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Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of the Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (Czech Republic)

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Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of the Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (Czech Republic) ISSN 1211-8788 Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) ISBN 978-80-7028-391-2 96(2) 2011: 323–628, 2012 True bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of the Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (Czech Republic) PETR KMENT1 & PETR BAÒAØ2 1Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, CZ-148 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, Moravian Museum, Hviezdoslavova 29a, CZ-627 00 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] KMENT P. & BAÒAØ P. 2012: True bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of the Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (Czech Republic). In: MALENOVSKÝ I., KMENT P. & KONVIÈKA O. (eds.): Species inventories of selected insect groups in the Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (Czech Republic). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 96(2) (2011): 323–628. – An extensive survey of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) was carried out in the Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic) in 1998–2010, combining various methods of qualitative and quantitative sampling. Before 1998, just 98 species of Heteroptera had been recorded from the Czech side of the Bílé Karpaty Mts., as geographically defined in this contribution. The newly-acquired material yielded 10,732 faunistic records based on examination of ca. 35,984 specimens of Heteroptera. A total of 501 species of true bugs is now known from the Bílé Karpaty PLA, which constitutes 58% of the Czech heteropteran fauna. Among the various habitats, species-rich grasslands are of crucial importance for Heteroptera, harbouring many rare and threatened species, among them Criocoris nigripes Fieber, 1861, Deraeocoris morio (Boheman, 1852), Halticus pusillus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835), Heterocapillus tigripes Mulsant et Rey, 1852, Lopus decolor (Fallén, 1807), Macrotylus paykullii (Fallén, 1807), Megalocoleus molliculus (Fallén, 1807), Orthocephalus brevis (Panzer, 1798), Orthocephalus coriaceus (Fabricius, 1777), Placochilus seladonicus (Fallén, 1807), and Systellonotus triguttatus (Linnaeus, 1767). Other important habitats are hedges and forest margins, spring fens, and natural deciduous forests. Three species are recorded here for the first time from the Czech Republic: Charagochilus spiralifer Kerzhner, 1988, Heterocordylus cytisi Josifov, 1958 (both Miridae), and Dysepicritus rufescens (A. Costa, 1847) (Anthocoridae); further, H. cytisi is a first record for central Europe. Four additional species are recorded for the first time for Moravia: Acalypta platycheila (Fieber, 1844) (Tingidae), Phytocoris (Phytocoris) hirsutulus Flor, 1861 (Miridae), Loricula (Loricula) ruficeps (Reuter, 1884) (Microphysidae), and Elatophilus (Elatophilus) nigricornis (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Anthocoridae). In addition, Ch. weberi Wagner, 1953 is removed from the list of Slovak fauna while Ch spiralifer is listed from Slovakia for the first time. Altogether 62 of the true bug species (12%) recorded in the Bílé Karpaty PLA fall into the categories defined by the Red List of threatened invertebrates of the Czech Republic. One of them, Megalotomus junceus (Scopoli, 1763), was considered extinct prior to its rediscovery in the Bílé Karpaty PLA. Four other species are classified as critically endangered: Agramma confusum (Puton, 1879), Tropidothorax leucopterus (Goeze, 1778), Coriomeris scabricornis (Panzer, 1809), and Chlorochroa juniperina (Linnaeus, 1758), while nine are considered endangered: Gerris asper (Fieber, 1860), Macrotylus quadrilineatus (Schrank, 1785), Tytthus pygmaeus (Zetterstedt, 1838), Peritrechus gracilicornis Puton, 1877, Scolopostethus puberulus Horváth, 1887, Berytinus striola (Ferrari, 1874), Ceraleptus gracilicornis (Herrich- Schaeffer, 1835), Sehirus morio (Linnaeus, 1761), and Holcostethus sphacelatus (Fabricius, 1794). Thirty-one species are vulnerable, and seventeen near-threatened. The majority of the heteropteran fauna of the Bílé Karpaty PLA belong to a range of widely-distributed faunistic elements: 100 species (20%) are of Holopalaearctic