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Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida: Dysideidae) from Korea

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Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida: Dysideidae) from Korea Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Vol. 36, No. 2: 143-153, April 2020 https://doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2020.36.2.008 Review article Six New Species of Two Genera Dysidea and Pleraplysilla (Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida: Dysideidae) from Korea Dong Won Kang1,*, Kyung Jin Lee2, Chung Ja Sim3 1National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea 2National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea 3Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Korea ABSTRACT Six new species of two genera Dysidea and Pleraplysilla (Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida: Dysideidae) are described from Jejudo Island, Dokdo Island and Guryongpo, Korea. Among them, five new species of the genus Dysidea are compared with other reported species in fibres structure, cored detritus and fibres arrangement. Dysidea niveus n. sp. is characterized by thin collagenous plate-like fibres. Dysidea dokdoensis n. sp. is similar to D. geomunensis Kim et al., 2020 in skeletal structure, but differs in length of surface conules. Dysidea hydra n. sp. is similar to D. mureungensis Kim et al., 2020 at the surface, but differs in fibres cored with spicules. Dysidea sabulum n. sp. is similar to D. glavea Kim et al., 2020 in cored large sands in fibres, but differs in having numerous large sands cored in fibres throughout the sponge. Dysidea hirsuta n. sp. is unique, only surface fibres cored with large sands but not in choanosome. A new species of genus Pleraplysilla, P. flabellum n. sp. is compared with seven other reported species. This new species is not encrusting but has a thick flabellate shape. Keywords: new species, Dysidea, Pleraplysilla, Dysideidae, Korea INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS The genus Dysidea in family Dysideidae was reported to Sponge collections were made from Jejudo Island, Dokdo have over 70 species in the world. This genus is character- Island and Guryongpo, Korea. They were collected from ized by the primary and secondary fibres that are all cored intertidal zone to the depth of 5-20 m using SCUBA during with detritus (Von Lendenfeld, 1886, 1889; De Laubenfels, 2016-2019. Collected specimens preserved in 95% ethyl al- 1936; Bergquist, 1965, 1995; Hoshino, 1985; Lehnert and cohol, were identified based on their morphological charac- Van Soest, 1998; Lee and Sim, 2007; Van Soest et al., 2019; teristics. The external feature of sponges was observed with Kim et al., 2020). Among them five species were reported stereo microscope (Discovery V8, Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, from Korea (Lee and Sim, 2007; Kim et al., 2020). Topsent Germany). The skeletal fibres were studied under a light (1905) erected genus Pleraplysilla for P. minchini, a thin microscope (Axioskop II, Carl Zeiss). The type specimens encrusting sponge. Genus Pleraplysilla is characterized by were deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea simple fibres, branching only once or twice but in thicker (MABIK), Seocheon, Korea. specimen branching more frequently. All fibres of this genus have an axial cored with sand grains (Bergquist, 1980). Sev- en species were reported worldwide (Schulze, 1879; Polé- SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS jaeff, 1884; Hentschel, 1912; George and Wilson, 1919; De Laubenfels, 1950; Van Soest, 1978; Maldonado and Uriz, Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836 1999). This genus is reported for the first time from Korea. Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1885 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative *To whom correspondence should be addressed Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ Tel: 82-41-950-0814, Fax: 82-41-950-0811 licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, E-mail: [email protected] and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. eISSN 2234-8190 Copyright The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology Dong Won Kang, Kyung Jin Lee, Chung Ja Sim Order Dictyoceratida Minchin, 1900 Material examined. Korea: Jeju-do: Jeju-si, Gujwa-eup, Family Dysideidae Gray, 1867 Pyeongdae-ri, 26 Feb 2019, intertidal zone, rocky substrate, Genus Dysidea Johnston, 1842 depth 5 m, MABIK IV00168261. Description. Thick encrusting, plate-like sponge, size up to 1*Dysidea niveus n. sp. (Fig. 1) 3.5×2 ×1.5 cm. Surface smooth, covered with perforated thin membrane. Oscules open on surface, 0.5-3 mm in di- Material examined. Korea: Jeju-do: Jeju-si, Gujwa-eup, ameter. Color in life, ivory. Texture soft and compressible. Pyeongdae-ri, 8 Aug 2018, intertidal zone, rocky substrate, Skeleton. Skeletal fibres mostly cored with spicules but depth 5 m, MABIKIV00168259. partly primary fibres cored with sands. Primary fibres, cored Description. Thick