Falkland Islands Newsletter

PPublishedublished bbyy TThehe FFalklandalkland IIslandsslands AAssociationssociation www.www.fi aassociation.comssociation.com

NNoo 111515 OctoberOctober 22018018

ppeopleeople eeventsvents ppoliticsolitics ssportport nnewsews 1 1 Falkland Islands editorial Association Newsletter by FIA Chairman Alan Huckle Published by: The Falkland Islands Association, Falkland House, ARGENTINA is in a real mess, politically and economically. London President Macri was elected in 2015 promising a return to a business-led, free market SW1H OBH economy. But his economic reforms, despite a good start, have not created the jobs required to offset the impact of the budgetary savings that he has imposed – and, despite Tel 020 3764 0824 recourse to the IMF for a US$50 billion stand-by arrangement, investor confi dence has honseci [email protected] plummeted. ISSN 0262-9399 To an extent, Macri has been hit by external factors – a stronger US dollar making debt repayments more expensive; action by the US Federal Reserve Bank to raise interest Edited by: rates attracting investors away from developing markets; and one of the worst droughts Lisa Watson in many years seriously affecting the level of agricultural exports. But for the average Stanley Argentine worker, struggling against rising prices and the loss of state utility subsidies, Falkland Islands Macri is directly responsible for the country’s social and economic woes. The Argentine lisawatsoni @gmail.com President is an embattled man, slipping down the popularity ratings. Whereas once he was expected to secure a second term in the 2019 Presidential elections, this is now Editorial Committee much less certain. Ms Cindy Buxton (Chair) The fi gures show the slide towards recession. By the end of August, the Argentine peso Mr David Tatham CMG stood at 39 pesos to the US dollar against 16 pesos in 2017; the infl ation rate had soared Mr David Ainslie from 24% in December 2017 to nearly 32%; foreign currency reserves had slipped from Mr Alan Huckle $55bn in February 2018 to $36bn in June; and overall economic activity had slumped Mr Tym Marsh with rising unemployment. In April, Macri had been forced to approach the IMF for a stand-by loan (a deeply unpopular move in Argentina with memories of the 2001/2 debt WEBSITE crisis); having already drawn down $15bn, Macri has since had to ask for accelerated www.i association.com disbursement – and the Argentine Central Bank has had to increase its interest rates three times to 40% then 45% and end-August to 60%. Argentina is in serious economic Release of copyright trouble. Politically, Argentina has been gripped by stories of entrenched corruption during the The Editorial Committee Kirchner regimes. An offi cial driver had kept meticulous records of cash payments totalling releases all copyrights many millions of dollars. Arrests have been made with nearly 20 senior businessmen and on the content of government fi gures seeking plea bargains. Cristina de Kirchner has had three of her the Falkland Islands houses searched (though her Senate colleagues are unlikely to agree to lift her immunity Newsletter except from prosecution). But it hasn’t inspired investor confi dence in the country. on pictures, cartoons Macri’s diffi culties may stand in the way of progress in implementing the measures and maps. Other agreed in the September and December 2016 accords. The ICRC’s programme for publications are invited identifying the unknown Argentine war dead in the cemetery near Darwin by DNA analysis to quote freely. has been a major success with 97 out of 121 identifi cations made so far. Fisheries talks in May renewed the practice of exchanging scientifi c data on key fi sh/squid species: further Howevever, we ask that talks are scheduled for later this year. Some progress has been made on the proposal for quotations are made in a second commercial fl ight between the Falklands and South America but Argentina may context and the Falkand put diffi culties in the way (and Macri may not wish to pursue an agreement that could be Islands Newsletter highly contentious in Argentina). Certainly, it seems unlikely that he will be able any time acknowledged as the soon to pass the legislation required to lift the sanctions imposed by the Kirchners on source. trade and communications with the Falkland Islands. Given his problems, he is likely to want to keep any positive Falklands-related issues out of the public eye for the moment. For further information All this is in sharp contrast with the thriving situation in the Falkland Islands. We have turn to the inside back commissioned a piece from the Falkland Islands Government to illustrate the economic page or alternatively progress made since 1982; it is well worth a read. Prospects are good: plans for oil contact the Editor Lisa production from the Sea Lion fi eld in 2019/20 are progressing well. The only major Watson (contact details concern is Brexit: with 94% of the Islands’ fi sh exports and 33% of its meat production above). going to the EU, the loss of tariff and quota free access to the EU market would be a serious blow. Advertising:Advertising: ForFor ratesrates sseeee iinsidenside bbackack On FIA news, it is a great pleasure to announce that General Sir Michael Rose ccover.over. KCB CBE DSO QGM DL has kindly agreed to become a Vice-President of the Association. As CO 22 SAS Regiment during the Falklands War, he negotiated the Argentine surrender in 1982. Printed by: Platinum Press Ltd We have also identifi ed an excellent candidate – John Duncan OBE – to stand for Tel 0844 880 4722 election as FIA Chairman at the Association’s AGM on 8 December – see page 30 www.PlatinumPressLimited.co.uk for further details.

www.i association.com

2 The economy

Falkland Islands: An Economic Transformation By the Falkland Islands twice weekly fl ights with the UK began, UK defence budget annually. The Government Policy Department which assisted in the economic and Falkland Islands are a strategically social growth of the Islands. At the important Permanent Joint Operating Development of the Falkland same time satellite communications Base (PJOB) for the UK and offer Islands since 1982 arrived in the Islands, which have a unique tri-service training area, recently been upgraded to 4G mobile involving army, navy and RAF assets. OVER the past three and a half network coverage. The construction The Islands Plan 2018-2022 decades the Falkland Islands and of over 1,000km of roads around In April 2018 the Government its people have undergone dramatic both main islands, connecting all published The Islands Plan 2018- change. Visiting the Islands today it is settlements and most farms, along 2022 which sets out a blueprint for hard to imagine how different things with improved ferry and domestic air improving the health and wealth of were 36 years ago as the legacy of services, has created the conditions Falkland Islanders over the next four the 1982 confl ict was a huge task for expedited development. years. of reconstruction and development. Another key priority, following It outlines an ambitious and bold Following substantial economic, Liberation, was to restore a civilian, future for the country, with a strong political and social reform, the democratic Government. The focus on stimulating economic Falkland Islands have grown into a Constitution, enacted in 1985 and growth, improving transport and modern, progressive and ambitious updated in 2009, guaranteed the communications links, modernising country that continues to prosper. Islanders’ right to self-determination local infrastructure, providing high Post Confl ict and began the process of moving quality education and protecting the The Liberation of the Islands towards full internal self-government. environment. in 1982 reduced the political In 2013, the resident population The 2018/19 Budget has been uncertainty of previous decades. formally expressed their right to self- designed to tackle some of the larger It allowed the implementation of determination through a referendum, objectives of The Islands Plan and is the recommendations of Lord which was overseen by international designed to ensure there are solid Shackleton’s second Economic Study, observers. The result was that 99.8% foundations for the future growth which updated his original 1976 report, of voters decided that the Falkland of the Islands. The plans include the fi ndings of which had broadly not Islands should remain an Overseas a new power station, modern port been implemented. Amongst the most Territory of the United Kingdom. facilities, improvements to the Mount important proposals was the creation The Economy and Budget Pleasant Airport passenger terminal, of a fi sheries zone and acceleration The economy of the Falkland a new vulnerable persons unit and of land subdivision to increase the Islands continues to perform well and expansion of the King Edward VII number of local owner occupiers, over in the past fi scal year has achieved a Memorial Hospital. The Government absentee land owners. The report healthy fi nancial surplus; Government will also continue to invest in road and also recommended the establishment fi nances are in a good position, house-building schemes, to support of a development agency to help end fortifi ed by strong reserves. This longer term plans for population the stagnation of under-investment in means the Islands are economically growth. These capital works will the economy. self-suffi cient in all areas but defence, cause more job opportunities for the By the mid-1980s the international the cost of which is met by the local population, but will also require airport had been built alongside the UK Government and is estimated additional overseas construction Mount Pleasant military base, and to amount to 0.18% of the total workers.

3 The economy

Fisheries The main contributor to the country’s economic success has been from the creation of the Falklands’ fi shery, and the associated fi shing licences and corporation tax receipts from the local fi shing industry and allied businesses. Fishing licences alone are worth £13m annually to the Falkland Islands economy, whilst two thirds of corporation tax is derived from fi sheries. The fi shing industry accounts for 40% of the Islands Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Local entrepreneurs have developed a genuine domestic fi shing industry, comprising private businesses and joint ventures which bring additional investment into the local economy. In 2015 the annual fi sheries production was £210m and in 2017, 47,286 tonnes of fi sh were exported through Trawler at sea - Chris Mereno the EU, with a customs value of to research advice and grants for export market. €139m. Currently 94% of fi sh exports renewable energy (wind and solar), to Farming accounts for over 90% were sent to the EU and around half help them invest in their businesses. of the Islands land use, with sheep of the calamari (loligo squid) eaten in There is now a particular emphasis on ranching dominating and covering Southern Europe originates from the research and development, overseen some 1,140,500 hectares. There are Falkland Islands. Loligo squid is the by the Department of Agriculture approximately 500,000 sheep across main export and accounts for 89% demonstration farm improvement the Islands, producing the primary of EU exports; with 35% of all loligo programme, which has reversed agricultural export of wool, with an squid imported by Spain sourced from decades of underinvestment and led annual value of £10.3m. This is the Falkland Islands. to improvements in animal genetics exported to the UK, Bulgaria and Italy. The creation of the 150 mile and pasture management. A national The EU approved abattoir means Falklands Conservation Zone in 1986 sheep stud fl ock and national beef that there is an increasing contribution was a key recommendation of the herd have been created to improve from meat exports. This is primarily Shackleton report and the fi rst step both the quality of sheep wool and the lamb and mutton, 61% of which goes to in making the fi shery sustainable as meat. the UK; with 33% to the EU27, such as opposed to the previous uncontrolled A similar cattle genetics programme Denmark, France, Holland and Spain. and unreported fi shing by large is replacing traditional dairy breeds Falklands lamb is now available in the trawlers from around the world. In using Hereford and Angus embryos UK at Keevil and Keevil, the longest- 1990 the zone was extended to 200 and semen to improve beef quality. established butchers at Smithfi eld miles, creating the Falklands Outer Livestock are transported by the new Market, www.keevilandkeevil.co.uk Conservation Zone. The licence road network which connects farms . The development of the national fees associated with this sustainable with the new EU approved abattoir. cattle herd size to around 5,000 cows fi shery have transformed the Islands’ This has improved processing and has created an increasing supply of economy (Government revenue rose revenue opportunities and supplies premium pasture fed beef. by almost 500% within three years), quality meat for both the domestic and whilst also covering the costs of patrolling the zone and scientifi c work Falklands shearers to monitor and manage the fi sh stocks. FIG reinvests 8% of its operating budget into scientifi c research and fi sheries protection, which is vital in terms of ensuring the sustainability of fi sh stocks both now and in the future. Agriculture Farming employs the most people in Camp (the countryside) and manages the landscape, so the Government has supportive policies for the sector and a dedicated Department of Agriculture. After the implementation of the Shackleton recommendation of subdivision, land ownership changed from 90% owned by absentee landlords in 1982, to 95% owned and farmed by those living and working in the Islands by 2003. Farmers do not receive support in the same way as EU Single Farm Payments, but they do have access

