FAMILY Synaphobranchidae Johnson, 1862 - cutthroat eels SUBFAMILY Ilyophinae Jordan & Davis, 1891 - arrowtooth eels [=Ilyophididae, Dysommidae, Todarus, Nettodaridae, Dysomminidae, Todaridae] Notes: Ilyophididae Jordan & Davis, 1891:670 [ref. 2437] (family) Ilyophis [stem changed to Ilyoph- by Gilbert 1891:351 [ref. 1625] [published after the separate of ref. 2437 ?], confirmed by Regan 1912d:380 [ref. 31893] and by Robins & Robins 1989:234 [ref. 13287]] Dysommidae Gill, 1893b:132 [ref. 26255] (family) Dysomma [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; stem emended to Dysommat- by Steyskal 1980:173 [ref. 14191]; family name sometimes seen as Dyssommidae or Dyssommatidae] Todarus Grassi & Calandruccio, 1896:349 [ref. 1877] (no family-group name) Nettodaridae Whitley, 1951b:407 [ref. 4715] (family) Nettodarus [senior objective synonym of Todaridae Greenwood, Rosen, Weitzman & Myers, 1966] Dysomminidae Böhlke & Hubbs, 1951:10 [ref. 32594] (family) Dysommina [family name sometimes seen as Dysominidae or Dyssominidae] Todaridae Greenwood, Rosen, Weitzman & Myers, 1966:393 [ref. 26856] (family) Todarus Grassi & Calandruccio [name only; junior objective synonym of Nettodaridae Whitley, 1951, invalid, Article 61.3.2]

GENUS Atractodenchelys Robins & Robins, 1970 - arrowtooth eels [=Atractodenchelys Robins [C. H.] & Robins [C. R.], 1970:296] Notes: [ref. 3783]. Fem. Atractodenchelys phrix Robins & Robins, 1970. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Atractodenchelys Robins & Robins, 1970 -- (Robins & Robins 1976:250 [ref. 3784], Robins & Robins 1989:240 [ref. 13287], Chen & Mok 1995:927 [ref. 21892], Smith 2003:723 [ref. 26989], Karmovskaya 2003:441 [ref. 27168]). Current status: Valid as Atractodenchelys Robins & Robins, 1970. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae.

Species Atractodenchelys phrix Robbins & Robbins, 1970 - arrowtooth eel [=Atractodenchelys phrix Robins [C. H.] & Robins [C. R.], 1970:297, Fig. 1A] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 122 (no. 6); ref. 3783] Eastern Caribbean, 11°36'N, 62°52'W, depth 385-425 meters. Current status: Valid as Atractodenchelys phrix Robins & Robins, 1970. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) to Brazil. Habitat: marine.

Species Atractodenchelys robinsorum Karmovskaya, 2003 - Chesterfield arrowtooth eel (author) [=Atractodenchelys robinsorum Karmovskaya [E. S.], 2003:441] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 43 (no. 4); ref. 27168] Southwestern Pacific, Bellona Plateau, Chesterfield Islands, 19°43'S, 158°48'E, depth 710 meters. Current status: Valid as Atractodenchelys robinsorum Karmovskaya, 2003. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Chesterfield Islands (New Caledonia). Habitat: marine.

GENUS Dysomma Alcock, 1889 - arrowtooth eels [=Dysomma Alcock [A. W.], 1889:459, Dysommopsis Alcock [A. W.], 1891:137, Nettodarus Whitley [G. P.], 1951:407, Sinomyrus Lin [S.-Y.], 1933:93, Todarus Grassi [G. B.] & Calandruccio [S.], 1896:349] Notes: [ref. 20525]. Neut. Dysomma bucephalus Alcock, 1889. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Dysomma Alcock, 1889 -- (Robins & Robins 1976:256 [ref. 3784], Karrer 1982:89 [ref. 5679], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:27 [ref. 6441], Saldanha & Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:587 [ref. 13676], Castle 1986:189 [ref. 5644], Robins & Robins 1989:244 [ref. 13287], Chen & Mok 1995:927 [ref. 21892], Smith 1999:1660 [ref. 24661], Smith 2003:722 [ref. 26989], Smith 2003:723 [ref. 26989], Fricke et al. 2009:18 [ref. 30213], Ho et al. 2010:26 [ref. 31218], Zhang et al. 2010:305 [ref. 31511]). Current status: Valid as Dysomma Alcock, 1889. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. (Dysommopsis) [ref. 87]. Fem. Dysommopsis muciparus Alcock, 1891. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Dsyommopsis in Zoological Record for 1891. •Synonym of Dysomma Alcock, 1889 -- (Robins & Robins 1976:256 [ref. 3784], Robins & Robins 1989:244 [ref. 13287]). Current status: Synonym of Dysomma Alcock, 1889. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. (Nettodarus) [ref. 4715]. Masc. Nettastoma brevirostre Facciolà, 1887. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Todarus Grassi & Calandruccio, 1896 [preoccupation not researched, Whitley provides no details]. •Valid as Nettodarus Whitley, 1951 -- (Blache et al. 1973:237 [ref. 7185]). •Synonym of Dysomma Alcock, 1889 -- (Robins & Robins 1976:256 [ref. 3784], Saldanha & Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:587 [ref. 13676], Robins & Robins 1989:244 [ref. 13287]). Current status: Synonym of Dysomma Alcock, 1889. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. (Sinomyrus) [ref. 2783]. Masc. Sinomyrus angustus Lin, 1933. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Dysomma Alcock, 1889 -- (Robins & Robins 1976:256 [ref. 3784], Robins & Robins 1989:244 [ref. 13287]). Current status: Synonym of Dysomma Alcock, 1889. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. (Todarus) [ref. 1877]. Masc. Nettastoma brevirostre Facciolà, 1887. Type by monotypy. Preoccupeid by Todarus Rafinesque, 1840, a cephalopod; replaced by Nettodarus Whitley, 1951. •Objective synonym of Nettodarus Whitley, 1951 -- (Blache et al. 1973:238 [ref. 7185]). •Synonym of Dysomma Alcock, 1889 -- (Robins & Robins 1976:256 [ref. 3784], Robins & Robins 1989:244 [ref. 13287]). Current status: Synonym of Dysomma Alcock, 1889. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae.

