4 CU.MBERLAND.

silver, and yielded 6,43~ ounces in that year. The zinc little south of Penrith, from which station it has :t. mines produced 8,396 tons, valued at £37,351; the joint line with the Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith amount of zinc obtained by smelting was 4,551 tons. railway to the coa~t ports of )Vhitehaven, Workington Stone is employed for most buildings, brick being little and Maryport; the main line proceeds to , where used. In 1904 igneous rock (which includes granite) it joins the Caledonian railway, ente'ring Scotland at ~as raised to the extent of 90,501 tons; 43,2T4 tons of Gretna Junction; at Carlisle the London and North sandstone (including ganister); 5°6,994 tons of lime­ )Vestern also joins the Maryport and Carlisle railway, stone; 1"':,3°8 tons of gravel and sand, and 7,431 tons of which runs via Wigton and Aspatria (with a loop to slates. Mealsgate) to Maryport and Cockermonth, and from . The cotton manufacture is pursued at Carlisle and Carlisle also starts the N urth British brall'Ch line tu neighbourhood; iron ship building is carried on at the Silloth and Port Carlisle, which connects with the ports; paper is also made to some extent, and black­ Maryport and Carlisle line by the Caledonian line from lead pencils are made at Keswick. Abbey Junction to Brayton, which line goes northward,. Although the climate and the small quantity of arable via Whitrigg and Bowness, across the Solway Firth to land limit the extent of husbandry, the county has of Annan and Kirthebridge. late years improved, and nluch land has been inclosed. The Midland railway enters the county a few miles­ The grass lands feed many cattle and sheep, and a north of Temple Sowerby, passes by Lazonby to Carlisle, large quantity of dairy produce is obtained. where it connf'cts with the North British line via Long'­ The rivers and lakes contain salmon, trout, char, pike, town and Riddings Junction for Langholm, St. Boswells­ perch, carp, eels and brandling, and on the shores are &c. good fisheries. There is game on the hills and moors, The Newcastle and Carlisle section of the Nortli including grouse; the shooting on the moors is let for Eastern railway enters the cuunty at Gilsland, and pro­ large sums. ceeds via Bampton (where it is joine.d by a branch from The municipal boroughs are Carlisle, a cathedral Gity, Alston via Lambley) to Carlisle. The Ravenglass ana with a population in 1861 of 29,417; 1871, 31,°74; 1881, Eskdale line runs to Boot, and the Furne~s railway has 35,884.; T691, 39,176; and in T901, 45,480; Whitehaven, a line from Foxfield Junction along the coast and' 19,324; and Workington, with a population of 26,143 in through St. Bees to Whitehaven. 1901. Other towns are Alston, 3,134; Brampton, 2,494; The following are the Unions and the townships canT­ COf'kermouth, 5,355; Egremont, 5,761; Harrington, tained in them:- 3,679; Keswick, 4,451; Maryport, II,897; Penrith, 9,182; Millom, 10,425; and Wig-ton, 3,692. AI.STO~ UNION. Maryport, Whitehaven and Workington are seaports, Alston with Garrigill exporting coal to other coast ports, Maryport having the largest trade; these towns are also engaged in the iron BOOTLE UNION. manufacture. Port Carlisle and Silloth Bay are the out­ Birker & Austhwaite Millom ports of Carlisle. Ravenglass is a small fishing port. Hootle Millom Rural' The Registration districts are as follows:- Corney MuncasLer Drig-g L"lpha " " Ei'lkdale & ~rasdale v,'a berthwaite­ Population No. Name. Acres. Holmrook Whickham 19°1. Trton, Santon & Melthwaite Whitbeck - I BSAMPTON UNION•. 568 Alston ...... 36,97[ 3,134 Askerton Farlam 569 ])enrith ...... 188,291 22.2°5 Brampton Geltsclale' 57° Br~mpton .....•...... 97,697 8,785 Burtholme Hayton 571 I.Jongtown...... 88,475 6,676 . 2 Carlisle ...... 69,25° 62,861 Carlatton Irthington' 57 King-water 573 W"igtOIl ...... 138,620 22,3°1 Castle Carrock Midgeholme­ 574 Cockermouth ...... 170 ,355 69,536 Cumwhitton \\'aJt.on 575 Whitehaven ...... 9°.784 57,542 Denton, X ether 576 Hootle ...... 92,643 15,893 Waterhead

. " Denton, Upper The county is divided into wards, as under:­ CARLISLE UNION. Acres. Aglionby tirinsdale Beaumont Kingmoor AlIerdale, above Derwent.. .. 2°7,579 AlIerdale, helow Derwent .. 155,080 Bellevue Kirkandrews-upon-Edeu Burgh-by-Sands Orton Cumberlalld . 88,417 Carlisle Rockcliff Eskdale . 182,344 . 216,296 Carlisle(St.CuthbertWithout) Stanwix Derwent (division) . 1 Crosby-upon-Eden Warwick 147,7 5 Cummersdale ""etheral City:- Dalston Wreav. CarlIsle . COCKERlIlOUTH UNION. Above Derwent TotaL 1,001,273 Flimby Bassenthwaite Gilcrux The shire town of is Carlisle, where the & Bcwaldcth Snittlegarth Greysouthen• assi7.:es are held; the county is in the 1'\orthern Circuit. lllindbothel Isell Old Park The Midsummer and Christmas Quarter Sessions are Blindcrake, Isel1 & Reclmain Ke;;wick held at Carlisle, and the Easter and Michaelmas Borrowdalc Lorton Se!!sions at Cockermouth. Bothel & Threapland Loweswater County Courts are held at Alston, Brampton, Carlisle, Brackenthwaite 1\Iaryport Cockermouth, Keswick, Penrith, Whitehaven, "'igton Bridekirk l\Ioi'lser and Workington. Whitehaven Court has jurisdiction in Brigham !'Ietherhall Admiralty cases. Broughton Oughterside & Allerby Eccle;;:iasLically, Cumberland is" in the province of Broughton Moor Papcast.le York, and chiefly in the diocese of Carlisle; except the Buttermere Plumbland parish of Alston, which is in that of Newcastle, it is in Camerton Ribton the archdeaconries of Carlisle Elnd Westmoreland, the Castlcrig-g St. Johns & Seaton total number of parishes being 208. Carlisle arch­ Wythbllrn Setmurthv • deacunry is sub-divided into the rural deaneries of Clifton, Great Skiddaw Avpleby and Kirkby Stephcn, Brampton, Carlisle­ Clifton, Little Stainbllrn North, Carlisle South, Lowther, M aryport, Penrith­ Cloffocks Sunderland East, Penrith-West, and Wigton. Westmoreland arch­ Cockermouth Tallentire deaconry is sub-divided into the rural deaneries of Crosscanonby L"nderskiddaw Cockermouth, Keswick and Whitehaven. Dean Whinfell Railways.-The county is traversed from south to Dearham Winscales north hy the London and North Western and Midland Dovenbv• W Ot"kington lines, and from east to west by the N urth Eastern, be­ Eaglesfield Workington Rural sidps having several local lines. Ellenborongh & Ewanrigg Wythup The London and North Western enters the county 11 Embleton