4 The economy

Tourism Despite the amazing scenery and wonderful wildlife, the Islands were relatively undiscovered as a destination due to their remoteness and lack of connectivity. This has changed with the onset of regular fl ights and increased popularity of cruise ships in the South Atlantic, which has allowed the Falkland Islands to position itself as both an unspoilt wilderness destination and as the ‘Gateway to Antarctica’. The annual value of tourism to the Islands is now approximately £7.6m, including both cruise ship and land-based tourism. In 2017/18 57,496 cruise ship passengers visited (representing a 3.1% rise) and there was an increase in leisure land-based tourism of 14.9% compared to the previous year. The international airport at Mount Pleasant facilitates twice weekly UK fl ights and a weekly Chile connection, all of which are fully booked in the Members of the Legislative Assembly and other offi cials austral summer tourist season. Past and present The Falkland Islands have opened Additional capacity is currently under A thriving and developing economy a new chapter in their history, one negotiation with a new weekly fl ight encourages young people to stay on that looks forward to the future, whilst from Brazil which, if achieved, could the Islands and attracts those who proudly acknowledging the past. The increase the number of overnighting have studied or worked overseas aim is to further develop and grow land-based tourists, who spend on to return. It also draws in migrants, in an environmentally responsible food and accommodation throughout who fi nd the growing and stable way. Islanders are a peaceful, hard- the Islands, compared to short-term economy, 1% unemployment, pristine working and resilient people, with a day-trip cruise passengers. environment and quality of life all very society that is thriving and optimistic. Oil appealing. The 2016 census outlines They are self-governing, fi nancially Initial seismic work to assess the dramatic change in fortunes of the self-suffi cient and relish their own potential hydrocarbon opportunities Islands following decades of decline identity – a small place with a big in the South Atlantic took place in until 1982. The population now stands future, provided that their rights of the 1990’s, following advice from at 3,200 – an increase of 57% since self-determination are respected. the British Geological Survey. A 1982. Whilst some Islanders can Falkland Islanders are forever grateful joint co-operation area was agreed proudly trace their families and local to the UK Government and British with Argentina in 1995, although heritage back nine generations, Forces for allowing them to maintain this fell victim to the Kirchner led others are more recent arrivals, but their way of life since 1982 and look Government of Argentina in 2007. all contribute to the 60 nationalities forward to all of the opportunities that The fi rst licencing round in 1996 was recorded in the census. the future will bring. followed by promising test drilling in 1998, but the low oil price at the time A cruise vessel at Saunders Island - gentoo penguins made further exploration unviable. A second round of test drilling took place in 2010, with the fi rst major discovery of viable production made by Rockhopper Exploration Plc in their Sea Lion fi eld. This interest is now run by Premier Oil, which is advancing key regulatory approvals following a signifi cant recovery in the global price of oil. The technical review of the fi eld development plan is close to conclusion and in the coming year we hope to see continuation of investment in the fi rst offshore oilfi eld development. Although there remains a lot to be done in terms of oil readiness work, if the project is approved it will bring signifi cant opportunities for the local economy and a signifi cant boost to the revenues of the Falkland Islands Government in future years.

5 Agriculture

Rural Business Association Agricultural Show 2018 AN EAST-FALKLANDS farm, Blue Beach Farm, dominated the wool classes at the 2018 Rural Business Association Agricultural Show. Owner Hew Grierson not only claimed the most points in the eight wool classes but also the honour of being champion ewe owner. Hew has been claiming armfuls of prizes at the show for many years now. It wasn’t all about Blue Beach though; while that farm had the best ram hogget, shearling ram and mature ram, the overall champion ram title went to North Arm’s prize- winning dual purpose mature ram; no doubt much to the delight of the farm’s manager Stephen Dickson. His dual purpose ram hoggets won their category and the North Arm dual purpose shearling ram claimed the red rosette. Also showing up well in those all-important ram classes were impressive beasts from Elephant Beach (owner Ben Berntsen). The whole event was as colourful and fascinating as always, with a variety of stalls and a shearing demonstration, both mechanical and with hand shears. The prizes were presented by HE the Governor Nigel Phillips. Top: There is always a great turnout from all over the Falklands for the Agricultural show. Above right: Farm children are at ease with the stock. Right: Prize-winning cattle 6 Agriculture

The Deligniers team from Dunbar Farm and a stud fl ock beast Farmers gather for National Stud Flock ram sale A COMBINATION of National Stud sale and 30 Blue Beach Farm Flock (NSF) sheep, and rams from rams. Hew Grierson of Blue Beach Farm, The total amount achieved for made the Ram Sale at Saladero the sale of NSF stock was £28,800. an attractive prospect for farmers In 1996, the Department of on March 24. Agriculture purchased 2,023 The annual event attracted a hectares of land from Falkland larger crowd than usual, including Landholdings to set up research some non-farming individuals. and development (R&D) Ultimately the biggest National programmes throughout the Stud Flock sale was £600 received Falkland Islands. An adjoining for an Ex-Elite ram. This was camp (Brenton Loch) is leased. purchased by Doyle farm and the Saladero has become the home highest price for a Shearling ram of the NSF mentioned above. The was £410, purchased by Goose annual Ram Sale is held in March Green farm. each year and other open days are There were 498 NSF sheep for held regularly on specifi c topics. Above right: Senior Agricultural Advisor Adam Dawes, FLH General Manager Andy Pollard. Below: Farmers ready to release their wallets

7 Tourism

Malvina House Hotel’s Karl Stroud and Nicola Scott; Jenny Luxton Falklands Tourism celebrated GOVERNMENT House was a welcoming venue at the end of April for the presentation of the Falkland Islands Tourist Board’s annual awards. In addition to the hopeful contenders from across the industry there were most of the 28 newly qualifi ed tour guides waiting to receive certifi cates. While reviewing the growth of the industry in the Islands, FITB Chair Mrs Sally Ellis expressed the hope that in ten years’ time tourism in the Falklands would have grown to the extent that Government House would no longer be big enough to hold the event. HE the Governor Nigel Phillips pointed out that tourism was not only of great importance to the Falklands economy, but also as an effective means of changing perceptions and telling the Falklands story to the rest of the world. The biggest cheer of the night greeted the announcement that Jenny Luxton had won the Executive Director’s Award for outstanding contribution to tourism. FITB Executive Director Steph Middleton explained that Jenny’s involvement in hospitality and tourism in the Falklands had covered several decades, beginning with the opening of Monty’s Restaurant where Deano’s Bar now stands and continuing through multiple seasons as manager of the Sea Lion Island lodge and, before and after that, many further years with Above: Tim Miller . Below: Bittersweet’s Baron Brunton-Goss with HE the Stanley Services as manager of Governor Nigel Phillips their Island Holidays agency. 8 Fishing

View from the bridge and freezer hold South Georgia class longliners ready for maiden haul NEW-BUILD longliners Argos Georgia The vessels are the product of than the current normal 7-8 knots; and Nordic Prince visited Stanley “six months of intensive design that this enables lines to be set in hours in April prior to their maiden fi shing closely involved the operator and of darkness and so avoids seabird by- voyages to South Georgia. current offi cers,” said Mr Newman. catch. The vessels are owned by The main drivers behind its design The vessels are also the only Norwegian company Ervik Havfi ske were: the ability to operate in ice vessels in the South Georgia fi sheries and will be operated on a long-term during Ross Sea and South Sandwich to include a moon-pool in their design; lease by Argos Froyanes, a joint research fi shing, fuel and cargo effectively a hole in the hull through venture between Argos Georgia Ltd capacity to sustain four-month fi shing which fi sh can be hauled straight into and the owners. campaigns, reduced open-deck work the factory. Argos Ltd Director Andrew Newman by the crew, and reduced emissions Additionally, the vessels will collect said that the vessels were conceived through increased fuel effi ciency and a raft of scientifi c data and footage as a, “South Georgia Class vessel a low-drag hull. through line-mounted cameras, to help deliver the ever increasing According to the company, the underwater video logging of hauling demands of the South Georgia vessels have a high-speed line setting activity, and infra-red thermal imaging Government in the areas of safety system, allowing them to set the of surface whale activity and seabird and crew welfare, compliance and fi shing lines at up to 11 knots rather interactions. scientifi c contribution.”