Species Dysomma anguillare Barnard, 1923 - shortbelly eel [=Dysomma anguillaris Barnard [K. H.], 1923:443, Sinomyrus angustus Lin [S.-Y.], 1933:94, Fig. 1, Dysomma aphododera Ginsburg [I.], 1951:452, Fig. 7, Dysomma japonicus Matsubara [K.], 1936:961, Fig., Dysomma zanzibarensis Norman [J. R.], 1939:44, Fig. 17] Notes: [Annals of the South African Museum v. 13 (pt 8, no. 14); ref. 191] Off Tugela River mouth, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 63 fathoms [115 meters]. Current status: Valid as Dysomma anguillare Barnard, 1923. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Circumglobal. Habitat: marine. (angustus) [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 2783] Hoitow, Hainan, China. Current status: Synonym of Dysomma anguillare Barnard, 1923. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Habitat: marine. (aphododera) [Texas Journal of Science v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 1804] Off Padre Island, Texas, U.S.A., 26°30'N, 96°26'W, depth 50 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Dysomma anguillare Barnard, 1923. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Habitat: marine. (japonicus) [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 48 (no. 11); ref. 13721] Kumano-Nada, southeast of Kii Peninsula, Japan, depth 150 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Dysomma anguillare Barnard, 1923. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Habitat: marine. (zanzibarensis) [Scientific Reports, John Murray Expedition v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 6556] Zanzibar area, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean, 5°38'54"S, 39°15'42" to 39°17'36"E, station 106, depth 183-194 meters. Current status: Synonym of Dysomma anguillare Barnard, 1923. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Habitat: marine. Species Dysomma brevirostre (Facciolà, 1887) - pignosed arrowtooth eel [=Nettastoma brevirostre Facciolà [L.], 1887:166, Pl. 3 (fig. 3), Leptocephalus telescopicus Schmidt [E. J.], 1913:11, Pl. 1 (fig. 8)] Notes: [Naturalista Siciliano [Il Naturalista Siciliano, Giornale di scienze naturali] v. 6; ref. 16780] [Sicilia] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Dysomma brevirostre (Facciolà, 1887). Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Eastern and western Atlantic (including Mediterranean Sea); Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. (telescopicus) [Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for havundersøgelser. Serie, fiskeri. v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 14986] Tyrrhenian Sea. Current status: Synonym of Dysomma brevirostre (Facciolà, 1887). Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Habitat: marine

Species Dysomma bucephalus Alcock, 1889 - Bengal arrowtooth eel (author) [=Dysomma bucephalus Alcock [A. W.], 1889:459 [35]] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 4 (no. 24); ref. 20525] Bay of Bengal, eastern Indian Ocean, 20°17'30"N, 88°51'E, Investigator station 14, depth 193 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Dysomma bucephalus Alcock, 1889. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Dysomma dolichosomatum Karrer, 1983 - shortbelly eel [=Dysomma dolichosomatum Karrer [C.], 1983:93, Figs. 28 A-B] Notes: [Faune Tropicale v. 23 (for 1982); ref. 5679] Madagascar, 22°25'S, 43°04.5'E, depth 550-555 meters. Current status: Valid as Dysomma dolichosomatum Karrer, 1983. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Dysomma fuscoventralis Karrer & Klausewitz, 1982 - Red Sea arrowtooth eel (author) [=Dysomma fuscoventralis Karrer [C.] & Klausewitz [W.], 1982:199, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 62 (nos 4/6) (1981); ref. 8466] Central Red Sea, 21°26.50'N, 38°38.30'E, depth 799-801 meters. Current status: Valid as Dysomma fuscoventralis Karrer & Klausewitz, 1982. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

Species Dysomma goslinei Robins & Robins, 1976 - Gosline's arrowtooth eel (author) [=Dysomman goslinei Robins [C. H.] & Robins [C. R.], 1976:261, Figs. 3, 6, 7c, 8] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 127; ref. 3784] Indian Ocean, 14°52'N, 96°39'E. Current status: Valid as Dysomma goslinei Robins & Robins, 1976. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Dysomma longirostrum Chen & Mok, 2001 - Chen's arrowtooth dysomma eel (author) [=Dysomma longirostrum Chen [Y.-Y.] & Mok [H.-K.], 2001:79, Figs. 1A, 2 A-C] Notes: [Zoological Studies v. 40 (no. 2); ref. 25465] Northeastern coast of Taiwan, depth 100-150 meters (Nanfangao fish market). Current status: Valid as Dysomma longirostrum Chen & Mok, 2001. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

