På Resa Genom Turistbroschyrernas Småland

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På Resa Genom Turistbroschyrernas Småland _____________________________________________________ Turismprogrammet _____________________________________________________ På resa genom turistbroschyrernas Småland Annika Källberg C-uppsats, Kulturgeografi, 15 hp Handledare: Tom Mels, Elisabeth Brandin Högskolan i Kalmar Humanvetenskapliga institutionen Höstterminen 2007 Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze how places can be marketed through tourism brochures. The study is based on a discourse analysis and texts and pictures from three brochures, which come from the region of Småland in Sweden, have been analyzed. The first brochure is from Visit Småland, the second from Vetlanda municipality and the third from Värnamo municipality. With the rise of globalization one of the consequences has been the increased opportunity for tourists to visit places all over the world, which also resulted in a greater competition between places than before. One reaction to this has been the increased marketing of each place unique characteristics in the tourist brochures. To define a place and write texts about a place is hard, because a place consists of human beings and relations which are not static. This means that it is complicated to give the whole picture of a place in a brochure and therefore the producers make a selection of which pictures and texts that should be presented in the brochures. Further on are not all the characteristics of the place attractive, and spots and attractions are therefore being excluded. The question this study examines is what kind of selections that have been made in the brochures from Småland. The analysis showed that the primal subject that all three brochures deal with is the nature. Further on all of them contains information about the places history, the charming little towns, the people, the spirit of the entrepreneurs, and the magical touch of Småland. On of the conclusions, is that the nature is used to attract the tourists, and by the descriptions of the nature it becomes commercialized. Additional there is an inconsistency from the producers, because attractions from outside the geographical region are being presented in the brochures, probably in order to make the actual place even more attractive. The last conclusion made is that there is not only one discourse about Småland. In the brochures there are plenty different descriptions, and all together the brochures are also just one way of talking of Småland as a place. 2 Innehållsförteckning 1 Turistbroschyrernas Småland............................................................................. 4 1.1 Syfte ................................................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Frågeställning................................................................................................................... 6 2 Diskursanalys som metod................................................................................... 6 2.1 Kvalitativ diskursanalys ................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Källor - urval och kritik.................................................................................................... 8 3 Platsmarknadsföring........................................................................................... 9 3.1 Introduktion till platsbegreppet ........................................................................................ 9 3.2 Platsmarknadsföring och turismbroschyrer.................................................................... 10 4 Platsmarknadsföring av Småland..................................................................... 14 4.1 Småland – Här är det gott att leva.................................................................................. 14 4.1.1 Naturen.................................................................................................................... 16 4.1.2 Trolskhet och sagokänsla ........................................................................................ 18 4.1.3 Staden...................................................................................................................... 20 4.1.4 Historiskt perspektiv ............................................................................................... 21 4.1.5 Smålänningen.......................................................................................................... 21 4.1.6 Småland en plats för familjer och andra målgrupper .............................................. 23 4.1.7 Kartor ...................................................................................................................... 25 4.2 Vetlanda och Värnamo................................................................................................... 26 4.2.1 Naturen och landsbygdens lugn .............................................................................. 27 4.2.2 De charmiga småstäderna........................................................................................ 29 4.2.3 Historiska vingslag.................................................................................................. 30 4.2.4 Kända ansikten i Vetlanda....................................................................................... 32 4.2.5 De vänliga och öppna entreprenörerna från Värnamo ............................................ 33 4.2.6 Kartor ...................................................................................................................... 34 5 Småland – ett landskap, många identiteter....................................................... 35 Sammanfattning Referenser Bilaga 1: Frågor till texten och bilderna Tillstånd att publicera bilder har givits av Visit Småland, Värnamo Turism och Vetlanda turistbyrå. 3 1 Turistbroschyrernas Småland Trolska skogar, blommande ängar och maffiga gärdsgårdar. Tusentals sjöar. Lika många öar, faktiskt. Vi har massor av svampstigar, vi har älgar och vi bjuder på en ren och frisk natur. Men framförallt så bjuder vi på oss själva.1 Idag har människor stor medvetenhet om platser som de själva inte bor på. Anledningen till detta är den representation av platser som sker via exempelvis tv, film, Internet, tidningar och broschyrer.2 Med hjälp av orden i det ovanstående citatet hälsas turister välkomna till Småland, då de är de inledande orden i Visit Smålands turistbroschyr 2007. Att representera en plats i en turistbroschyr, som Visit Småland gör, är ett led i marknadsföring av platsen. En övergripande definition på vad en turistbroschyr är skulle kunna vara följande: A brochure is a form of a printed promotional material designed to communicate with existing or potential tourists. 3 En turistbroschyr har generellt som uppgift att upplysa turister om de grundstenar som turismprodukten består av, nämligen vad som finns att se och uppleva, vilken typ av aktiviteter som erbjuds och var möjlighet för boende och mat finns.4 Vidare brukar broschyrer av detta slag också ge en generell bild av den plats som beskrivs och vilka karakteristiska den har. Ett motiv för kommuner och regioner när de skapar sina broschyrer är en önskan om att lyckas få turisten intresserad av platsen, så den sedan besöker den. När turisten väl kommer dit, finns en önskan om att turisten ska spendera sina pengar på olika aktiviteter, mat och boende, vilket i sin tur genererar ökad inkomst till platsen. Resultatet tenderar då bli broschyrer som förskönar platserna, eller i alla fall enbart lyfter fram det positiva med platserna, för att verka så attraktiva som möjligt. Att vi idag lever i en värld präglad av ökad globalisering och informationsteknik är ett faktum. Detta har fått konsekvenser för vilken betydelse en plats har. Platsen har blivit utsatt för konkurrens och ökad mobilitet, med anledning av att utbudet av transportmedel har förbättrats vilket gör att det går snabbt att röra sig mellan världens olika platser. Ytterligare en 1 Smålands Turism AB & Södra Smålands turistråd (2007) s. 3 2 Winchetser, H., Kong, L., Dunn, K. (2003) s. 5 3 Esteban, Á. & Moloina, A. (2006) s. 1041 4 Blom, T. (2004) s. 9 4 anledning är den flexibilitet som uppstått där Castells menar att informationsteknologin möjliggör att ekonomisk verksamhet kan lokaliseras var som helst i världen där tekniktillgången finns.5 Vidare menar Poon att vi nu lever i en era av så kallad ny turism. Denna nya turism innebär ett mer individuellt resande, där turisten är mer flexibel och önskar att få vara med om mer unika upplevelser.6 Sammantaget har en konsekvens blivit det intensifierade behovet för varje plats att marknadsföra dess unika karaktärsdrag, så den kan åtskiljas från andra platser i världen och på så sätt locka till sig turister. 7 Att bilderna som återges är selekterade av dem som gjort broschyrerna är ett faktum, och i detta kan en maktrelation skönjas. Detta genom att organisationerna som producerar broschyrerna har makten att bestämma vilka bilder av platsen det är som ska visas, och därmed också makt att utesluta bilder. Jag frågar mig i denna uppsats hur platser presenteras i turistbroschyrer och jag har valt att studera det svenska landskapet Småland. Landskapet inbegriper Jönköping, Kalmar, och Kronobergs län och är varierat och omfattar alltifrån kustband till högland, skogar, landsbygd och städer. 8 Visit Smålands turistbroschyr 2007 som citerades i inledningen av denna uppsats, utges av Södra Smålands turistråd och Smålands Turism. Dessa organisationer befinner sig i Kronoberg och Jönköpings län, och därmed är
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