Argos Georgia at FIPASS

9 Environment Falklands seabirds and El Niño SEABIRD populations are slowly recovering from the sharp drop recorded in 2016 as a result of a strong El Niño event, according to Falklands Conservation’s annual Seabird Monitoring Programme (FISMP) report. The report, released in June suggests that the monitored populations of Gentoo Penguins, King Penguins, Black-browed Albatross, and Southern Giant Petrel all recorded conservative increases of breeding pairs compared to 2016. Populations of Southern Rockhopper Penguins, however, remain unchanged from 2016 and Black-browed Albatross chick and Rockhoppers - pics FC “show no signs of recovery.” According to the report, a 31% drop in breeding increasing populations in those long-term monitoring we know that pairs was recorded in 2016. The seabird species monitored. By many seabird populations are able drop was thought to be partly down 2015 the estimates of breeding pair to cope with a few bad years, but if to starvation during the moult period numbers for seabirds at the FISMP the bad years become more frequent in 2016. However, breeding deferral sites were the highest ever recorded. or more severe then recovery may due to unfavourable conditions may However, the “super” El Niño event in not be possible, particularly if this is also have played a part as it does with 2015-2016, closely pursued by the La combined with other pressures. Gentoo Penguins. Niña in 2017-18, was associated with “Existing pressures can be Monitored sites of Magellanic signifi cant changes in this trend. exacerbated through human Penguins showed a decrease in During November 2016, FIMSP activities, including the impacts of numbers from the previous year. estimated a signifi cant decrease in climate change, and the overall health Burrows at Gypsy Cove showed an breeding pair numbers for Gentoo and we afford to our oceans. Climate occupancy rate of 34.7%, an 18% Southern Rockhopper Penguins and models project that extreme El Niño drop thought to be down to fl ooding Black-browed Albatrosses, as well events will occur more frequently of burrows during the spring of 2017. as lower numbers of King Penguin and more severely in the future. For Population numbers remain below chicks surviving the winter. those species apparently less able 2015 fi gures across the board as At the time, FC reported that it to respond to such events such as species continue to recover from the suspected a portion of seabirds Southern Rockhopper Penguins, impacts of El Niño. had chosen to defer or abstain from which remain listed as Vulnerable According to Falklands Conservation breeding to avoid raising chicks as a species for global conservation (FC) natural fl uctuations in in a period of poor conditions. FC concern, climate change impacts are environmental conditions and wildlife also reported some starvation and likely to remain their biggest threat. populations occur frequently, often mortality in southern Rockhopper For others such as the King Penguin, with few notable effects; however, Penguin during the moult period in which continues to expand its range more extreme climatic events can March 2016. and increase its global population, occur, causing signifi cant longer-term After the arrival of El Niño, and extreme events may not currently changes to ecosystems. the subsequent downturn in seabird pose such problems.” The best known of these is the El breeding (the Southern Rockhopper A positive trend resumed this Niño in the western tropical Pacifi c Penguins being the worst impacted), season for King Penguins. The Ocean, off the west coast of South it was uncertain how well the number of pre-fl edged King Penguin America. An El Niño is offi cially populations would recover in the chicks at Volunteer Point increasing declared if the sea temperature of this subsequent year. by 60%, from 2016. region rises 0.5◦C or more above the This summer (2017-18), the Long-term monitoring at Volunteer long-term average. monitoring indicated numbers of Point shows periodic fl uctuations but A La Niña event is the counterpart breeding pairs of Gentoo Penguins with an overall upward trend over a of an El Niño, and associated with and Black-browed Albatrosses started timescale which included three strong lower than normal sea temperatures. to recover following the signifi cant El Niños. The recent dip in productivity In 2015-16 a “super” El Niño was drop in numbers in 2016, but were in 2016, followed the 2015-2016 El recorded, the strongest on record for still 24 % and 16% below the 2015 Niño which, as for other species, may the last 15 years. Followed closely in fi gures, respectively. have affected the adult’s ability to its wake, a La Niña ensued over the According to FC, “monitoring suffi ciently provide food for the chicks. summer of 2017-18. The combined seabird populations over longer time The Falkland Islands Seabird infl uences of disruptions in the ocean periods allows us to track fl uctuations Monitoring Programme (FISMP) environment subsequently impacted in breeding numbers and success is coordinated by Falklands the seabirds in the Falklands. and how they correlate with extreme Conservation, funded by the Falkland A strong El Niño/La Niña is capable environmental variations, such as El Islands Government and works of infl uencing the sea temperatures Niños and La Niñas. It also allows with numerous landowners. FISMP around the Falklands; this in turn can us to look at current downturns in provides annual estimates of breeding alter and reduce prey availability to the context of previous ones and numbers and chick success for a seabirds and other marine species. whether recovery is seemingly number of seabird species. The FIMSP results for the period possible, even likely and when cause between 2005 and 2010 indicated for real concern should arise. Due to Falklands Conservation/PN 10 Environment

The dive of the Sei Whale BETWEEN February and April 2018, seconds apart, while others exhibited Falklands Conservation (FC) carried intermediate dives of around two out survey work to assess Sei whale minutes and only breathed once at occurrence in Queen Charlotte and the surface in between each dive. King George Bays in West Falkland. So what does this mean for One component of the work was a conservation and management? behavioural study, which received Data on dive duration and surfacing funding from the Environmental characteristics help us to estimate Studies Budget of the Falkland Islands the amount of time that whales spend Government. at, or just below, the water surface, The behaviour of Sei whales is which is important for understanding very poorly known worldwide, and what proportion of the population this work aimed to collect information can be observed at the surface on their dive durations, surfacing during a visual sighting survey. It characteristics, “cue rates” (i.e. blows example, sometimes whales joined or can therefore be used to “correct” per whale per hour) and travel speeds left the groups, or we became unsure population abundance estimates from to provide a comparison with similar that we were following the same boat or aerial surveys. Knowledge data collected in Berkeley Sound individual when there were multiple of the surfacing rate and swim during 2017. animals surfacing unpredictably in an speed of whales is also important To accomplish this, the survey team area. for understanding the potential followed Sei whale individuals and The longest submersions recorded vulnerability of whales to vessel groups at an appropriate distance in West Falkland were 9.6 min by an collisions. for periods of around an hour, and individual and 6.1 min by a group. The collection of undisturbed whale recorded the time of every surfacing These were a little shorter than behaviour is essential for identifying event into a computer or dictaphone. the 13.6 and 13.1 min recorded in how whales are affected by human A GPS was used to record the route Berkeley Sound, which may refl ect activities such as seismic exploration, of the boat as it followed the whales, slightly different behaviours in the shipping or eco-tourism. And it also allowing an assessment of their two regions. For example, whales helps us to understand how whales spatial movements and travel speeds. in Berkeley Sound may be foraging behave in relation to their environment, Accurate dive times could only be deeper in the water or simply requiring for example if particular habitats are measured for solitary animals, but we more time to locate food if their prey used for specifi c behaviours such as were also able to calculate a minimum was less abundant than in West feeding, calving, travel or socialising. dive duration for groups of whales. Falkland. A scientifi c paper has been produced Although we started 24 behavioural We found that individuals showed on Sei whale behaviour in Berkeley follows of Sei whales during the variation in their dive patterns, with Sound and West Falkland, and the full West Falkland study, several were some having very regular sequences project report for the West Falkland abandoned after less than 20 minutes of longer dives (several minutes survey should be available from FC due to uncertainties that we were duration) separated by three or on request at the end of August. following the same animals. For four quick surfacings at only 35 Falklands Conservation 11 Parades

THE fi ckle Falklands weather, which has sometimes shown little respect for the annual parade to mark the birthday of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth in Stanley, played ball this year, allowing the many spectators gathered on Victory Green to enjoy a little Autumn sunshine. Usually the smartest on parade in their ‘best blues’ this year the FIDF detachment was somewhat outshone by the kilted detachment of the 4th Scots, but the biggest contribution to this year’s parade, in terms of smartness, colourful uniforms and music, came from the marvellous band of the Brigade of Gurkhas, which kept everyone in step. On the occasion of Her Majesty the Queen’s birthday Above and below: HE the Governor Nigel Phillips. Left: The 4th Scots are smart in their kilts and the Band of the Brigade of Gurkhas is a stirring addition

12 Parades

Above: the FIDF’S Private Colin Summers stands sentry at the monument and Flying Offi cer Emma Tate leads the RAF contingent. Below: HMS Clyde and the Band of the 19th Regiment Royal Artillery (Scottish Gunners)

AN already moving occasion, this year’s events on the anniversary of the liberation of the Falkland Islands from Argentine occupation were all the more powerful for the presence of the Band of the 19th Regiment Royal Artillery (Scottish Gunners). The Regiment, which traces its history back to the 18th century, has the recruitment area of the Scottish Highlands. The rousing band led the way to the Liberation Monument ahead of the sailors of HMS Clyde, the Royal Air Force and the Resident Infantry Company - at the time 2 PARA.

We will remember them

13 History WWI: The Falkland Islanders who gave their lives By Emma Brook on December 5, 1914; he was the Town Cemetery. TO mark the end of the First World youngest son of Lawrence and Bessie Robert Greenshields Douglas War students at the Falkland Islands Newing. Charles was just 21 when he currently does not appear on the Roll Community School have been died. On December 6,1914, Ernest of Honour in the Falkland Islands. researching Falkland Islanders who Spencer (31), Norman Aitkin (38), He was born at Bodie Creek on the lost their lives. Students aged 11-13, Frederic Biggs (26),William Blyth (26), 30th August 1882 and was the fi rst were selected and allocated one of James Allen (25) and Walter Shire child of William and Jane Douglas. the names from the Roll of Honour (26), were laid to rest. The last crew Robert emigrated to Chile in 1910, and asked to fi nd out about their member to be buried was Herbert with his wife Ethel Emma Robins and lives and their role in the First World Gaylard (22), on December 15, 1914. ran a sheep farm that had belonged War. However, the students’ research The men were buried with full military to Ethel’s father. Sadly Ethel died in has shown that not all the Falkland honours in Stanley cemetery. 1912, so with the outbreak of war Islanders who gave their lives have In active service Robert paid for his passage and been included on the Roll and steps The First Falkland Islander to enlisted, joining the Suffolk Yeomanry. are now being taken to ensure the die in active service was John Eric He was posted to Egypt as a 2nd Lt forgotten ones will be remembered. Goodhart, born at Fox Bay East, in and died from wounds he received on 1894. Like many young men he was August 14, 1916. He was buried in In the First World War, Falkland educated in England at Haileybury the Alexandria (Hadra) War Memorial Islanders fl ocked to the call to arms; and then enrolled at Clare College Cemetery in Grave B2. many paying their own passage to Cambridge. John spent some time in Some soldiers never saw action. reach England and enlist. Some Germany and was able to speak the Henry Phillips was born at Darwin Falkland Islanders were already language fl uently. He joined the Royal on May 10, 1879. He moved away veterans and had seen action in the Engineers, and was quickly promoted from the Falklands to New Zealand Boer wars. The majority who went to Sergeant. Due to his language and enlisted in the New Zealand away were men, but some women skills he became a motorbike dispatch Army. Whilst in training there was a joined the Red Cross and also saw rider for Sir John French and evaded measles outbreak; Henry was one of action. capture on several occasions, resulting the recruits who died from the disease The Falkland Islands were involved in the award of the Distinguished on September 15, 1916. in the First World War from very Conduct medal whilst in the fi eld and John Murry Dickie was born at early on. The Battle of Coronel, on the French Legion of Honour. Myles Creek, Walker Creek on June November 1, 1914 brought a British While on leave he died from typhoid 14, 1889. defeat, which shook the nation. The fever, contracted whilst serving at the His parents worked for the FIC, but squadron had been based in Stanley front, on December 11, 1914. after their fi rst contract they moved prior to the receipt of their orders to The fi rst Islander to die while posted the family to the West Falklands and engage Von Spee, which saw 1,570 overseas was Gerald Wolstan Baillon lived for a while at Main Point. British sailors killed and only three (24) killed in action on September The family bought a Farm in Rio Germans wounded. 25,1915, on the fi rst day of the Battle Gallegos, and moved away from the The Islands were again shocked of Loos. Gerald Baillon was born Islands, but John and his brother when a small craft, used to carry at Fox Bay West; his father bought Charles James Dickie both felt the supplies by members of the Falkland the land in the 1860s, but the family need to defend the nation and paid Islands Volunteer Force to naval moved back to England, where their own way to England to enlist. vessels and across the harbour Baillon was educated. Like many John was a Lance Corporal in the capsized in a sudden summer storm. young men he enlisted and was made Royal Horse Guard and was awarded On December 1, 1914 the crew were a 2nd Lt in the 1st Battalion of the the Distinguished Conduct Medal laying cables in the area around Kings Liverpool Regiment. On the fi rst on February 2, 1916, for discernible Engineer Point, to strengthen the day of battle, 57 offi cers were killed. gallantry at Hogs Trench, Hulluch for Islands’ defences against a suspected Gerald Baillon is buried in grave D16 leading a party of bombers and diggers German invasion. Cambrin Military Cemetery. over the parapet after the Germans At about lunch time it was thought Private Peter McKay grew up at had exploded a mine close to their that all the men decided to cross Island Harbour, Lafonia. His parents positions. Under fi re and bombardment the Harbour to the wireless station worked for the Falkland Island John Dickie successfully covered and it was some hours later that the Company and Peter was about 7 year the working party until the area was capsized craft was spotted. old when they arrived in the Islands. once again safe. While making wire The shores around the harbour were On January 28, 1915, Peter was entanglements John Dickie was searched in the hope that some had serving in the 7th Battalion Cameron wounded and on December 24, 1916, made it ashore, but it was a squally Highlanders, when he died from aged 27, he died of septic poisoning. and cold day. wounds at No 33 Casualty Clearing He is buried in Boulogne Eastern All eight crew members were Station, Flanders, aged 31. He is Cemetery, reference VIII C 190. killed. Charles Newing was buried buried in grave IV.H.62 at the Bethune Ernest Kelway was born in Stanley 14 History

