Printmaking Overview Agenda
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Flexographic Printing – High Throughput Technology for Fine Line Seed Layer Printing on Silicon Solar Cells
Presented at the 28th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 30 September – 04 October 2013, Paris, France FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING – HIGH THROUGHPUT TECHNOLOGY FOR FINE LINE SEED LAYER PRINTING ON SILICON SOLAR CELLS Andreas Lorenz1, Andre Kalio1, Gunter Tobias Hofmeister1, Sebastian Nold1, Lorenz Friedrich1, Achim Kraft1, Jonas Bartsch1, Dietmar Wolf2, Martin Dreher2, Florian Clement1, Daniel Biro1 1Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany 2Deutschsprachiges Flexodruck-Technologiezentrum DFTA-TZ, Nobelstraße 10, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany Phone: +49 761 4588 5299, email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Within this work, seed layer grids for solar cell front side metallization were applied using flexographic printing which represents an innovative, high-throughput approach for solar cell front side metallization. Fine line seed layer contact grids with a silver consumption lower than 10 mg per cell could be realized on alkaline textured Czochralski-grown silicon wafers with an edge length of 156 mm. Subsequently, the seed layer has been reinforced with silver using light induced plating (LIP). In order to determine the optimum LIP process, three groups were plated with different amounts of silver deposition. The results were analyzed before and after plating regarding silver consumption, contact finger geometry and interruptions. Solar cell parameters were determined after plating. It was demonstrated, that a homogeneous front side seed layer metallization without interruptions down to a line width of 25 µm can be realized using flexographic printing. The best cell reached a conversion efficiency of 18 % after silver LIP which is comparable to standard screen printed cells on the used Si wafer material. -
Image Carrier Poster
55899-11_MOP_nwsltr_poster_Winter11_v2_Layout 1 2/11/11 2:25 PM Page 1 The Museum of Printing, North Andover, MA and the Image Carrier www.museumofprinting.org Relief printing Wood cuts and wood engravings pre-dated moveable type. Called “xylographic printing,” it was used before Gutenberg for illustrations, playing cards, and small documents. Moveable type allowed corrections and editing. A wood engraving uses the end grain, where a wood cut uses the plank grain. Polymer plates are made from digital files which drive special engraving machines to produce relief plates. These plates are popular with many of today’s letterpress printers who produce invitations, and collectible prints. Metal relief cylinders were used to print repetitive designs, such as those on wrap - ping paper and wall paper. In the 1930s, the invention of cellophane led to the development of the anilox roller and flexographic printing. Today, flexography prints most of the flexible packaging film which accounts for about half of all packaged products. Hobbyists, artists, and printmakers cut away non-printing areas on sheets of linoleum to create relief surfaces. Wood cut Wood engraving and Metal plate Relief cylinder Flexographic plate Linoleum cut Foundry type began with Gutenberg and evolved through Jenson, Garamond, Moveable type Caslon and many others. Garamond was the first printer to cast type that was sold to other printers. By the 1880s there were almost 80 foundries in the U.S. One newspaper could keep one foundry in business. Machine typesetting changed the status quo and the Linotype had an almost immediate effect on type foundries. Twenty-three foundries formed American Type Founders in 1890. -
Other Printing Methods
FLEXO vs. OTHER PRINTING METHODS Web: www.luminite.com Phone: 888-545-2270 As the printing industry moves forward into 2020 and beyond, let’s take a fresh look at the technology available, how flexo has changed to meet consumer demand, and how 5 other popular printing methods compare. CONTENTS ● A History of Flexo Printing ● How Flexo Printing Works ● How Litho Printing Works ● How Digital Printing Works ● How Gravure Printing Works ● How Offset Printing Works ● What is Screen Printing? ● Corrugated Printing Considerations ● Flexo Hybrid Presses ● Ready to Get Started with Flexo? 2 A History of Flexo Printing The basic process of flexography dates back to the late 19th century. It was not nearly as refined, precise, or versatile as the flexo process today -- and can be best described as a high-tech method of rubber stamping. Printing capabilities were limited to very basic materials and designs, with other printing methods greatly outshining flexo. Over the past few decades flexo technology has continuously evolved. This is largely thanks to the integration of Direct Laser Engraving technology, advancements in image carrier materials, and in press technologies. These innovations, among others, have led to increased quality and precision in flexo products. These technological improvements have positioned flexography at the helm of consumer product and flexible packaging printing. Flexo is growing in popularity in a variety of other industries, too, including medical and pharmaceutical; school, home, and office products; and even publishing. How Flexo Printing Works Flexo typically utilizes an elastomer or polymer image carrier such as sleeves, cylinders, and plates. The image carrier is engraved or imaged to create the design for the final desired product. -
