys Species is the “elementary unit” of biodiversity. -
Where's the Cookie? the Ability of Monkeys to Track Object Transpositions
Animal Cognition (2018) 21:603–611 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-018-1195-x ORIGINAL PAPER Where’s the cookie? The ability of monkeys to track object transpositions Katarzyna Majecka1 · Dariusz Pietraszewski2 Received: 29 January 2018 / Revised: 22 May 2018 / Accepted: 28 May 2018 / Published online: 1 June 2018 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Object permanence is the ability to represent mentally an object and follow its position even when it has disappeared from view. According to Piaget’s 6-stage scale of the sensorimotor period of development, it seems that object permanence appears in Stage 4 and fully develops in Stage 6. In this study, we investigated the ability of some species of monkeys (i.e. pig-tailed macaque, lion-tailed macaque, Celebes crested macaque, barbary macaque, De Brazza’s monkey, L’Hoest’s monkey, Allen’s swamp monkey, black crested mangabeys, collared mangabeys, Geoffroy’s spider monkey) to track the displacement of an object, which consisted of a reward hidden under one of two cups. Our findings showed that the examined subjects possess Stage 6 of object permanence. We then compared our results with data on apes and dogs participating in Rooijakkers et al. (Anim Cogn 12:789–796, 2009) experiment, where the same method was applied. The monkeys examined by us performed significantly better than the dogs but worse than the apes. In our experiment, the monkeys performed above chance level in all variants, but it should be noted that we observed significant differences in the number of correct choices according to the level of a variant’s complexity. -
Gorilla, Pongo, Hylobatidae and Macaca, Subdivided Into Three Developmental Stages: Infancy, Juvenility and Adulthood
Durham E-Theses Ontogeny and Adaptation: A Cross-Sectional Study of Primate Limb Elements NADELL, JASON,ALEXANDER How to cite: NADELL, JASON,ALEXANDER (2017) Ontogeny and Adaptation: A Cross-Sectional Study of Primate Limb Elements, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12504/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Ontogeny and Adaptation: A Cross-Sectional Study of Primate Limb Elements Jason Alexander Nadell A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology Durham University September 2017 Ontogeny and Adaptation: A Cross-Sectional Study of Primate Limb Elements Jason Alexander Nadell Abstract How primates achieve their adult skeletal form can be ascribed to two broad biological mechanisms: genetic inheritance, where morphological characters are regulated by an individual's phenotype over development; and plastic adaptation, where morphology responds to extrinsic factors engendered by the physical environment. -
Snapshots of Ecologically Rare Species
EXAMPLES OF ECOLOGICALLY RARE SPECIES Until October 8, 2020 at 5:00 US Eastern Time l 10:00 London Time l 11:00 Paris EMBARGOED time Global distribution and conservation status of ecologically rare mammal and bird species. Nicolas Loiseau*, Nicolas Mouquet*, Nicolas Casajus, Matthias Grenié, Maya Gueguen, Brian Maitner, David Mouillot, Annette Ostling, Julien Renaud, Caroline Tucker, Laure Velez, Wilfried Thuiller, Cyrille Violle. Nature Communications, [October 8, 2020]. DOI : 10.1038/s41467-020-18779-w*Co-first authors. To assess ecological rarity, scientists from the FRB’s Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse de la Biodiversité (CESAB), CNRS research laboratories, Université Grenoble Alpes, and the University of Montpellier combined data available to the scientific community on the (i) geographical restrictiveness and the (ii) functional distinctiveness of animal species. A species is deemed ecologically rare if its geographic range is very limited and it has a unique ecological function. The ecological ‘role’ of species in their ecosystems is often indirectly deduced from their functional traits (e.g. size, diet, and lifestyle). The researchers hypothesized that the more unique the functional traits of a species, the more unique (and therefore less replaceable) its ecological role. The functional traits considered in this study were body mass, diet (e.g. fruits, insects, or detritus), foraging height (e.g. on the ground or in the trees), and activity cycle (i.e. diurnal or nocturnal). Ecologically rare mammals tend to be heftier, nocturnal, and consumers of fruits or invertebrates. Examples include bats and certain monkeys and lemurs. Ecologically rare birds mainly feed on fruit; nectar, as do hummingbirds; or fish, as do certain marine birds. -
Comparative Morphology of the Primate Tongue
Annals of Anatomy 223 (2019) 19–31 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Annals of Anatomy jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat Invited Review Comparative morphology of the primate tongue a,b,∗ c d c Shin-ichi Iwasaki , Ken Yoshimura , Junji Shindo , Ikuo Kageyama a Department of Medical Technology and Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan b Professor emeritus, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo and Niigata, Japan c Department of Anatomy, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan d Laboratory of Wildlife Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: To clarify the role of the primate tongue as a means to better understand the evolution of oral function Received 16 November 2018 among primates – an example of adaptation within the restricted phylogenetic group - we review the Accepted 15 January 2019 morphological knowledge of the tongues of extant primates in relation to phylogenetic classification. Prosimians tongues are more effective than those of Haplorhini for taking up food with the tongue alone, Keywords: because they are capable of fine movement when outside the oral cavity. However, the role of the tongue Primate in food uptake has diminished when juxtaposed with progress in hand manipulation of food and tools Tongue in Haplorhini, especially with the manipulation of tools by Homininae. This change in the tongue from Lingual papillae prosimians to Homininae can be regarded as degeneration in food uptake by the tongue, although the Comparative anatomy functional role of the tongue within the oral cavity has not diminished. -
Wo 2008/119566 A2
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date PCT (10) International Publication Number 9 October 2008 (09.10.2008) WO 2008/119566 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: [DE/DE], Pognerstrasse 24, 81379 Munchen (DE) C07K 16/28 (2006 01) C07K 16/30 (2006 01) KISCHEL, Roman [DE/DE], Dr -Johann-Heitzer-Strasse C07K 14/725 (2006 01) C07K 16/32 (2006 01) 36, 85757 Karlsfeld (DE) STEIGER, Carola [DE/DE], C07K 16/46 (2006 01) C07K 16/42 (2006 01) Wendelsteinstrasse 26, 86316 Fπedberg (DE) LUTTER- BUSE, RaIf [DE/DE], Fhederstrasse 11, 82061 Neuπed (21) International Application Number: (DE) MAYER, Petra [DE/DE], Wertheimerstrasse 82, PCT/EP2008/002663 81243 Munchen (DE) SCHALLER, Evelyne [DE/DE], Tegernseer Landstrasse 8, 82054 Sauerlach (DE) HOFF¬ (22) International Filing Date: 3 Apπl 2008 (03 04 2008) MANN, Patrick [DE/DE], Hohenbirken 26b, 83670 Bad Heilbrunn (DE) STRASSER, Susanne [DE/DE], (25) Filing Language: English Hochfeldstrasse 22, 85088 Vohburg (DE) CIERPKA, Ronny [DE/DE], Alzstrasse 6, 81549 Munchen (DE) (26) Publication Language: English KUFER, Peter [DE/DE], Am Kapellenacker 13, 85368 Moosburg (DE) HAUSMANN, Susanne [DE/DE], Loes- (30) Priority Data: trasse 10, 85221 Dachau (DE) RIETHMULLER, Gert 07006990 1 3 Apπl 2007 (03 04 2007) EP [DE/DE], Finauerstrasse 12, 80805 Munchen (DE) 07006988 5 3 Apπl 2007 (03 04 2007) EP (74) Agent: VOSSIUS & PARTNER, Siebertstrasse 4, 81675 60/913,668