L-R: Lt Robert Christopher Packe, Lcpl John Murry Dickie, Lt Col Singleton Bonner, 2nd Lt Stuart Williams, 2nd Lt Maxwell Williams and was the eldest son of George the oldest was the fi rst to enlist and Hardy. He was born in Stanley on and Susanna Kelway. In 1914 joined the Hampshire Carabineers in June 9, 1896, his father was William Ernest travelled to England, with his October 1913 as a trooper. Hardy a storekeeper, and his mother sister Elsie, who had married Frank He was awarded his commission Caroline Hitchman. Howatt. Frank and Ernest joined the in February 1917. He kept his faith Claud was the fi fth of seven children. Anchor Line, a successful merchant and would seek fellow Catholics and He paid for his own passage back to navy company as sailors. Ernest pray with them in the trenches. In England and joined the Middlesex was working on the SS California a May 1917, his regiment was ordered regiment as a private. He was killed passenger vessel, travelling between to capture Fampoux. With bayonets in action on April 13, 1918. He has New York and Glasgow. fi xed, they marched into sleet. Stuart no grave, but his name is etched into On February 7, 1917, the vessel was was killed in the hand to hand battle panel 8 at the Ploegsteert Memorial, just off the west coast of Ireland, when that followed on May 3, 1917. Hainaut, Belgium. a German U-boat (U-85) torpedoed Maxwell was commissioned into the Lt. Robert Christopher Packe was the stern of the ship. The vessel sank London Regiment in May 1917 and born at Sulivan House, Stanley, on in 7 minutes. was almost immediately sent to the January 17, 1899 and was the eldest Ernest had managed to escape the front. son of Vere and Winifred Packe. sinking in a life boat, but on seeing While on rest in a tent away from the Aged 18 he joined the Royal Naval two babies in the water, he jumped main battle, a stray shell fell where he Air Service, and was taught to fl y in and passed them to the lifeboat, was resting and Maxwell was killed Sopwith Camels at HMS Daedalus but he was not a good swimmer and instantly on September 19, 1917. (later RAF Cranwell). He joined 219 drowned. Private Andrew Lees was born on squadron, which was based in Norfolk Lt Col Singleton Bonner was born September 11, 1887 at North Arm, and patrolled the North Sea looking at Port Sussex on July 7, 1879. the second son to John & Mary Lees. for enemy shipping. When he was fi ve years old his family He paid for his own passage back to Life was full of ups and downs; he returned to Birkdale, Lancashire. A Barrow-in-Furness, where he enlisted survived a crash when his aircraft career soldier he joined the South as a trooper into the Household ditched into the sea, but sadly did not Staffordshire Foot and saw action in Calvary. survive a similar accident when he South Africa in 1901. Promoted to Andrew was killed on the fi rst day was killed June 21, 1918, after engine Lieutenant in 1903 he was posted to of the Battle of Passchendaele on failure. Gibraltar as a Captain in 1912. October 12, 1917. The last Falkland Islander to die in At the outbreak of WW1, Singleton’s We know very little about Claude WW1 was another fl ier, Capt. John regiment was sent to Zeebrugge Waldron Matthews. John Matthews on October 6, 1914 to help with the was born at Port Howard on May 25, defence of Antwerp. Between May 15- 1890. It is unclear when he left the 25, 1915, Singleton Bonner and his Islands, but appears to have been regiment were involved in the Battle sent to England to attend school and of Festubert; it was during this that joined the Royal Naval Air Service. he was awarded the Distinguished He was part of 6 squadron, which Service Order (DSO), as he took his became 206 squadron on April 1, men through the German trenches 1918, with the creation of the Royal along Aubers Ridge. Air force. On April 23, 1917 he was wounded He had seen much action and had and transported to a medical Centre used his aircraft on reconnaissance at Etaples, France, where he died on as well as bombing raids along the May 1, 1917. He is buried at Etaples lines of trenches. On August 1, 1918, Military Cemetery in grave XVII.C.12. his squadron had been tasked with Stuart and Maxwell Williams were a bombing raid. As they approached born in the Falkland Islands and grew their target, they came into contact up on Weddell Island, which was with the German Red Baron squadron, owned by their father. known as the Flying Circus, due to the The family were Catholics and colourful tails of their aircraft. invested in St Mary’s Church and took He was shot down over Ypres, an active interest in the Church even The monument near Stanley Belgium and buried along side his after they moved back to the south of dedicated to the FIDF Members rear gunner, Lt. Wilber John, in the England. The boys were educated at who lost their lives in a boating Hooge Crater Cemetery. St Edmunds College. Stuart, being accident on December 1, 1914 See back page for roll of honour. 15 Falklands society From Cebu to Stanley TO coincide with Government House An escape from poverty was what him in September of the same year. marking Philippine Independence drove Noel to come to the Falklands. She and James had been writing to day for the fi rst time, Roddy Cordeiro Yet when he arrived, he realised how each other for some time and fi rst spoke to members of the Filipino far Paz’s description differed from met in 2000, when he travelled to the community about their life in the reality and wept. It was bitterly cold, Philippines with Mila, another Filipino Falklands and how they came to be and as well as a dying father he’d here at the time. here. left debts to pay for his ticket in the Other than for a period when she Philippines, “I had borrowed money, a accompanied James while he trained Noel lot of money, to come here, I thought, to be an aircraft engineer in Canada, “IT’S like America,” Noel’s sister, Paz, why did I come?” she has lived here since. told him. Paz, who had been married It was the need to settle those For Leah, the nature of the people to a Falkland Islander since 1985, debts that made his fi rst year fl y by. here was crucial in helping her to returned to the Philippines in 1989 to He started working for PWD and six settle, “they are so friendly,” she says. visit her family and convince Noel to months later for FIGAS, where he has The laid-back and safe pace of life is a join her. worked since. factor for her and others too, but Leah Almost 30 years on, Noel laughs as But the fi rst years were tough. also points out that for many, living he concedes that Paz, who has since Having come from the bustling city of here provides much-needed income passed away, duped him, “she said Cebu, Noel struggled with the limited for their families in the Philippines, to me, there’s a job for you there, you options for socialisation offered by the “we help our families, we send money better come with me, it’s like America. work-to-home-to-pub routine. Most of to them, we keep very close ties with So that’s why I said yes.” all, he yearned to speak in his home them.” Noel was 26 and fresh out of an language, and for that he turned to the Remittances by immigrant aircraft maintenance course when he crew of passing ships, “there were a communities are far from unique to decided to follow his sister’s advice. few that came here regularly so I used the Falklands. According to the UN Spurred on by his father, he posted to invite them to my house and we International Fund for Agricultural his passport to the Immigration would cook and drink.” Development, the global value of Department to get a residence permit. Being one of a handful of Filipinos remittances was $445bn in 2016. Several months later he left Manila for in the Islands also exposed him to Remittances to the Philippines were the UK. racist insults in the early days, but he the third largest by nation, reaching It was the last time he would see his was proactive in his response, “I had $29.87bn. father, who was dying of cancer. As to punch a few people to make them Such fi gures hide the personal they walked to the road and waited for accept me,” he says. stories behind any one single the taxi, Noel remembers trying not to The approach reaped surprisingly remittance, like Leah’s “hospital care cry as his father held his shoulder, “it positive results: after one particular is not free there, last year my mum got was a hard time when I left, knowing I scuffl e the other party cheerily waved sick and I had to send money to her.” would never see him again,” he says. at him as he drove past the next day, But money alone is not the only But it was his very father who had “He was so friendly to me… until now, reason why the Filipino community impressed upon him the importance he even knows my name.” is thriving here. For Leah, it has as of taking such opportunities, “if I Slowly, the Filipino community much to do with their work ethic and didn’t make that move, it would never started to grow in the late nineties. At adaptability as wages, “they say we’re happen.” fi rst, it was by simple word of mouth; very hard working, we’re a fl exible Noel arrived in the Falklands in June an employer would ask one of them if people, we’re able to communicate 1989, met his wife, Pauline, here, and they knew someone who could cook, with different people.” has lived here ever since. for instance. As the trickle began, James He is one of the longest-standing friends and relatives would be told of Work ethic plays a part for sure, says members of the Filipino community, other jobs. Employers, desperate to James Bicaldo, but other aspects of which, according to the 2016 census, fi ll posts in a job market with no spare the Filipino mindset help too. When he stood at 53, but is now thought to be capacity, were all too happy to take arrived in June 2015, James had an over 100. The fi gure, around 3% of them. Recruitment has since become epiphany; he saw Stanley and the fi rst the total population, is all the more a more structured affair; employers go thing he thought of was Springfi eld striking considered alongside the 15 through agencies and look for specifi c from the Simpsons. And just like in recorded by the 2012 census. skills. the Simpsons, he realised that “most In 2016 the Filipino community The community is happy here, of the people here are strong-willed was the fourth largest nationality in says Noel, and view it as a long-term and have strong characters. You’ve the Falklands behind Zimbabwean, prospect, “they would like to have got to have the guts to survive here Chilean and British (including British permanent residence, own property, otherwise you’ll end up leaving.” Overseas Territories). If current, albeit have a house.” But mostly they are And this, says James, suits Filipinos anecdotal, estimates are accurate, grateful, “I know how it feels when life down to the ground, “we are a then Filipino residents could easily in the Philippines is so hard: poverty, strong-willed people, we know how surpass the Chilean community by the medical system… if you don’t to survive… We are a very resilient the next census. have the money, then you die. Here, people, we know how to smile and get Driven by a desire to escape poverty, your life is the priority.” by with almost any crisis” and sought after for their English Leah James was a culinary instructor in fl uency, the Philippines’ immigrant That the Filipino community is three different schools in Manila when diaspora has become one of the happy is all too evident in Leah Lang. he fi rst heard of the Falklands. He largest in the world; 10 million - 10% Leah married her husband, James sent an email to a potential employer of their home population - according Lang, in the Philippines in April 2003 on New Year’s Eve and on New to the Government of the Philippines. and came to the Falklands to join Year’s Day he received a job offer. Six 16 Falklands society