Printing Industry Is the Large Proportion of Very Small Firms
The printing sector is a diversified industry sector composed of firms who perform printing as well as firms who render services for the printing trade, such as platemaking and bookbinding. One of the most significant characteristics of the printing industry is the large proportion of very small firms. The Census Bureau reported that in 2002 nearly half of the 37,538 printing companies had fewer than five employees; approximately 80 percent employed fewer than 20 workers. Processes used in printing include a variety of methods used to transfer an image from a plate, screen, film, or computer file to some medium, such as paper, plastics, metal, textile articles, or wood. The most prominent of these methods is to transfer the image from a plate or screen to the medium (lithographic, gravure, screen, and flexographic printing). A rapidly growing new technology uses a computer file to directly "drive" the printing mechanism to create the image and new electrostatic and other types of equipment (digital or nonimpact printing). Four Main Segments The printing industry can be separated into four main segments: Lithography Flexography Gravure Screen printing Lithography Lithography is a planographic printing system where the image and non-image areas are chemically differentiated with the image area being oil receptive and non-image area water receptive. Ink film from the lithographic plate is transferred to an intermediary surface called a blanket, which, in turn, transfers the ink film to the substrate. Fountain solution is applied to maintain the hydrophilic properties of the non-image area. Ink drying is divided into heatset and non- heatset. -
Printmaking for Graphic Design Students in the Age of the Digital Screen: an Art, a Craft Or a Creative Intersection
Arts and Design Studies www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-6061 (Paper) ISSN 2225-059X (Online) Vol.66, 2018 Printmaking for Graphic Design Students in the Age of the Digital Screen: An Art, a Craft or a Creative Intersection Dr Debra Livingston School of Communication and Creative Industries, University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia 4556 Abstract This article discusses the research, exploration, practice and positive impact on student learning outcomes of a ‘Blended Learning’ initiative printmaking project course that was introduced into a digital platform-based graphic design program. Printmaking is the transference of an artwork via various means onto the surface of a substrate, mainly paper, involving media, technologies and crafts that are distinctly different to the digital platform. The pedagogical learning methods involved practice led-research where students explored various printmaking forms whilst developing creative works in these mediums. This practicum initiative for design students that do not have traditional art practices within their program structure was important as it furthers their education whilst developing a number of important personal qualities, particularly those of initiative, perseverance and self- reliance. Importantly, these traditional skills broadened their interplay and understanding between visual arts, the craft of printmaking with conventional and digital technical skills, resulting in a dynamic body of work for their portfolio. The course and following offerings included the conversion of their handcrafted work onto a digital platform into actual design outcomes, thus providing a clear link between the handcrafting and digital technology. Graphic design students completing the printmaking course embraced the opportunity to draw methods from cross‐ disciplinary pursuits to compliment and extend their knowledge and to support fresh, contemporary ideas in which to contribute to their various major design studies. -
I. INTRODUCTION and BACKGROUND the Printing Industry Is One of the Largest Manufacturing Industries in the United States
I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND The printing industry is one of the largest manufacturing industries in the United States. The industry is dominated by small and medium-sized businesses, most of them with fewer than 20 employees. In 2002, according to the Bureau of Census, approximately 83 percent of the screen printing industry was comprised of small businesses. The Info USA Power Business Database estimates the number of screen printers in 2002 in the U.S. at 16,341. California has 1,886 screen printing establishments. Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions from solvent cleaning operations contribute significantly to the South Coast Air Basin’s emission inventory. The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD or District) periodically adopts an Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP). This AQMP calls for significant reductions in VOC emissions from cleaning and degreasing operations by 2010 to achieve attainment status. The SCAQMD regulates VOC emissions from businesses located in the four county area including Los Angeles County, Orange County, San Bernardino County and Riverside County. One of the SCAQMD rules, Rule 1171 “Solvent Cleaning Operations,” regulates the VOC content of screen printing cleanup solvents. The VOC content of screen printing cleanup solvents is currently set at 500 grams per liter. The District plans to reduce the allowed VOC content to 100 grams per liter on July 1, 2006. Lowering the VOC content to 100 grams per liter would reduce emissions of these solvents by about 1.3 tons per day. By July 1, 2006, screen printers in southern California must convert to alternative low-VOC cleanup materials. -