Species Dysomma melanurum Chen & Weng, 1967 - Tungkang arrowtooth eel (author) [=Dysomma melanurum Chen [J. T. F.] & Weng [H. T. C.], 1967:84, Fig. 63] Notes: [Biological Bulletin Tunghai University Ichthyology Series Number 6 No. 32; ref. 7952] Tungkang, Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Dysomma melanurum Chen & Weng, 1967. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Dysomma muciparus (Alcock, 1891) - Alcock's dysomma arrowtooth eel (author) [=Dysommopsis muciparus Alcock [A. W.], 1891:137] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 8 (no. 43/44); ref. 87] Bay of Bengal, 15°56'50"N, 81°33'30"E, Investigator station 120, depth 240-276 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Dysomma muciparus (Alcock, 1891). Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific, few localities. Habitat: marine.

Species Dysomma opisthoproctus Chen & Mok, 1995 - Nanfangao arrowtooth eel (author) [=Dysomma opisthoproctus Chen [Y.-Y.] & Mok [H.-K.], 1995:927, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 1995 (no. 4); ref. 21892] Off the coast of Nan-Fang-Ao [Nanfangao], 24°51'24"N, 121°58'30"E, northeastern coast of Taiwan, depth 200 meters. Current status: Valid as Dysomma opisthoproctus Chen & Mok, 1995. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

Species Dysomma polycatodon Karrer, 1983 - Malagasy arrowtooth eel (author) [=Dysomma polycatodon Karrer [C.], 1983:89, Figs. 27 A-B] Notes: [Faune Tropicale v. 23 (for 1982); ref. 5679] Northwestern Madagascar, 15°21'S, 46°11'E, depth 170-175 meters. Current status: Valid as Dysomma polycatodon Karrer, 1983. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Dysomma taiwanense Ho et al., 2015 - Taiwanese arrowtooth eel [=Dysomma taiwanensis Ho [H.-C.], Smith [D. G.] & Tighe [K. A.], 2015:87, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zootaxa 4060 (no. 1); ref. 34124] Daxi, Yilan, northeast Taiwan, depth ca. 200-400 meters. Current status: Valid as Dysomma taiwanense Ho, Smith & Tighe, 2015. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: marine. Species Dysomma tridens Robins et al., 1989 - Robins' arrowtooth eel (author) [=Dysomma tridens Robins [C. H.], Böhlke [E. B.] & Robins [C. R.], in Robins & Robins, 1989:250, Figs. 237-240] Notes: [Memoirs of the Sears Foundation of Marine Research Mem. 1 (pt 9); ref. 13287] Off Belize, Caribbean Sea, Oregon station 3634, 16°44'N, 87°55'W, depth 190 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Dysomma tridens Robins, Böhlke & Robins, 1989. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Dysommina Ginsburg, 1951 - arrowtooth eels [=Dysommina Ginsburg [I.], 1951:450] Notes: [ref. 1804]. Fem. Dysommina rugosa Ginsburg, 1951. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Dysommina Ginsburg, 1951 -- (Karrer 1982:96 [ref. 5679], Robins & Robins 1989:242 [ref. 13287], Smith 1999:1661 [ref. 24661], Smith 2003:723 [ref. 26989]). Current status: Valid as Dysommina Ginsburg, 1951. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae.

Species Dysommina proboscideus (Lea, 1913) - Lea's arrowtooth eel (author) [=Leptocephalus proboscideus Lea [E.], 1913:27, Fig. 25; Pl. 5 (no. 1)] Notes: [Scientific Results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 v. 3 (pt 1, no. 7); ref. 14158] North Atlantic, 34°59'N, 33°01'W, station 53, depth 150 meters. Current status: Valid as Dysommina proboscideus (Lea, 1913). Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: North Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Dysommina rugosa Ginsburg, 1951 - Cumberland Island arrowtooth eel (author) [=Dysommona rugosa Ginsburg [I.], 1951:450, Fig. 6] Notes: [Texas Journal of Science v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 1804] Off Cumberland Island, Georgia, U.S.A., western North Atlantic, 30°53'00"N, 79°42'30"W, Albatross station 2667, depth 273 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Dysommina rugosa Ginsburg, 1951. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Circumtropical (including Newe Caledonia, Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: marine.

GENUS Ilyophis Gilbert, 1891 - arrowtooth eels [=Ilyophis Gilbert [C. H.], 1891:351] Notes: [ref. 1625]. Masc. Ilyophis brunneus Gilbert, 1891. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Ilyophis Gilbert, 1891 -- (Blache et al. 1973:253 [ref. 7185] as Iliophis, Robins & Robins 1976:264 [ref. 3784], Karrer 1982:99 [ref. 5679], Machida in Masuda et al. 1984:26 [ref. 6441], Saldanha & Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:589 [ref. 13676], Castle 1986:189 [ref. 5644], Robins & Robins 1989:235 [ref. 13287], Karmovskaya & Parin 1999:316 [ref. 23869], Smith 1999:1660 [ref. 24661], Smith 2003:722 [ref. 26989], Paxton et al. 2006:262 [ref. 28995], Smith 2008:162 [ref. 30621]). Current status: Valid as Ilyophis Gilbert, 1891. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae.