Leah, Noel, Ailyana and James months later he was here. much as her cousin’s work permit particularly as many companies don’t James, an examinations offi cer had. Three months later, it had all have dedicated human resources at the Community School, is open been processed and approved. departments. about his motivation to come to the The speed of the process caught James, who unsuccessfully sought Falklands. Just like the majority of her by surprise, so much so that she advice from the Citizen’s Advice people from the Philippines that come hadn’t stopped to look where the Bureau in a previous job, believes here, he was drawn by the money, he Falklands were, “I asked my mum, there could be a “stronger presence,” says. “But it has kind of changed over where is it? Is it near UK? She when it comes to protecting the rights the last three years,” he adds, “I want laughed and said, no, it will take you of work permit holders. to share something with the Islands. two days to get here.” That presence may not be required I am keen to develop my career in Slow though it may be, Ailyana with the current population size, the education sector and hopefully go believes integration is happening, and he argues, “but the population is back to teaching food and create a though it is led by food, it is beginning growing”, adding that this not only revolution for the younger generation.” to show in other areas, “I’d say we’ve applies to the Filipino community, Such a revolution, he believes, could integrated pretty well, a lot of Chileans but to all work permit holders, both in make food a central part of the and locals know a couple of Filipino Stanley and MPA. Islands’ tourism repertoire in the long words, mostly curse words.” Noel, having seen the Filipino term, making them a “culinary hub” in A relative newcomer to the Islands, population grow over the last 30 years, the region. “It’s a really crazy dream Ailyana has been here just under is happy to see them becoming such of mine,” he admits, “I’m a person a year, and hopes to build on her a thriving community that won’t know that came here with big dreams, and experience teaching English in the the loneliness that he felt in his fi rst it changes, it changes a lot, but the Philippines to further her career in year, “there’s over a hundred of them, Islands have given me an opportunity FICS, “some thought I wouldn’t stay and they’re always partying,” he says, to do a lot” longer than two or three months, but smiling. They refer to him as Kuya, an The revolution has started. James I enjoy my job. Students are trying affectionate term for an older brother. takes pride in having introduced Pork at times, but when they understand Integration is far from abstract for Humba to the Falklands during his a lesson, it gives you a sense of Noel; he married locally and his two previous job. The dish is now served satisfaction. So I’m on that path for daughters were born here. He tried by several local cafes and has evolved now… I’ve only been [at FICS] for 6 to teach his daughters his language into a hot roll version. months, and I’m not planning to leave when they were young, but they James is unapologetic about his anytime soon.” were not interested and did not take ambition and believes it’s key for The imperative for integration is it seriously. “But now,” he says, “they integration, “it’s more than working compelling, argues James, “we’re are proud of having a Filipino father.” and earning money for your family, not there yet, there is more we can One of his daughters recently had it’s something deeper… Every Filipino do, every Filipino in the Islands a son of her own, making Noel a should have dreams beyond that; should think that their existence grandfather. He notes with some thinking about the long term, about here is important to the Islands, we relish that his grandson - an eighth becoming part of the community.” are important to the economy.” The generation Falkland Islander - Ailyana value goes beyond the economic, he has a Filipino grandfather and an Yet integration is hard, says Ailyana argues, “the diversity of people here is Albanian father; as much the result Ferrer. Like all fi rst-generation quite impressive, it sends a message of globalisation as a nation fi nding its immigrants, Filipinos face the torn that we are growing as a nation.” own unique identity. loyalties that come with leaving one Few value the Filipino contribution The Falklands may not have country and making a life in another, to the economy more than their been like America, as his sister had “you identify as a Filipina, that’s what employers, who have been quick promised him, but Noel believes that you are, but then you’re living in a to notice “our work ethic and he has ended up where he was meant different country and if, like me, you’re professionalism”, says James. to be, “when I was young I dreamed planning to stay there a really long As with all immigrant workforces, of going abroad, I didn’t want to stay time, there’s an identity crisis there: the balance of power means that in the Philippines because of the what you are and what you will be.” employers could take advantage. poverty. At fi rst, I didn’t think that this Ailyana heard about the Falklands However, unlike other places, was the place, now maybe it is, now through her mum, who already lived in “employers here listen,” says James, that God has assigned me here. I’m the Falklands and encouraged her to “my advice: voice it out, don’t be shy, very superstitious, I believe only God come. Ailyana had just fi nished college they will listen.” knows everything and he was the one and was working, and submitted her Though they are rare, the that assigned me here.” residence permit application on the offi cial process for reporting unfair assumption that it would take a year, employment practices is not obvious, Roddy Cordeiro, Penguin News 17 Local presence, international reach Pinsent Masons is an international law firm with an office in Stanley. Our Falklands work covers the full range of practice areas and we are specialists in a range of sectors, including fishing, maritime, oil & gas and infrastructure. Alison Inglis Associate 56 John Street, Stanley T: +500 22690 E: [email protected] Gavin Farquhar Partner UK T: +44 (0)131 777 7368 E: [email protected]

www.pinsentmasons.com I www.Out-Law.com © Pinsent Masons LLP 2016

18 Sport

Cheryl March and Doug Clarke - right Shaun Jaffray Team Falklands at the Commonwealth Games A TEAM of fourteen competitors, shooters and badminton players, represented the Falkland Islands at the Gold Coast Commonwealth Games this year.

Above: The Team. Below: Nevin Middleton and Graham Didlick with Elanne Christie and father and daughter shooters Nevin and Charlotte Middleton

19 NNewsews Shackleton Scholarship Awards 2018 THE Shackleton Scholarship Fund, set up in 1995, announced awards totalling £17,714 (Academic £11,500; Quality of Life £6,214) for the 2018-19 fi nancial year. Academic Scholarships are awarded to enable people to visit the Falkland Islands or South Georgia for research into the natural, physical or social sciences; QoL Scholarships are for people whose visit to the Falkland Islands/South Georgia, or from the Falkland Islands to other parts of the world, would benefi t the Sir Ernest Shackleton Dr Rodrigo Olave Dr Amandine Gamble region and enhance the quality of life for Islanders. This year three awards Northern Ireland, to assess the carbon as adults. were made in each category. footprint of Falklands agriculture and Specialist netball coaches to give The three academic awards all had the impact of greenhouse gases. coaching and training sessions to an environmental focus. They were Sr Enrique Frers, a Chilean/ school and adult players, including offered to: Argentine agronomist working on the training for Level 1 Coach or Referee Dr Amandine Gamble, a French cultivation of tussac grass in Tierra del certifi cations. veterinary scientist with experience of Fuego, to make a comparative study Dr Michael Wing from the Aerial remote Indian Ocean islands, to study of tussac cultivation in the Falkland Information Systems Laboratory at infectious diseases which might pose Islands. Oregon State University in the USA to a threat to seabirds in the Southern The Quality of Life awards were to: give training in the use of drones for Oceans. Monika Lukomska, a local adults and children. Dr Rodrigo Olave, a Chilean resident, to run a series of workshops Application form for next year’s scientist currently working in the Agri- and events in the art of ‘story creation scholarships can be found on the SSF Food and Biosciences Institute in and story-telling’ for children as well website: www.schackletonfund.com Forth to replace Clyde in Falklands HMS Forth is the new guard ship for the Falkland Islands. Launched in 2016, the Forth will replace HMS Clyde, which has spent a decade as part of the defence of the Falklands. Commander Bob Laverty, who used to command HMS Clyde, was in command of the ship on her journey to Portsmouth and will later take her to the Falklands. She is a Batch 2 River Class ship. According to the Scottish Herald, Commander Laverty, 46, is pleased with his new charge and is quoted as saying, “It is truly a great privilege not only to take a new ship out but also a well formed and trained crew. I feel a great sense of pride and excitement to have the opportunity to put the ship and her company through its paces.” HMS Forth is described by the Royal Navy as, “the fi rst of a class of fi ve state-of-the-art Royal Navy vessels, designed for counter-piracy, anti-smuggling, fi shery protection, HMS Forth undergoing sea trials border patrol, counter terrorism and other maritime defence duties.” four ships are all expected to be in cannon instead of a 20mm main gun, Forth and her sisters: Trent, service by 2020. two Miniguns, four machine-guns and Medway, Tamar and Spey, represent According to information provided two Pacifi c 24 sea boats. a signifi cant upgrade on Tyne, by the Royal Navy, the Batch 2 Each ship is equipped with a fl ight Severn, Mersey and Clyde, which River Class patrol vessels are, at deck (only Clyde of the fi rst generation were designed and built 15 years ago. 24 knots, four knots faster than their craft can host a helicopter) and there Forth has been accepted by predecessors and will have a range of is accommodation for up to 50 troops/ the Royal Navy and will soon be 5,500 nautical miles. Royal Marines to support operations commissioned, while the remaining They carry a 30mm automatic ashore if needed. 20 EEventsvents

Above: A party was held to celebrate the marriage of the Duke of Sussex to Miss Megan Markle in May. Falklands children dressed as Princes and Princesses enjoyed a variety of activities Below: Rainbows Rose and Estella take the RAF 100 baton past the Liberation Monument.

May Queen Demi-Lou Stevens (front left) and May Princess Hollie-Anne Fuller with, to the rear, Prince Charming Lachlan Crowie (right) and runner up Criag Lewis (left) at the May Ball