Introduction to Printing Technologies
Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Introduction to Printing Technologies Study Material for Students : Introduction to Printing Technologies CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN MEDIA WORLD Mass communication and Journalism is institutionalized and source specific. Itfunctions through well-organized professionals and has an ever increasing interlace. Mass media has a global availability and it has converted the whole world in to a global village. A qualified journalism professional can take up a job of educating, entertaining, informing, persuading, interpreting, and guiding. Working in print media offers the opportunities to be a news reporter, news presenter, an editor, a feature writer, a photojournalist, etc. Electronic media offers great opportunities of being a news reporter, news editor, newsreader, programme host, interviewer, cameraman,Edited with theproducer, trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor director, etc. To remove this notice, visit: www.foxitsoftware.com/shopping Other titles of Mass Communication and Journalism professionals are script writer, production assistant, technical director, floor manager, lighting director, scenic director, coordinator, creative director, advertiser, media planner, media consultant, public relation officer, counselor, front office executive, event manager and others. 2 : Introduction to Printing Technologies INTRODUCTION The book introduces the students to fundamentals of printing. Today printing technology is a part of our everyday life. It is all around us. T h e history and origin of printing technology are also discussed in the book. Students of mass communication will also learn about t h e different types of printing and typography in this book. The book will also make a comparison between Traditional Printing Vs Modern Typography. -
Progress in Printing and the Graphic Arts During the Victorian
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Ik Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924032192373 Sir G. Hayter, R./l. Bet* Majesty Queen Tictorta in Coronation Robes. : progress in printing and the 6raphic Hrts during the Victorian Gra. "i BY John Southward, Author of "Practical Printing"; "Modern Printing"; "The Principles and Progress of Printing Machinery"; the Treatise on "Modern Typography" in the " EncyclopEedia Britannica" Cgtii Edition); "Printing" and "Types" in "Chambers's Encyclopaedia" (New Edition); "Printing" in "Cassell's Storehouse of General Information"; "Lessons on Printing" in Cassell's New Technical Educator," &c. &c. LONDON SiMPKiN, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. Ltd. 1897. X^he whole of the Roman Cypc in tbta Booh has been set up by the Linotj^pe Composing Machine, and machined direct from the Linotj'pc Bars by 6eo. CH. loncs, Saint Bride Rouse, Dean Street, fetter Lane, London, e.C. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ W Contents. ^^ Progress in Jobbing Printing Chapter I. Progress in Newspaper Printing Chapter II. Progress in Book Printing - Chapter III. Printing by Hand Press Chapter IV. Printing by Power Press Chapter V. The Art of the Compositor Chapter VI. Type-Founding Chapter VII. Stereotyping and Electrotyping Chapter VIII. Process Blocks Chapter IX. Ink Manufacture Chapter X. Paper-Making Chapter XI. Description of the Illustrations Chapter XII. ^pj progress in printing peculiarity about it It is not paid for by the person who is to become its possessor. -
Radial Designs
SUNSET REFLECTIONS Printmaking Lesson Printmaking: An art form consisting of the reproduction of images •Wood Cut • Lithography •Linocut • Screen Print •Etching • Digital Print •Engraving • Transfer •Monotype • The oldest printmaking technique, woodcut involves carving an image into a wooden surface, which is then inked and printed— leaving the carved-out image in negative, as well as occasional traces of the wood’s grain. • A more modern analog to woodcut, linocuts are made using linoleum; the softness of the material allows for cleaner, freer, and more fluid lines. LINOCUT ETCHING • To create an etching, artists incise (“draw”) a composition onto a leaves the wax intact, so that when the plate is in wax-coated metal plate, then soak the entire plate in acid. The acid corrodes the exposed lines and ked and pressed, the paper absorbs the image in reverse. MONOTYPE • Unlike most other printmaking techniques, this process produces unique editions. Artists draw, paint, or otherwise manipulate ink or paint to create a composition on a smooth surface, which is then produced in reverse when applied to a ground support. ENGRAVING • A less forgiving version of etching (mastered by Dürer), in this process artists incise their image directly onto a metal plate, which is then inked and printed. LITHOGRAPHY • Generally seen as the most difficult printmaking method, lithography involves drawing directly on flat surface (usually stone) with an oil-based implement, then coating it with a water-based liquid. When oil-based ink is applied it’s repelled by the water, inking in just the image and allowing it to be transferred onto a paper ground. -