Species Ilyophis arx Robins, 1976 - arx arrowtooth eel (author) [=Ilyophis arx Robins [C. H.], in Robins & Robins, 1976:265, Figs. 4, 6, 7b, 8] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 127; ref. 3784] Southeastern Pacific, 1°48'S, 90°19'W, depth 3225 meters. Current status: Valid as Ilyophis arx Robins, 1976. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific and eastern North Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Ilyophis blachei Saldanha & Merrett, 1982 - Porcupine arrowtooth eel (author) [=Ilyophis blachei Saldanha [L.] & Merrett [N. R.], 1982:624, Figs. 2-5] Notes: [Journal of Fish Biology v. 21 (no. 6); ref. 8423] Porcupine Sea Bight, eastern North Atlantic, Discovery station 9774, 51°04.4'N, 11°59.3'W, depth 1494-1572 meters. Current status: Valid as Ilyophis blachei Saldanha & Merrett, 1982. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Eastern North Atlantic, southeastern and southwestern Atlantic; southern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Ilyophis brunneus Gilbert, 1891 - muddy arrowtooth eel [=Ilyophis brunneus Gilbert [C. H.], 1891:352] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 14 (no. 856); ref. 1625] Near San Cristóbal Island [Chatham Island], Galápagos Islands, 0°36'30"S, 89°19'00"W, Albatross station 2808, depth 634 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Ilyophis brunneus Gilbert, 1891. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Circumtropical, discontinuous. Habitat: marine.

Species Ilyophis nigeli Shcherbachev & Sulak, 1997 - Nigel's arrowtooth eel (author) [=Ilyophis nigeli Shcherbachev [Yu. N.] & Sulak [K. J.], in Sulak & Shcherbachev, 1997:1172, Figs. 1C, 2B, 4C] Notes: [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 60 (no. 3); ref. 22986] Pacific slope off Japan, 42°27'N, 144°27'E, depth 1160 meters. Current status: Valid as Ilyophis nigeli Shcherbachev & Sulak, 1997. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine

Species Ilyophis robinsae Sulak & Shcherbachev, 1997 - Robins' arrowtooth eel (author) [=Ilyophis robinsae Sulak [K. J.] & Shcherbachev [Yu. N.], 1997:1171, Figs. 3C, 4B] Notes: [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 60 (no. 3); ref. 22986] Western Pacific, 7°39.9'N, 121°32'E, Vitiaz cruise 57, Sta. 7237, depth 4800 meters. Current status: Valid as Ilyophis robinsae Sulak & Shcherbachev, 1997. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Philippines. Habitat: marine.

Species Ilyophis saldanhai Karmovskaya & Parin, 1999 - Saldanha's arrowtooth eel (author) [=Ilyophis saldanhai Karmovskaya [E. S.] & Parin [N. V.], 1999:316, Figs. 1-6] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 39 (no. 3); ref. 24869] Mid-Atlantic, 29°08'N, 43°13'W, depth 3020 meters. Current status: Valid as Ilyophis saldanhai Karmovskaya & Parin, 1999. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Mid-Atlantic submarine ridge. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Linkenchelys Smith, 1989 - arrowtooth eels [=Linkenchelys Smith [D. G.], 1989:78] Notes: [ref. 13285]. Fem. Linkenchelys multipora Smith, 1989. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Linkenchelys Smith, 1989 -- (Smith 2003:723 [ref. 26989]). Current status: Valid as Linkenchelys Smith, 1989. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae.

Species Linkenchelys multipora Smith, 1989 - Cockburn arrowtooth eel (author) [=Linkenchelys multipora Smith [D. G.], 1989:78, Figs. 70-73] Notes: [Memoirs of the Sears Foundation of Marine Research Mem. 1 (part 9); ref. 13285] Off Cockburn Town, San Salvador, Bahamas, depth 238 meters. Current status: Valid as Linkenchelys multipora Smith, 1989. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Bahamas. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Meadia Böhlke 1951 - abyssal cutthroat eels [=Meadia Böhlke [J. E.], 1951:6] Notes: [ref. 591]. Fem. Dysomma abyssale Kamohara, 1938. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Meadia Böhlke, 1951 -- (Robins & Robins 1976:251 [ref. 3784], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:27 [ref. 6441], Robins & Robins 1989:239 [ref. 13287], Mok et al. 1991 [ref. 19973], Smith 1999:1661 [ref. 24661], Fricke et al. 2009:18 [ref. 30213]). Current status: Valid as Meadia Böhlke, 1951. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae.