21 HHistoryistory - thethe cconstitutiononstitution Prelude to a SOME 17 months after the Falklands war the then Deputy Secretary of Overseas and Defence Affairs, David Goodall, wrote to Margaret Thatcher to discuss the future Constitutional arrangements of the Falklands. Calling for a simple Constitution that cemented Islanders’ desire for self- determination, the letter set in motion a range of discussions between the Foreign Offi ce, Downing Street, and Councillors. Correspondence released by the UK National Archives in July 2018 provides a fascinating insight into the process by which the Constitution came to be. OTHER than a few underlined passages and highlights, the paper trail does not refl ect any reply or acknowledgement to Goodall’s letter. Nevertheless, work on the Islands’ new Constitution was much advanced by May 1984. In a letter to Prime Sir Rex Hunt Minister Margaret Thatcher, the then Foreign Secretary, Sir Geoffrey Howe, discuss the increasingly thorny topic longer have any measure of say in summarised some of the main points of a separate Constitution for the the running of the dependencies, and of the draft Constitution and sought Falkland Island Dependencies (South suggested that Sir Rex be given fi rm approval to proceed. Georgia and the South Sandwich instructions to “make it plain [to local The letter expressed the Foreign Islands), which effectively removed all Councillors] that our position is not Offi ce’s view that the Falkland Islands Falkland Islands Government control negotiable, either over the separate Government should become an uni- over them. Sir Rex, Howe wrote, Constitutions or regarding [ExCo] cameral one, with Executive Council “considers that Falkland Islanders, losing its present right to have a formal ceasing to exist and Legislative and perhaps Argentines also, will advisory role on Dependency affairs.” Council remaining as the only misinterpret a separate Constitution Thatcher, however, took a more decision making body. The issue, for the Dependencies as a signal that, pragmatic and uncharacteristically Howe goes on to say, “was fully ultimately, a British Government might empathetic view, calling upon Howe discussed with Councillors but they be prepared to surrender sovereignty to understand the Islanders’ feelings: were not persuaded,” although only over the Falkland Islands, retaining “although the dependencies may have by a narrow three to two majority. the Dependencies as stepping stones separate Constitutions, we should still Howe conceded that the argument to the Antarctic.” administer them either through the was not one worth having for fear of As it was, Sir Rex did not raise Civil and Military Commissioners or at the political implications of being seen the issue at Downing Street, but it least in consultation with them,” she to go against local Councillors’ wishes. nonetheless continued to monopolise wrote. However, a compromise was reached discussions on the new Constitution. Despite their conversation with by reconstituting Executive Council Howe remained confi dent that it would Howe, Councillors remained wary as a committee of Legislative Council. not be diffi cult to dispel the “unfounded of the international, and more Crucially for Howe, the proposal kept speculation” surrounding the reasons importantly, Argentine, perception. the uni-cameral ideal alive, laying as for the separate Constitutions, and David Thomas, an assistant under- it did “the foundations for the adoption claimed to have found unlikely allies Secretary for the FCO visiting the of a single council system at a later within Legislative Council: “Two Islands at the time, reported that the stage.” infl uential Falkland Island Councillors concern was just as great among Thatcher assented and, on Howe’s with whom we discussed the matter in Islanders, who were “deeply uneasy” recommendation, agreed to distribute London last week both acknowledged about the decision. the draft Constitution to “the Civil that the separate status of the In a telegram to the FCO in Commissioner (the Governor) for Dependencies was a fact of life,” he December 1984, Sir Rex reported discussion with offi cials and, later, wrote to the Prime Minister, “they felt that councillors, “might, reluctantly, elected councillors.” that, although there would inevitably acquiesce in HMG’s decision to The Constitution was on the agenda be some grumbling in the Islands, promulgate two Constitutions”, but when the then Civil Commissioner the separation of the Dependencies only if a preambular statement on for the Falklands, Sir Rex Hunt, met would be acceptable provided that the the right to self-determination was with the Prime Minister in October of two Constitutions were promulgated included and the dependencies 1984. Writing to Downing Street prior at the same time.” were administered by the Civil to the meeting, the Foreign Secretary For Howe, separate Constitutions Commissioner, “preferably in council.” forewarned that Sir Rex was likely to meant that the Falklands could no The fi rst was an easy enough fi x, and 22 HHistoryistory - thethe constitutionconstitution constitution writing to Downing Street two weeks reintroduced. Nevertheless, Thatcher later Howe proposed text based on supported reintroducing the title of the International Covenant on Civil Governor and corrected Howe on the and Political Rights. The second he original reason for the change - to was more reluctant to compromise give the Military Commissioner the on, and suggested a solution heavily necessary authority. laden with caveats: that the Civil When asked by her personal Commissioner for the Falklands secretary whether it would not look would, whenever practicable, consult “a bit vacillating” to switch back and ExCo on Dependency issues that, forth, Thatcher responded that “he will in the commissioner’s opinion, may be called Governor whatever title we affect the Falklands. The letter gives decide to give him.” an indication that Howe had softened The Civil Commissioner changed in his stance on Islanders’ concerns, title, and in October that year, in offi ce- or was at least indulging Thatcher’s Sir Geoffrey Howe holder too. Sir Rex left to be replaced empathetic views. While “to some The agreement cleared the way by Gordon Jewkes. In his ten-page extent emotive and irrational,” the for Legislative Council to approve valedictory dispatch, later described letter read, “it would be a great the fi rst draft of the two Constitutions by the Prime Minister’s personal mistake to ignore [the feelings of the on January 16 1985. In doing so, secretary as “characteristically Islanders].” councillors requested that the title trenchant,” Sir Rex was scathing Thatcher agreed to Howe’s of Governor be reinstated, replacing of the decision to separate the proposal, and in response to Islanders’ that of Civil Commissioner. The latter two Constitutions, urging advisers concerns, pointed out that keeping title, Howe explained in a letter to not to ignore the clause calling for the status quo may have played just the Primer Minister, was introduced consultation with ExCo. “In truth,” he as badly internationally, as the lack of to distance the administration of the concludes, “anything to do with South a population in South Georgia could Islands from the Colonial past, and Georgia and the South Sandwich have diluted the Falklands’ argument consequently the colonial perception Islands affects the Falkland Islands.” for self-determination. could be reinforced if the title was R Cordeiro Falkland Islands Tours & Travel Ltd

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23 HHistoryistory - thethe i sheryshery Story of an economic boom: IN a second offering of Downing Street correspondence released last month, Roddy Cordeiro takes a look at the establishment of the fi shery industry, the conservation zones and the break-neck economic development of the late eighties as seen through the eyes of Government House and the Foreign Offi ce in missives sent to the Prime Minister’s Offi ce. AS he left the Falklands, Sir Rex Hunt was clear about the Foreign Offi ce’s lack of faith in fi shing as the key to the Falklands’ future economy, “we were wrong not to declare a 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone when we lifted the Total Exclusion Zone in 1982,” he argued. In a fi nal dispatch highly critical of the FCO’s position on a number of issues West farmer Nigel Knight, Governor Gordon Jewkes with Baroness concerning the Falklands and South Thatcher Georgia, Sir Rex also condemned the FCO’s reluctance to increase the only be FIGAS aircraft but also the South America. The fear is that too Islands’ territorial limit from 3 to 12 (military) patrol vessels and aircraft: many concessions to the international miles. The latter, Sir Rex noted, being “poachers are unlikely to dally in our lobby on fi shing could presage similar the normal limit elsewhere, including EFL once they have been “buzzed” by concessions on sovereignty in the countries whose vessels were now a Hercules.” future. Thus, they see fi shing as the fi shing around the Falklands. The Sir Rex’s views on the matter litmus paper test of HMG’s long-term 3-mile limit in force at the time, he (and many others besides) were not commitment to the Islands.” said, had led to a “dramatic increase in gratefully received by the Foreign Jewkes, who was considered the number of foreign fi shing vessels Offi ce. Having fi rst sent Sir Rex’s to be less of a thorn in the FCO’s hoovering up our fi sh and squid not dispatch to the Prime Minister, side, nonetheless saw the potential fi ve miles offshore.” Foreign Secretary Sir Geoffrey Howe implications of unabated fi shing to His concerns were not just political. replied “in spirited fashion not to say the Falklands economy. His view on “A 12-mile territorial limit”, Sir Rex indignantly”, as the Prime Minister’s the way in which those implications wrote, “would go some way to protect private secretary described it, to Sir could be realised, however, suggests the feeding grounds on which the Rex’s criticisms. that he shared his employers’ gross Islands’ unique wildlife depend during For one, the FCO believed fi sheries underestimation of the potential value their breeding season.” revenue resulting from an EFL was of the fi shery, “even present income The territorial limit notwithstanding, likely to be between £1.7 and £3.5m, could be drastically reduced owing Sir Rex remained convinced that and further believed the likely cost of to the loss of valuable harbour dues an Exclusive Fisheries Limit (EFL) enforcement to be some £3m. “On the if foreign ships were driven away for of 150 miles (“or, better still, 200 optimistic assumption that there is no lack of fi sh.” miles”) should be established. And signifi cant challenge to the regime, The letters do not mention a fi shing established unilaterally at that, arguing the likely fi nancial out-turn for the zone again until early 1988; a year that the multilateral approach, “which Falkland Islands Government thus after the declaration of the 150-mile [had] been interpreted by the world’s varies from a moderate surplus to a FICZ. That year, while in London, fi shing fl eet as an open invitation to signifi cant defi cit.” Councillor Terry Betts met with make hay while the sun shines,” was Failure to reach a multilateral Tim Eggar, the then Parliamentary unlikely to bear fruit before stocks agreement, said Howe, would require Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs. were permanently reduced. “If we more enforcement and consequently Councillor Betts had originally sought have no doubt about our sovereignty incur higher costs, particularly if those a meeting with the Prime Minister (a over the Islands,” he added,“we can assets were military, as the costs meeting request which, according to have no doubt about our sovereignty would be charged to FIG. “The whole letters from the Foreign Offi ce, neither over the seas around them.” operation would almost certainly be other Councillors nor the Governor Sir Rex also rubbished the then rapidly and substantially tipped into were aware of), but her schedule did belief that if an EFL were to be defi cit. The sums involved would be not allow the time and Mr Eggar was established, the cost of policing it far beyond the resources of FIG,” he suggested instead. would make it self-defeating. An EFL’s argued. In a note updating Downing Street existence alone, he argued, would be The subject of fi shing was one fresh on the meeting, the FCO reported enough to deter some “Johnny-come- on Councillors’ minds when Governor that Mr Betts pushed for the FICZ lately” fi shing fl eets. In any case, Sir Jewkes sent his 1985 review to to be extended to 200 miles and the Rex remained confi dent that the costs London. “Their concern goes beyond territorial sea to be extended to 12 of enforcement could be recovered revenue and conservation,” he wrote, miles. Although the FCO held “open from licence fees. The practical role “they see it as a choice for HMG minds” on both issues, Mr Eggar told of policing, he argued somewhat between Islander interests and wider Mr Betts that, “it would be right to see ambitiously, could be fulfi lled not political interests e.g. relations with whether the fi sheries exchanges with 24 HHistoryistory - thethe i sheryshery How the fi shery came to be the Argentines make any headway criticise it.” Major, Hurd explained that the before taking any fi rm view on the Elsewhere, talks were ongoing with agreement had various advantages. extension of the FICZ.” With regards Argentina to agree on an extension Not only did it mean that the FICZ to the territorial limit, however, the of the FICZ to 200 miles. Letters could be extended to 200 miles, it also concerns expressed by Sir Rex 3 surrounding the talks between the represented Argentine agreement to years earlier were not shared by either then new Foreign Secretary, Sir a de-facto Western boundary, “which man, “[Mr Eggar] noted, and Mr Betts Douglas Hurd, and Downing Street, will make it more diffi cult in practice agreed, that extension of the territorial have not yet been released. The for them to claim sovereignty over the sea would bring no obvious benefi t to talks, however, culminated in a joint Falkland Islands and will strengthen the Islands at this time.” statement issued in Madrid on 24 our position on fi sheries vis-à-vis third Meanwhile, in the Falklands, things November 1990. countries.” were changing apace. In his farewell Writing to Prime Minister John R Cordeiro dispatch, Governor Jewkes gives the impression of a population coming to terms with the Islands’s new-found wealth. The Government’s revenues, Jewkes notes, were set to rise from £6m 1985-86 to a projected £35m in 1988-89. And as the fi shery industry took off, so did the local interest in participating: “another licence allocation exercise is under way with more local residents than ever before hoping to be selected as the channels through which foreign fi shing interests will secure licences. Not all Falkland Islander applicants will be successful, and there will undoubtedly be plenty of scope for some to accuse the vulnerable Fisheries Department of favouritism and insensitivity.” Jewkes’ replacement, William Fullerton, picked up where Jewkes Above: The Falklands’ current fi shery patrol vessel Protegat had left off, noting that eleven different Below: Fishing vessels and cruise ship near Stanley nationalities of vessel were granted licences as part of an allocation policy “that needs clarifi cation.” Like Jewkes before him, Governor Fullerton noted the mistrust of incomers and contract offi cers present in some circles as the Islanders adjusted to their new-found economic independence, “there is a steadily developing assertiveness in certain Falkland circles which is fair enough, though it has led to one or two emotive decisions not necessarily in Island interests,” he said, adding, From the Falkland Islands Fisheries Department “some of these incipient nationalists will need to give more thought to the THE introduction of a fi sheries conservation zone and fi sheries management effect on public opinion in the United regime in 1986 transformed the economy of the Falkland Islands. Falkland Kingdom of legislation in favour of Islands Government (FIG) revenue increased by 500%, securing self- Falklands companies which results suffi ciency in all areas except defence and external affairs. Annual revenue in discrimination against foreign and from fi shing licence fees averaged £20 Million for the fi rst 20 years although United Kingdom interests.” latterly this has reduced to around £13 Million. The fi shery accounts for Fullerton also noted how a small some 40% of GDP. The Falklands fi shery is not large in world terms; total body such as Executive Council was catches are about a third of those taken in the UK for example. However, now having to make fi nancial decisions the fi shery is unusual in that in a typical year two species of squid account which in other countries would involve for 75% of all catches. If you eat calamari in southern Europe there is about a number of City disciplines. ExCo a 50% chance it is a Falklands squid! members, he felt, did not always adjust Whilst the economic impact of the fi shery has been transformational the to the rigours of being in Government fundamental management objective is the long-term sustainability of fi shery in a small community, “a Councillor in resources for the benefi t of future generations. This includes not only the ExCo, and therefore himself part of commercial target species but also reducing harmful impacts on bycatch Government, may support a measure species, seabirds, and marine mammals. FIG makes a signifi cant investment in council and then faced with criticism in fi sheries science and protection to achieve these objectives in the infamous Globe later in the day 25 OObituariesbituaries