THE ARTIST's PRINT AS a STRATEGY for SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT Bess Frimodig a Thesis Submitted in Partial F
AN HONOURABLE PRACTICE: THE ARTIST’S PRINT AS A STRATEGY FOR SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT Bess Frimodig A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of the West of England, Bristol for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Arts, Creative Industries and Education University of the West of England, Bristol April 2014 Volume I 0 List of Illustrations Fig.3. Fukuzoku Koto Gakko High School Year Book, Kanazawa, Japan 1980 Plate I. She Still Rules Plate II. Twente Identity Robe Plate V. Stand Up To Hatred: Wall of Resistance Plate VI. To Let Plate VII. Mapping The Longest Print 1 CONTENTS Pg.4 AUTHOR DECLARATION Pg.5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Pg.6 ABSTRACT Pg.7 INTRODUCTION Pg.8 The dilemma Pg.10 Research Question Pg.10 Aims and Objectives Pg.10 Development of the research and its rationale Pg.12 Methodology Pg.14 Outline Pg.16 CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND Pg.17 Personal Context Pg.22 The Social Role of Art – A Debate Pg.27 Why print? Pg.27 History of Print Pg.35 Literature of Print – Texts, Websites and Blogs Pg.49 The Way Forward: The Individual Artist and Entering the Collective Pg.49 Models of practice Pg.58 Guiding principles Pg.59 CHAPTER TWO: CASE STUDIES Pg.60 CS1 Black History Month Pg.61 Introduction Pg.61 Aims and Objectives Pg.62 Context Pg.62 The Print Pg.63 Evaluation Pg.66 Conclusion Pg.67 The Way Forward Pg.68 CS2 AKI Twente Identity Robe Pg.69 Introduction Pg.69 Aims and Objectives Pg.70 Context Pg.70 The Print Pg.73 Evaluation Pg.74 Conclusion Pg.75 The Way Forward Pg.76 CS3 Stand up to Hatred: Wall of Resistance -
Vol. 15, No. 1 January 2011 You Can’T Buy It
ABSOLUTELY FREE Vol. 15, No. 1 January 2011 You Can’t Buy It Since we are now going back to color in our new online version, we thought we’d revisit some of our color covers from the three years we did color. JonathanJonathan GreenGreen BeachBeach TwinsTwins AcrylicAcrylic 10.2510.25 xx 14.2514.25 inchesinches RedRed LipsLips AcrylicAcrylic 10.2510.25 xx 14.2514.25 inchesinches SmallSmall WorksWorks ShowShow For additional information contact the gallery at 843•842•4433 or to view complete exhibition www.morris-whiteside.cowww.morris-whiteside.comm Morris & Whiteside Galleries 220 Cordillo Parkway • Hilton Head Island • South Carolina • 29928 • 843.842.4433 Page 2 - Carolina Arts, January 2011 thought they couldn’t afford to advertise at Carolina Arts, is published monthly by Shoestring Publishing our old prices. Rates for advertising are quite Company, a subsidiary of PSMG, Inc. Copyright© 2011 by by Tom Starland, Editor and Publisher PSMG Inc. It also publishes the blog Carolina Arts Unleashed Editorial reduced. Some folks will see their monthly bill and Carolina Arts News, Copyright© 2011 by PSMG, Inc. All rights reserved by PSMG, Inc. or by the authors of articles. for ads go down drastically, while others have Reproduction or use without written permission is strictly jumped their ads up in size, while still paying prohibited. Carolina Arts is available online at (www.CarolinaArts. less than they were. And, new advertisers have com). Mailing address: P.O. Drawer 427, Bonneau, SC 29431. Telephone: 843/825-3408 COMMENTARY come on board as we reached out to folks who E-mail at: ([email protected]) and on the web Something New for Carolina Arts not continue to support that, but now, we will have been sending us press releases. -
An Access-Dictionary of Internationalist High Tech Latinate English
An Access-Dictionary of Internationalist High Tech Latinate English Excerpted from Word Power, Public Speaking Confidence, and Dictionary-Based Learning, Copyright © 2007 by Robert Oliphant, columnist, Education News Author of The Latin-Old English Glossary in British Museum MS 3376 (Mouton, 1966) and A Piano for Mrs. Cimino (Prentice Hall, 1980) INTRODUCTION Strictly speaking, this is simply a list of technical terms: 30,680 of them presented in an alphabetical sequence of 52 professional subject fields ranging from Aeronautics to Zoology. Practically considered, though, every item on the list can be quickly accessed in the Random House Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary (RHU), updated second edition of 2007, or in its CD – ROM WordGenius® version. So what’s here is actually an in-depth learning tool for mastering the basic vocabularies of what today can fairly be called American-Pronunciation Internationalist High Tech Latinate English. Dictionary authority. This list, by virtue of its dictionary link, has far more authority than a conventional professional-subject glossary, even the one offered online by the University of Maryland Medical Center. American dictionaries, after all, have always assigned their technical terms to professional experts in specific fields, identified those experts in print, and in effect held them responsible for the accuracy and comprehensiveness of each entry. Even more important, the entries themselves offer learners a complete sketch of each target word (headword). Memorization. For professionals, memorization is a basic career requirement. Any physician will tell you how much of it is called for in medical school and how hard it is, thanks to thousands of strange, exotic shapes like <myocardium> that have to be taken apart in the mind and reassembled like pieces of an unpronounceable jigsaw puzzle.