Species Meadia abyssalis (Kamohara, 1938) - abyssal cutthroat eel [=Dysomma abyssale Kamohara [T.], 1938:12, Fig. 3] Notes: [On the offshore bottom-fishes of Prov. Tosa; ref. 2551] Sagami Sea, Japan. Current status: Valid as Meadia abyssalis (Kamohara, 1938). Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: western Mascarenes east to Hancock Seamount, Hawaiian Islands and Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

Species Meadia roseni Mok et al., 1991 - Tongkang abyssal cutthroat eel (author) [=Meadia roseni Mok [H.-K.], Lee [C.-Y.] & Chan [H.-J.], 1991:39, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 19973] Off Tongkang, southwestern Taiwan, 22°21'05"N, 120°12'46"E, depth 1020 meters. Current status: Valid as Meadia roseni Mok, Lee & Chan, 1991. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Thermobiotes Geistdoerfer, 1991 - arrowtooth eels [=Thermobiotes Geistdoerfer [P.], 1991:93] Notes: [ref. 20226]. Thermobiotes mytilogeiton Geistdoerfer, 1991. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Thermobiotes Geistdoerfer, 1991 – (Smith 1999:1660 [ref. 24661]). Current status: Valid as Thermobiotes Geistdoerfer, 1991. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae.

Species Thermobiotes mytilogeiton Geistdoerfer, 1991 - deepwater chemosynth [=Thermobiotes mytilogeiton Geistdoerfer [P.], 1991:93, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris (Ser. 3) v. 312 (no. 3); ref. 20226] West Pacific, Ride Valu Fa, 22°13'S, 176°38'W. Current status: Valid as Thermobiotes mytilogeiton Geistdoerfer, 1991. Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine

******************************************************************************************************************************* SUBFAMILY Synaphobranchinae Johnson, 1862 - cutthroat eels [=Synaphobranchidae] Notes: Synaphobranchidae Johnson, 1862:169 [ref. 2357] (family) Synaphobranchus [family name sometimes seen as Synapobranchidae]

GENUS Diastobranchus Barnard, 1923 - cutthroat eels [=Diastobranchus Barnard [K. H.], 1923:441] Notes: [ref. 191]. Masc. Diastobranchus capensis Barnard, 1923. Type by monotypy. Diactobranchus is a misspelling. •Synonym of Synaphobranchus Johnson, 1862 (Robins & Robins 1989:219 [ref. 13287]). •Valid as Diastobranchus Barnard, 1923 – (Castle 1986:188 [ref. 5644], Paxton et al. 1989:107 [ref. 12442], Gon 1990:102 [ref. 21680], Gomon et al. 1994:195 [ref. 22532], Sulak & Shcherbachev 1997:1161 [ref. 22986], Karmovskaya 2003:438 [ref. 27168], Paxton et al. 2006:261 [ref. 28995], Smith 2008:161 [ref. 30621], Svendsen et al. 2011:255 [ref. 31757]). Current status: Valid as Diastobranchus Barnard, 1923. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae.

Species Diastobranchus capensis Barnard, 1923 - basketwork eel [=Diastobranchus capensis Barnard [K. H.], 1923:441, Leptocephalus telescopicus Schmidt [E. J.], 1913:11, Pl. 1 (fig. 8)] Notes: [Annals of the South African Museum v. 13 (pt 8, no. 14); ref. 191] Off Cape Point, South Africa, depth 470 fathoms [860 meters]. Current status: Valid as Diastobranchus capensis Barnard, 1923. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Distribution: Circumglobal, mostly in Southern Hemisphere in temperate waters; one Arctic record. Habitat: marine. (danae) [Dana Report No. 9; ref. 15270] East of New Zealand, Dana station 3644. Current status: Synonym of Diastobranchus capensis Barnard, 1923. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Haptenchelys Robins & Martin, in Robins & Robins, 1976 - cutthroat eels [=Haptenchelys Robins [C. H.] & Martin [D. M.], in Robins & Robins, 1976:267] Notes: [ref. 3784]. Fem. Haptenchelys texis Robins & Martin, 1976. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Haptenchelys Robins & Martin, 1976 -- (Anderson et al. 1986:795 [ref. 5164], Robins & Robins 1989:232 [ref. 13287], Sulak & Shcherbachev 1997:1161 [ref. 22986], Smith 2003:722 [ref. 26989]). Current status: Valid as Haptenchelys Robins & Martin, 1976. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae.

Species Haptenchelys parviocularis Tashiro & Shinohara, 2014 - smalleyed abyssal eel [=Haptenchelys parviocularis Tashiro [F.] & Shinohara [G.], 2014:2, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 33342] Pacific off Kii Peninsula, Wakayama, Honshu, Japan, 32°0.70'N, 135°57.20'E-32°0.30'N, 136°2.70'E, depth 4093 meters. Current status: Valid as Haptenchelys parviocularis Tashiro & Shinohara, 2014. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Distribution: Pacific abyssal zone off southern Japan (to northern part of Philippine plate). Habitat: marine.