LORD CARRINGTON: CONSERVATIVE STATESMAN: 1919-2018 PETER Carrington, the 6th Baron In memory of Carrington and Life Peer, died on 9 July 2018, aged 99 years, the longest and their maritime zone. But Ridley serving member of the House of Lords received little encouragement when and, after the Duke of Edinburgh, of he visited the Islands in November the Privy Council. 1980 and the concept of lease- Educated at Eton and Sandhurst back was savaged in the House of and earning a Military Cross as Commons when he reported back a cavalry offi cer in WW2, he held to Parliament on 2 December. Mrs high political offi ce in six successive Thatcher was alarmed and stressed Conservative Governments (from that no pressure should be put on the Churchill to Thatcher) before he Islanders to accept anything against resigned as Foreign Secretary their wishes: the idea of an ‘education because of the Argentine invasion campaign’ was put fi rmly on hold. of the Falkland Islands in 1982. Further talks were held in February Afterwards, he continued to have an 1981 and again in February 1982, infl uence on international events as when the Argentines pressed for a Secretary General of NATO (1984- permanent negotiating commission, 88) and as EU Peace envoy to former meeting monthly, with working groups Yugoslavia (1990-91). He also had a on specialist issues. Lord Carrington successful career in the commercial was prepared to go along with this but world and served as Chancellor of the not on the timetable proposed – his University of Reading (1992-2007). aim was to spin things out – and only Lord Carrington was above all a man if discussions remained confi dential of honour, which made his resignation Andrew Tift’s stunning portrait of until governments had been after the Falklands debacle in 1982 Lord Carrington was painted to consulted. But the new Argentine entirely predictable. His decision was hang in the House of Lords Junta under General Galtieri issued undoubtedly infl uenced by the Crichel could not continue in offi ce at a time of a communique revealing the scope Down affair in 1954, when Sir Thomas deep national humiliation. The policy of the discussions and warning that Dugdale resigned, following a public of trying to negotiate the impossible if early steps were not taken towards inquiry which had heavily criticised could no longer be justifi ed in the face a transfer of sovereignty, Argentina his department’s refusal to restore of Argentine aggression. reserved the right to choose the agricultural land requisitioned by the Lord Carrington was, of course, procedure which best accorded military to its original ownership. Lord a man of his time. He approached with its interests. Mrs Thatcher Carrington was a junior Minister in the the Falkland Islands issue against annotated her copy: “We must make Ministry of Agriculture at the time. He the background of what had gone contingency plans.” In March 1982, offered his resignation but was asked on before. In the late 1960s, at a the crisis on South Georgia erupted to remain in offi ce. Nevertheless the time of active decolonisation, the and events moved inexorably towards principle of Ministerial responsibility Labour Government in 1966-68 had the Argentine invasion of the Falkland will have been deeply ingrained in nearly reached an understanding Islands on 2 April. him. with the Government of Argentina on An Assessment Lord Carrington was quick to resign a transfer of sovereignty until Lord As Foreign Secretary, Lord in 1982 for his department’s failure to Chalfont received a fl ea in his ear Carrington faced an almost anticipate the Argentine invasion of 2 from the Islanders, Parliament and the impossible task – trying to manoeuvre April 1982. The UK Government was press. Throughout the 1970s, the UK between an Argentina pressing its caught unprepared. Lord Carrington sought to improve relations between sovereignty claim (which had nearly had left for talks in Israel (from which Argentina and the Falkland Islands, been successful in 1966-68) and the he had to rush back). The intelligence leading to an Argentine stranglehold Falkland Islanders, who resolutely community had no inkling of Argentine over air and sea communications and opposed any diminution of British intentions (nor had the US). Senior oil supplies. At one point, the Labour sovereignty (and who could, through UK military fi gures were out of the Government suggested condominium; the FI Committee, drum up strong country. So it was left to the First Sea Argentina proposed instead a transfer support in Parliament and the media Lord, Admiral Sir Henry Leach, to of sovereignty but with a lease-back in their favour). He was never wholly rush to Parliament to give the Prime for a period of years. wedded to lease-back but saw it as Minister the assurance that a British When Lord Carrington became the least objectionable option. He was Task Force could be mobilised – and it Foreign Secretary in May 1979, he not above having secret talks with was Mrs Thatcher’s personal courage favoured continued negotiation with the Argentines but recognised that and determination that led her to the Argentines and allowed the lease- nothing could be fi nalised without the decide, against the inclination of her back option to be explored further. In acceptance of the Islanders. Once Defence Secretary, John Nott, that it secret talks in August 1980, Nicholas lease-back had been effectively killed should. Ridley, the FCO Minister with day-to- off, he fell back on stringing out the Lord Carrington realised that he day responsibility, was authorised to negotiations in order to prevent the would have to go, when he and John hand over a paper, which proposed Argentines from taking matters into Nott received an absolute mauling immediate transfer of sovereignty but their own hands – but events overtook from the infl uential 1992 Committee with continued British administration him. He was certainly alert to signals of Conservative backbench MPs. As under a lease-back arrangement for that Argentina might misinterpret: a peer, he knew that he would not be 99 years plus further co-operation he argued strongly against the de- able to defend his policies in the House arrangements to promote the commissioning of HMS Endurance of Commons and that personally he economic development of the Islands and tried to make a special case 26 OObituariesbituaries Lord Peter Carrington for granting British citizenship to the Falkland Islanders in the new Nationality Act 1981 but never found suffi cient support (even, initially, from Mrs Thatcher). It was a time of elevated tensions in the Cold War following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The UK also faced severe economic problems and budgetary pressures with questions over the nuclear deterrent. The 1979 Defence Review proposed major cuts in the MOD budget. The prospect of reinforcing the defence of the Falklands and maintaining their commercial links with the outside world, which Argentina could easily suspend, was never considered a realistic option – hence the somewhat derogatory term ‘Fortress Falklands’ which was always Lord Peter Carrington quickly dismissed as impractical. The position of the Falklands was which Lord Carrington endorsed, September 1982 resulted in the very different at that time – a tiny was always to encourage Islanders Falklands of today, with its thriving population of some 1,800 people, to accept some form of economic co- economy and burgeoning population with a declining economy reliant on operation with Argentina. proud of its British heritage. wool exports and on South America The Argentine invasion of the Looking back on the outcome, Lord for its imports. Not surprisingly, there Falkland Islands on 2 April 1982 Carrington may well have conceded was little UK support for the costly and their liberation by British armed that the UK’s fi rm military response developmental recommendations forces on 14 June 1982 marked a to Argentine aggression and military of Lord Shackleton’s report of 1976 real turning point for the Falkland invasion was justifi ed – and that the (which might have put UK trade with Islands. The implementation of Islanders’ subsequent success story Argentina, then worth some £240 the key recommendations of Lord had made it all worthwhile. million a year, at risk). UK policy, Shackleton’s follow-up report of Births, marriages and deaths

Births: 20.07.18 Harrison James King-Clark 15.06.18 Arlene Cairel Ochea & 02.03.18 Kelsey Juliet Goodwin- to Douglas James Clark & Roxanne Valdamar Lars Berntsen Dominguez to Matthew Gerald McCarthy King-Clark 12.07.18 Michael Floyd & Celia Goodwin & Karina Daniela 28.07.18 Zoe Danielle Rose Soledad Short Dominguez Aguilar Talmarkes to John-Ross Talmarkes & 28.07.18 Christopher Hawksworth 16.03.18 Montserrat Balladares Zara Elizabeth Stevens & Cara Jane McGill Reyes to Patricio Andres 13.08.18 Charlotte Lauryn Plato-Reid Balladares Vergara & Katherine to Tiphanie Diane Rodriguez-Reid & Deaths: Patricia Reyes Jeria Alex Rhys Plato 25.02.18 Robert Ernest Gilbert 31.03.18 Mazikeen Brianna 14.08.18 Poppy Moira McGhie to 27.02.18 David William McGill Duncan Dominguez to Natalhy Jodie Kim McGhie & Roy McGhie 31.01.18 Paul Cyril Watson Andrea Dominguez Aguilar & 05.03.18 Albert Dat Wai Low Robert Alfred Duncan Marriages: 09.03.18 Mary Margaret Johnson 19.04.18 Ellie Elizabeth McKay to 10.02.18 Ian Peter France & 29.12.18 Colin George MacDonald John David Toby McKay & Kirsty Samantha Jane Dodd 17.02.18 Bjarne Bahne Larsen Elizabeth Johnston 25.02.18 Sherwin Visaya Deloso & 04.06.18 Emily Rose Goodwin 03.05.18 Bailey Austin Dickson Mary Shirnelou Ngo Amper 16.06.18 Edith Joan Biggs to Jessica Rose Morris & Jason 03.03.18 Karina Belbuena Rouira & 25.06.18 Iris Dickson Edward Dickson Owen Betts 05.06.18 Lily Ann Johnson 09.07.18 Marli Luke Goss- 17.03.18 Duane Richard Evans & 06.07.18 Derek Robert Thomas MacDonald to Sherilee Christine Leigh Francesca Robertson Rozee Goss-MacDonald & Alexander 02.04.18 Catherine Yuying Xia & 05.04.18 Graeme John Hemming Colin Goss-MacDonald Matthew Thomas Parker 20.07.18 Rosie Idina Hansen 15.07.18 Keaton Ty Clarke to 21.04.18 Lucas Delhi John Berntsen 02.08.18 Peter Robert Short Jane Alexander Goss & Jonathan & Victoria Jane Lee 28.08.18 Gerald William Dickson Terence Clarke