encrusting, small mass sponge, size up with spicules densely, 100-150 μm in diameter. Secondary to 3×2×1.5 cm. Surface smooth, covered with collagenous fibres, rarely cored with spicules, 30-60-100 μm in diame- membrane with numerous large opening (Fig. 1D) and short ter. Some primary fibres cored with hydrozoan colony (Fig. conules arranged wide and loose. Oscules open on surface, 4C). Primary fibres of near surface conules cored with sands 1 mm in diameter. Color in life, white. Texture firm and (Fig. 5E). compressible. Etymology. The species name, hydra, is named after the Skeleton. All fibres thin, and translucent (Fig. 1E-H). Skel- primary fibres cored with hydrozoan colony. etal fibres are very loosely arranged and rarely cored. Pri- Remarks. This new species is similar to Dysidea mureun- mary fibres, 150-200 μm in diameter. Secondary fibres, 100 gensis Kim et al., 2020 at the surface, but differs in fibres μm in diameter. cored with detritus. This new species mostly fibres cored Etymology. The species name, niveus, is named after the with spicules. white color of sponge. Remarks. The fibres of this sponge are very thin and trans- 4*Dysidea sabulum n. sp. (Fig. 6) lucent and rarely cored with detritus. Material examined. Korea: Jeju-do: Jeju-si, Gujwa-eup, 2*Dysidea dokdoensis n. sp. (Figs. 2, 3) Pyeongdae-ri, 26 Feb 2019, intertidal zone, rocky substrate, depth 5 m, MABIK IV00168262. Material examined. Korea: Gyeongsangbuk-do: Ulleung- Description. Thick encrusting, small mass sponge, size up gun, Ulleung-eup, Dokdo-ri, 12 May 2018, SCUBA diving, to 4.5×2 ×0.8 cm. Surface, covered with thick pigmented depth 15 m, collected by Kim HJ, MABIK IV00168260. membrane, with other green color sponges attached. Fibres Description. Thick encrusting, small mass sponge, size up which come out on surface, cored with fine sands. Numer- to 3×3.5×1 cm. Surface smooth, covered with thick pig- ous oscules open on surface, 0.4-1 mm in diameter. Color in mented membrane and short conules. Several oscules open life, dark purple. Texture soft and compressible. on surface, 1-4 mm in diameter. Color in life, purple. Tex- Skeleton. Primary fibres, dense cored with large sands, ture soft and compressible. 150-200 μm in diameter. Secondary fibres, 40-100 μm in Skeleton. Fibres cored with well mixed sands and spicules, diameter, very short and rarely cored with broken spicules. but partly cored with spicules with membrane. Primary fi- Several short bridged secondary fibres tightly cored with bres cored densely with sands and spicules, 150-200 μm large sands (Fig. 6E, F). in diameter (Fig. 2H). Secondary fibres, partly ladder-like Etymology. The species name, sabulum, is named after the form, cored rarely with sands or spicules, 30-50 μm in di- fibres cored with numerous large sands. ameter. Remarks. This new species is very unique, its fibres cored Etymology. The species name, dokdoensis, is named after a with large sands like genus Psammocinia, but this new spe- locality, Dokdo, Korea. cies has not filaments. Remarks. This new species is similar to Dysidea geomun- ensis Kim et al., 2020 in skeletal structure, but differs in 5*Dysidea hirsuta n. sp. (Fig. 7) length of surface conules. This new species has short sur- face conules. Material examined. Korea: Jeju-do: Jeju-si, Gujwa-eup, Pyeongdae-ri, 26 Apr 2016, intertidal zone, rocky substrate, 3*Dysidea hydra n. sp. (Figs. 4, 5) depth 5 m, MABIK IV00168263. Korean name: 1*흰색디시디해면 (신칭), 2*독도디시디해면 (신칭), 3*히드라디시디해면 (신칭), 4*큰모래디시디해면 (신칭), 5*거친디시디해면 (신칭) 144 Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 36(2), 143-153 Six New Species of Dysidea and Pleraplysilla from Korea A B C D E F G H Fig. 1. Dysidea niveus n. sp. A, External morphology; B, Loose skeletal structure; C, Rarely cored wide skeletal fibres; D, Surface perforated membrane; E, Thin wide translucent fibres; F, Cored primary fibres; G, Very rarely cored secondary fibres; H, Rarely cored primary fibres. Scale bars: A=5 mm, B=200 μm, C-H=100 μm. Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 36(2), 143-153 145 Dong Won Kang, Kyung Jin Lee, Chung Ja Sim A B C D E F G H Fig. 2. Dysidea dokdoensis n. sp. A, External morphology; B, Skeletal structure; C, Surface membrane with fibres; D, Skeletal structure; E, F, Rarely cored secondary fibres; G, Rare cored secondary fibres; H, primary fibres cored with sands and spicules. Scale bars: A=5 mm, B=200 μm, C-G=100 μm, H=50 μm. 146 Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 36(2), 143-153 Six New Species of Dysidea and Pleraplysilla from Korea A B Fig. 3. Dysidea dokdoensis n. sp. A, Partly spicules cored fibres with membrane; B, Fibres cored with sands at near conules. Scale bars: A, B=100 μm. A B C D E F Fig. 4. Dysidea hydra n. sp. A, External morphology; B, Structure; C, Surface primary fibres cored with hydra; D, Rarely cored pri- mary and secondary fibres; E, F, Primary cored with spicules. Scale bars: A=5 mm, B=200 μm, C–F=100 μm. Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 36(2), 143-153 147 Dong Won Kang, Kyung Jin Lee, Chung Ja Sim A B C D E F G H Fig.
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