Species Haptenchelys texis Robins & Martin, in Robins & Robins, 1976 - Texis cutthroat eel (author) [=Haptenchelys texis Robins [C. H.] & Martin [D. M.], in Robins & Robins, 1976:267, Figs. 5-6, 7a, 8] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 127; ref. 3784] Bahamas, 25°16.75-18.75'N, 77°45.5-42.8'W, depth 2780-2890 meters. Current status: Valid as Haptenchelys texis Robins & Martin, 1976. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Distribution: Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic, and southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Histiobranchus Gill, 1883 - cutthroat eels [=Histiobranchus Gill [T. N.], 1883:255] Notes: [ref. 1724]. Masc. Histiobranchus infernalis Gill, 1883. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Synaphobranchus Johnson, 1862 -- (Robins & Robins 1989:219 [ref. 13287]). •Valid as Histiobranchus Gill, 1883 -- (Blache et al. 1973:252 [ref. 7185], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:26 [ref. 6441], Saldanha & Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:588 [ref. 13676], Castle 1986:189 [ref. 5644], Paxton et al. 1989:107 [ref. 12442], Gon 1990:103 [ref. 21680], Gomon et al. 1994:196 [ref. 22532], Sulak & Shcherbachev 1997:1161 [ref. 22986], Karmovskaya & Merrett 1998:1017 [ref. 23683], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:121 [ref. 25968], Paxton et al. 2006:262 [ref. 28995], Smith 2008:162 [ref. 30621], Almeida & Biscoito 2012:495 [ref. 32244]). Current status: Valid as Histiobranchus Gill, 1883. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae.

Species Histiobranchus australis (Regan, 1913) - Southern cutthroat eel [=Synaphobranchus australis Regan [C. T.], 1913:235, Pl. 8 (fig. 5)] Notes: [Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh v. 49 (pt 2, no. 2); ref. 3651] Southern Indian Ocean; South Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Histiobranchus australis (Regan, 1913). Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Distribution: Southern Hemisphere: all oceans; also the Azores. Habitat: marine.

Species Histiobranchus bathybius (Günther, 1877) - deepwater arrowtooth eel [=Synaphobranchus bathybius Günther [A.], 1877:445, Histiobranchus infernalis Gill [T. N.], 1883:255] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 20 (no. 119) (art. 56); ref. 2009] Original: North Pacific; south of Tokyo, Japan; South Atlantic between Cape of Good Hope and Kerguelen Island. Current status: Valid as Histiobranchus bathybius (Günther, 1877). Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Distribution: North Atlantic, Pacific and southern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine. (infernalis) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 6 (no. 380); ref. 1724] Off northeastern U.S.A., 38°53'00"N, 69°23'30", Albatross station 2037, depth 1731 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Histiobranchus bathybius (Günther, 1877). Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine.

Species Histiobranchus bruuni Castle, 1964 - Bruun's cutthroat eel [=Histiobranchus bruuni Castle [P. H. J.], 1964:34, Fig. 1 (A-C, F)] Notes: [Galathea Report v. 7; ref. 1484] Tasman Sea, 45°51'S, 164°32'E, Galathea station 601, depth 4400 meters. Current status: Valid as Histiobranchus bruuni Castle, 1964. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine

GENUS Synaphobranchus Johnson, 1862 - cutthroat eels [=Synaphobranchus Johnson [J. Y.], 1862:169, Nettophichthys Holt [E. W. L.], 1891:122] Notes: [ref. 2357]. Masc. Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson, 1862. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Synaphobranchus Johnson, 1862 -- (Blache et al. 1973:252 [ref. 7185], Karrer 1982:84 [ref. 5679], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:26 [ref. 6441], Saldanha & Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:591 [ref. 13676], Castle 1986:190 [ref. 5644], Paxton et al. 1989:108 [ref. 12442], Robins & Robins 1989:219 [ref. 13287], Gomon et al. 1994:196 [ref. 22532], Sulak & Shcherbachev 1997:1161 [ref. 22986], Smith 1999:1660 [ref. 24661], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:121 [ref. 25968], Smith 2003:722 [ref. 26989], Paxton et al. 2006:263 [ref. 28995], Smith 2008:164 [ref. 30621], Fricke et al. 2009:18 [ref. 30213], Almeida et al. 2010:66 [ref. 31350], Zhang et al. 2010:314 [ref. 31511]). Current status: Valid as Synaphobranchus Johnson, 1862. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. (Nettophichthys) [ref. 2195]. Masc. Nettophichthys retropinnatus Holt, 1891. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Synaphobranchus Johnson, 1862 -- (Blache et al. 1973:252 [ref. 7185], Robins & Robins 1989:219 [ref. 13287]). Current status: Synonym of Synaphobranchus Johnson, 1862. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae.

Species Synaphobranchus affinis Günther, 1877 - grey cutthroat eel [=Synaphobranchus affinis Günther [A.], 1877:445, Synaphobranchus brachysomus Gilbert [C. H.], 1905:583, Fig. 232, Synaphobranchus indicus Bruun [A. F.], 1937:14, Pl. 1 (figs. 2, 7), Synaphobranchus indicus occidentalis Bruun [A. F.], 1937:15, Synaphobranchus taketae Tanaka [S.], 1916:257] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 20 (no. 119) (art. 56); ref. 2009] Off Inoshima, Japan. Current status: Valid as Synaphobranchus affinis Günther, 1877. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through temperate seas (including Hawaiian Islands), except eastern North Pacific. Habitat: marine. (brachysomus) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 23 (pt 2) [for 1903]; ref. 1631] Vicinity of Kauai Island, Hawaiian Islands, Albatross station 4019, depth 409-550 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Synaphobranchus affinis Günther, 1877. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine. (indicus) [Dana Report No. 9; ref. 15270] Indian Ocean, Dana station 3804. Current status: Synonym of Synaphobranchus affinis Günther, 1877. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine. (occidentalis) [Dana Report No. 9; ref. 15270] East Africa, Dana station 3926. Current status: Synonym of Synaphobranchus affinis Günther, 1877. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine. (taketae) [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 28; ref. 15078] Miyagi Fisheries Experiment Station, Watanoha, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Synaphobranchus affinis Günther, 1877. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine.