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28 Pebble: An island of opportunities AFTER nearly 150 years in the ownership farmers, creating a growing tourist communicative young farmers who took of the Dean family, Pebble Island is to be business. This is fuelled by the variety of on the lease nearly four years ago. sold, Claire Harris told the FIA Newsletter. wildlife that can be seen, and the isolated The island has great potential for the Mrs Harris is the granddaughter of the beauty of the island, along with the fortunate purchaser, to continue the last Dean to have lived in the Falklands. important historical sites - Pebble Island success of the 158 year sheep and cattle The name ‘Pebble’ comes from the was where the fi rst land-based action of farming tradition, along with the relatively unusual translucent pebbles which the 1982 war took place. new self-catering business, or perhaps could once be found on its beaches and The land is varied with heathland, cliffs, a new initiative. The possibilities are for many visitors the island has a very lakes, beautiful four mile long Elephant considerable. special place in their hearts. beach, and three peaks, the highest Along with the sale of Pebble come Pebble is the third largest off-shore reaching 907 feet. hardworking and enthusiastic tenant island in the Falklands and the sheep Pebble has a large wetland area farmers who leased the island from July farm (the third farm established in the and this is now an Important bird area 2014. Should any purchasers not wish Falklands) was established in 1860 by with 42 breeding species including all them to continue they will have to give John Markham Dean who then bought of the 18 species of waterfowl found in fi ve years notice. the island from the government in 1869. the Falklands. Five species of penguin 100 acres can be withdrawn from their Pebble is a 45 minute fl ight by the can sometimes be seen in a day along lease, by the purchasers should they wish small Islander FIGAS plane from Stanley with Southern Giant Petrels, King to build their own retreat, establish high (30 minutes from Mount Pleasant Cormorants, Commerson’s dophins and end tourism, or start a new enterprise, Airport), and arrival is over the beautiful sealions. Eight of the Falklands’ endemic etc, within the fi ve year notice period. sandy beach before landing on the grass plants are found on Pebble. Any potential purchasers who are not airstrip. Sheep numbers have dropped to a little Falkland Islanders, or have not been The island is 19 miles by four miles (at in excess of 6,000 and there is a market resident there for more than two years , its widest). The settlement is in the middle for the island’s wool and meat. The will need to apply to the government for of the 10,622 hectare farm and consists lessee farmers are looking to improve a licence. of a number of residential, utility and farm pasture, begin cropping, and to increase Those seriously interested in buildings although some have fallen into numbers of cattle, and Dean Brothers is the freehold sale of Pebble Island disrepair as they are no longer in use. supporting them in their work as can be should please contact Claire Harris at The six bedroom guest house ‘The seen by the investment into the island [email protected] for the Lodge’ which is privately owned is also to bring it back to its former glory. Great sales package which will be available in the settlement, along with two self- improvements are already obvious within the next few months. catering cottages run by the lessee thanks to the enthusiastic, energetic and

29 Association news

ON May 25, 2018, the General do not share a single offi ce. The data Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) held on the old database has been came into force in the UK. This successfully transferred and training provides new privacy rights and provided. The new system is much protections to members of the public From thehe more capable and makes routine, and imposes new responsibilities administrative tasks easier. The on all organisations, including the Hon Secc security of member details has been FIA, which hold personal data such a priority issue; knowledge of the as names and addresses. The hosting arrangements and passwords Association takes its responsibilities is confi ned to a very small group and towards its members and their privacy we are confi dent of the security of the very seriously. We have registered team of unpaid volunteers who work system. with the Information Commissioner’s from home and in their own time. The next Battle Day ceremony is Offi ce (ICO) and shall comply with We are keen to keep administration on Saturday, 8 December. It consists both the spirit and the letter of the simple and effi cient. We have of a short wreath-laying service at new arrangements. To this end, the therefore adopted a new database the Cenotaph in Whitehall starting at Executive Committee has agreed to store member details. This has 11am. After that, we walk to the Royal a Privacy Policy which sets out our been made possible by a generous United Services Institute for the AGM approach; this is on the website. donation from Fortuna Ltd, based in and a buffet lunch. If you have not Two key points are: we only store Stanley. We have selected a system been to Battle Day before, I would information which members provide, provided by a reliable company with strongly recommend that you should and we never give out member details considerable experience of small, join us; it is a convivial opportunity to without the permission of the member not-for-profi t organisations. It uses meet other members. An application concerned, which will be sought in the internet and can be accessed by form for AGM & Lunch tickets is every case. several users in different parts of the included in this Newsletter. The Association is run by a small country; this is important because we Tym Marsh I AM pleased to report that, subject acting Governor of the Falkland to the AGM’s approval, the search Islands during the hiatus between for a successor to our outgoing Governors Nigel Haywood and Chairman has been successful. John Colin Roberts in 2014. Duncan has kindly agreed to allow He also has wider Overseas his name to go forward for election Territory experience, having been to the post at the Association’s Governor of the British Virgin AGM on 8 December. John has Islands in 2017-18. He is a digital recently retired from the Foreign & communications expert and in 2013- Commonwealth Offi ce (FCO) after 14 served as Additional Director for a varied and distinguished career in the Overseas Territories, responsible the Diplomatic Service – his full CV for building up their external is on the FIA website. communications capacity. He has John has extensive experience on John Duncan agreed to help us in reviewing the South Atlantic policy issues, having & Antarctica Dept (1996-98) and more FIA website and developing our use been deputy and briefl y head of recently Director of Southern Ocean of social media. We look forward to South Atlantic Dependent Territories Territories (2017-18). He served as working with him.

Advertise with Penguin News The newspaper of the Falkland Islands Colour Full page £215 Half page £113 Quarter page £62 1/8th page £32 Black and White Full page £125 Half page £70 Quarter page £42 e: [email protected] 1/8th page £22 p: 21084/32491 [email protected]

30 FIA information Membership Application The Falkland Islands Association A photocopy is acceptable to save cutting your copy of President: The Rt Hon The Lord Hurd CH CBE. the Newsletter or forms can be downloaded from the FIA Vice Presidents: General Sir Peter de la Billiere KCB website at www.fi association.com KBE DSO MC MSC DL, General Sir Michael Rose KCB CBE DSO QGM DL, Mr David Tatham CMG, I wish to support the right of the people of the Falkland Hon Cindy Buxton, Mrs Merle Christie, Islands to decide their own future. I wish to join the Falkland Mr ECJ Clapp MBE, Dr R Elgood, Islands Association (see membership rates elsewhere on Mr CE Needham CBE, Councillor RE Walker. this page).

Chairman: Mr Alan Huckle Name:...... Vice Chairman: Mr Saul Pitaluga Hon Secretary: Mr Tym Marsh Address:...... Hon Treasurer: Mr Tym Marsh The Falkland Islands Association brings together those ...... who support the continuing freedom of the people of the Falkland Islands. Its Constitution states that its Connection to/interest in Falklands:...... objectives are: “To assist the people of the Falkland Islands to decide their own future for themselves in ...... accordance with their own wishes.” The Association is independent but maintains close Tel:...... Email:...... links with many other Falklands’ organisations. It is a major source of information about the Falklands. It Signature:...... Date:...... publishes a newsletter, which all members receive, covering political and social events in the Islands, wildlife, tourism, philately, and many other subjects. It welcomes interest in the Falklands and invites all those who share its aims to become members. Standing Order Form Advertising Name of Your Bank:...... The present circulation of the Newsletter is 4,000 copies. It Branch Address:...... is distributed to Members of the Association, all Members of the House of Commons, the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly, members of the House of Lords, ...... all British Members of the European Parliament, and to the press, radio and television. Many copies circulate in Please pay The Falkland Islands Association at NatWest, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and St James & Piccadilly Branch, 208 Piccadilly, London W1J other Commonwealth and foreign countries. Five hundred 9HE, Sort Code 56 00 29, Account No 24223999, the sum copies are distributed in the Falkland Islands. of ……… pounds on receipt of this order and thereafter annually on 1 April. Advertising rates as follows: Full page...... £250 Name:...... Half page...... £125 Quarter page...... £65 Address:...... Eighth page...... £35 Short insertions...... £3 per line ...... Discounts for four insertions by negotiation. A special concession is offered to Association members living in the Account no:...... Falkland Islands, who own small shops and businesses, to advertise at half the above rates. Sort Code:......

Membership rates: (Associate = student/pensioner) Account Name:...... Option A: membership with Newsletter posted to address Reference to be used (Surname, First Name, Initials): Individual Member (UK/FI) £20 Associate Member (UK/FI) £15 ...... Individual Member (Overseas) £25 Privacy. The FIA takes care to protect the personal information Associate member (Overseas) £20 provided by members. For details of our approach, please see the Privacy Policy on our website. Corporate Member £50 (minimum) Corporate Sponsor £500 Option B: membership without Newsletter which can be Date for viewed and downloaded from the FIA website. Individual Member (UK) £15 Associate Member (UK) £10 your 2018 diary Individual Member (Overseas) £15 Saturday, 8 December: Battle Day Ceremony at the Associate member (Overseas) £10 Cenotaph and FIA AGM

31 Falkland Islanders who gave their lives in the service of their country in WW1 Roll of Honour

Norman Aitken, James Allen, Gerald Wolstan Baillon, Frederick Biggs, William Blyth, Singleton Bonner, John Murray Dickie, Herbert Gaylard, John Eric Goodhart, Robert Greenshields-Douglas, Claude Hardy, Ernest Kelway, Andrew Lees, John Waldron Matthews, Peter McKay, Charles Newing, Robert Christopher Pack, Henry Phillips, Walter Shire, Ernest Spencer, Maxwell Williams, Stuart Williams

They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old: Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn. At the going down of the sun and in the morning, We will remember them

32 32