Species Synaphobranchus brevidorsalis Günther, 1887 - shortdorsal cutthroat eel [=Synaphobranchus brevidorsalis Günther [A.], 1887:255, Pl. 63 (fig. C), Synaphobranchus pinnatus var. brevidorsalis Lloyd [R. E.], 1909:152, Synaphobranchus jenkinsi Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.], 1901:845, Fig. 2] Notes: [Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger v. 22 (pt 57); ref. 2013] North of New Guinea, Challenger station 218, depth 1070 fathoms; off Japan, Challenger station 232, depth 345 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Synaphobranchus brevidorsalis Günther, 1887. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas (including Hawaiian Islands), except ot in eastern North Pacific. Habitat: marine. (brevidorsalis ) [Memoirs of the Indian Museum v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 2814] Arabian Sea, 19°51'N, 69°09'E, Investigator station 338, depth 839 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Synaphobranchus brevidorsalis Günther, 1887. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine. (jenkinsi) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1239); ref. 2508] Sagami Bay off Enoshima, Japan, Albatross station 3696, depth 501-749 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Synaphobranchus brevidorsalis Günther, 1887. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine.

Species Synaphobranchus calvus Melo, 2007 - bald cutthroat eel (author) [=Synaphobranchus calvus Melo [M. R. S.], 2007:316, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 2007 (no. 2); ref. 29141] Brazil, 22°16'S, 39°53'W, depth 1059-1110 meters. Current status: Valid as Synaphobranchus calvus Melo, 2007. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Distribution: Brazilian continental slope, southwestern Atlantic. Habitat: marine. Species Synaphobranchus dolichorhynchus (Lea, 1913) - Lea's synaphobranchid eel (author) [=Leptocephalus dolichorhynchus Lea [E.], 1913:28, Figs. 26-27; Pl. 5 (no. 2)] Notes: [Scientific Results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 v. 3 (pt 1, no. 7); ref. 14158] North Atlantic, 40°17'N, 50°39'W, station 67, depth 100 meters depth; 34°59'N, 33°01'W, station 53, depth 150 meters. Current status: Valid as Synaphobranchus dolichorhynchus (Lea, 1913). Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Distribution: North Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson, 1862 - Kaup's arrowtooth eel [=Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson [J. Y.], 1862:169, Synaphobranchus iraconis Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.], 1901:844, Fig. 1, Synaphobranchus pinnatus var. parvipinnis Roule [L.], 1916:4, Muraena pinnata Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:19, Nettophichthys retropinnatus Holt [E. W. L.], 1891:123] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862 (pt 2); ref. 2357] Off Madeira, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson, 1862. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Distribution: Circumglobal, including Hawaiian Islands, but absent in eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (iraconis) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1239); ref. 2508] Off Myiako, Rikuchu, Japan, depth 200 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson, 1862. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine. (parvipinnis) [Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco) No. 320; ref. 3818] Southeast of Portugal, station 1248, depth 1500 meters. Current status: Synonym of Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson, 1862. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine. (pinnata) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson, 1862. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine. (retropinnatus) [Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (N. S.) v. 7 (pt 2); ref. 2195] Off Ireland. Current status: Synonym of Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson, 1862. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine.

Species Synaphobranchus oregoni Castle, 1960 - Castle's synaphobranchid eel (author) [=Synaphobranchus oregoni Castle [P. H. J.], 1960:388, Fig. 66] Notes: [Fieldiana Zoology v. 39 (no. 35); ref. 11902] Gulf of Mexico off Alabama, U.S.A., 29°01'N, 88°24'W, Oregon station 640, depth 355-475 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Synaphobranchus oregoni Castle, 1960. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in temperate and tropical seas. Habitat: marine

******************************************************************************************************************************* SUBFAMILY Simenchelyinae Gill, 1879 - pugnose eels [=Simenchelyidae Gill, in Goode & Bean, 1879] Notes: Simenchelyidae Gill, in Goode & Bean, 1879:27 [ref. 5605] (family) Simenchelys [stem changed to Simenchel- by Regan 1912d:381 [ref. 31893]]

GENUS Simenchelys Gill, 1879 - pugnose eels [=Simenchelys Gill [T. N.], in Goode & Bean, 1879:27, Conchognathus Collett [R.], 1889:123, Gymnosimenchelys Tanaka [S.], 1908:2] Notes: [ref. 5605]. Fem. Simenchelys parasiticus Gill 1879. Type by monotypy. Simenchelis is a misspelling. •Valid as Simenchelys Gill, 1879 -- (Blache et al. 1973:223 [ref. 7185], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:26 [ref. 6441], Saldanha & Bauchot in Whitehead et al. 1986:590 [ref. 13676], Castle 1986:190 [ref. 5644], Paxton et al. 1989:108 [ref. 12442], Robins & Robins 1989:214 [ref. 13287], Sulak & Shcherbachev 1997:1161 [ref. 22986], Smith 1999:1660 [ref. 24661], Smith 2003:721 [ref. 26989], Paxton et al. 2006:263 [ref. 28995], Smith 2008:163 [ref. 30621], Fricke et al. 2009:18 [ref. 30213]). Current status: Valid as Simenchelys Gill, 1879. Synaphobranchidae: Simenchelyinae. (Conchognathus) [ref. 889]. Masc. Conchognathus grimaldii Collett, 1889. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Simenchelys Gill, 1879 -- (Blache et al. 1973:223 [ref. 7185], Robins & Robins 1989:214 [ref. 13287]). Current status: Synonym of Simenchelys Gill, 1879. Synaphobranchidae: Simenchelyinae. (Gymnosimenchelys) [ref. 4321]. Fem. Gymnosimenchelys leptosomus Tanaka, 1908. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Simenchelys Gill, 1879 -- (Robins & Robins 1989:214 [ref. 13287]). Current status: Synonym of Simenchelys Gill, 1879. Synaphobranchidae: Simenchelyinae.

Species Simenchelys parasitica Gill, 1879 - slime eel [=Simenchelys parasiticus Gill [T. N.], in Goode & Bean, 1879:27, Simenchelys dofleini Franz [V.], 1910:10, Pl. 3 (figs. 1-2), Conchognathus grimaldii Collett [R.], 1889:124 [2], Gymnosimenchelys leptosomus Tanaka [S.], 1908:2, Pl. 2 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Bulletin of the Essex Institute v. 11; ref. 5605] Banquereau, Canada [or Newfoundland Banks off Massachussetts, U.S.A.], depth 300 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Simenchelys parasitica Gill, 1879. Synaphobranchidae: Simenchelyinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in warm temperate seas (including Mascarenes, Hawaiian Islands), but not eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (dofleini) [Abhandlungen der math.-phys. Klasse der K. Bayer Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 4 (Suppl.) (no. 1); ref. 1481] Sagami Bay and Misaki, Sagami Bay, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Simenchelys parasitica Gill, 1879. Synaphobranchidae: Simenchelyinae. Habitat: marine. (grimaldii) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 14; ref. 889] Off Graciosa Islands, Fayal, San Jorge, Pico, Florès and Corvo, Azores, northeastern Atlantic, depth 844-2000 meters. Current status: Synonym of Simenchelys parasitica Gill, 1879. Synaphobranchidae: Simenchelyinae. Habitat: marine. (leptosomus) [Journal of the College of Science. Imperial University, Tokyo v. 23 (art. 13); ref. 4321] Off Okinose, Misaki, Sagami Sea, Japan, depth 600 meters. Current status: Synonym of Simenchelys parasitica Gill, 1879. Synaphobranchidae: Simenchelyinae. Habitat: marine ***************************************************************************** Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

Leptocephalus rostratus Schmidt [E. J.], 1909:5, Pl. 1 (figs. 4-5) [Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for havundersøgelser. Serie, fiskeri. v. 3 (no. 6); ref. 14421] Atlantic west of Europe, 51°34'N, 41°50'W, depth 1200 meters, and 48°04'N, 12°40'W, depth over 4000 meters. Syntypes: (2) not found at ZIN. •Leptocephalus stage as valid -- (Smith 1989:693 [ref. 13285]). •Questionably a senior synonym of Ilyophis blachei Saldanha & Merrett, 1982 -- (Robins & Robins 1989:239 [ref. 13287]). Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae. Distribution: Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Leptocephalus mysticus Lea [E.], 1913:34, Pl. 5 (no. 7) [Scientific Results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 v. 3 (pt 1, no. 7); ref. 14158] North Atlantic, 34°59'N, 33°01'W, station 53, depth 1300 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMUB 5095. Type catalog: Frøiland 1979:147 [ref. 21547]. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine.

Muraena pinnata Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:19 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] No locality. No types known. •Synonym of Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson, 1862 -- (Okamura & Machida 1987:107 [ref. 22279], Parin et al. 2014:48 [ref. 33547]). •Unidentifiable in Anguilliformes (D. G. Smith, personal communication, Mar. 2017). Habitat: marine.

Leptocephalus synaphobranchi form pinnati Collett [R.], 1905:387, Fig. 147 North Atlantic. Original not seen. Appeared as Leptocephalus synaphobranchi pinnati but insertion of "synaphobranchi" perhaps to show relationships and not technically part of the name. •Questionably a synonym of Synaphobranchus kaupi [kaupii] Johnson, 1862 -- (Smith 1989:683 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Uncertain as Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson, 1862. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine.

Synaphobranchus sului Bruun [A. F.], 1937:13, Pl. 1 (fig. 4) [Dana Report No. 9; ref. 15270] Sulu Sea, Dana station 3735. Holotype: not researched. Synaphobranchidae: Synaphobranchinae. Habitat: marine.