or Holarctic distribution, 163 species (33%) are Eurosiberian, 108 species (22%) West Palaearctic or West Eurosiberian, 69 species (14%) European, and 57 species (11%) are of Mediterranean origin. Among the Mediterranean species, several are of major zoogeographical importance, reaching their northernmost distribution limits in the Bílé Karpaty: Harpocera hellenica Reuter, 1876, Heterocapillus tigripes, Heterocordylus cytisi, Icodema infuscata (Fieber, 1861), Psallus asthenicus Seidenstücker, 1966, P. cruentatus (Mulsant et Rey, 1852), Megalotomus junceus, and Vilpianus galii (Wolff, 1802). The suitability of Malaise traps as a method of assessing the heteropteran diversity in a given area is briefly discussed. Key words. Hemiptera, Heteroptera, faunistics, new records, threatened species, White Carpathians, Moravia, Malaise traps 323 P. K MENT & P. BAÒAØ Introduction Heteroptera, or true bugs, make up the most diverse group of Hemiptera, with more than 42,300 described species worldwide classified in ca. 89 recent families and 7 infraorders. Unlike the phytophagous and terrestrial Sternorrhyncha, Auchenorrhyncha, and Coleorrhyncha, true bugs developed more diverse ways of life and the group includes also aquatic and semi-aquatic groups, oceanic and intertidal species, zoophages and blood-sucking ectoparasites (SCHUH & SLATER 1995, FORERO 2008, HENRY 2009, WEIRAUCH & SCHUH 2011). Some of the heteropteran species are of economic importance, being agricultural pests, plant disease vectors or zoophages used for biocontrol (SCHAEFER & PANIZZI 2000). More rarely, they are nuisance and blood-sucking parasites on humans and livestock (SCHUH & SLATER 1995). The true bug fauna of the Czech Republic is quite well documented, although the last available check-list, by HOBERLANDT (1977a), is outdated and many papers making additions and corrections to it have been published since. A total of 865 species of Heteroptera is currently known from the Czech Republic, of which 760 occur in Bohemia and 804 in Moravia (Kment, unpublished). Altogether 260 species are included in the Red List of threatened Czech invertebrates, with 20 of them classified as extinct in the whole country, 42 as critically endangered, 96 as endangered, 73 as vulnerable, and 29 as near-threatened (KMENT & VILÍMOVÁ 2005). However, four of the species considered extinct have recently been rediscovered: Stephanitis pyri (Fabricius, 1775) (KMENT & VAHALA 2006), Eurydema fieberi (Fieber, 1836) (KMENT & JINDRA 2008), Megalotomus junceus (Scopoli, 1763) (HRADIL et al. 2008), and Pithanus hrabei Stehlík, 1952 (LACINA 2010, 2011). In general terms, faunistic research into the Heteroptera of Moravia (the eastern part of the Czech Republic) once lagged behind that into other groups, e.g. the Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. This also held true for the current Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (hereafter abbreviated to PLA) which covers the Czech part of the Bílé Karpaty Mts. [the White Carpathians] extending along the Czech-Slovak border in south-eastern Moravia. Due to its specific geology (largely based on calcareous flysch), relief and hydrology, favourable geographical situation, relatively warm climate and post-glacial history, as well as traditional land use, the Bílé Karpaty PLA represents a biodiversity hot spot in the Czech Republic (see KUÈA et al. (1992), MACKOVÈIN & JATIOVÁ (2002), JONGEPIEROVÁ (2008), and KONVIÈKA et al. (2012) for detailed information on the natural history of the area). It is particularly famous for its floristically rich semi-natural grasslands, but the fauna of Heteroptera have remained little-known until recently. The first record of a true bug species from the Bílé Karpaty Mts. was published by SPITZNER (1892) within his list of the Moravian Heteroptera: Chlorochroa pinicola (Mulsant et Rey, 1852) from Luhaèovice. However, proper heteropterological investigations in this area began only during World War II, when several Czech entomologists (especially F. Gregor sen., A. Hoffer, and V. Lang) collected in the southern parts of the Bílé Karpaty Mts. (in the environs of Javorník, Korytná, and Velká Javoøina). Their materials were identified and some interesting records published in a 324 Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. biol. (Brno), 96(2) (2011), 2012 True bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) number of papers by BALTHASAR (1942, 1945), DLABOLA (1943), DOBŠÍK (1950), HOBERLANDT (1942, 1944, 1947), and STEHLÍK (1945a, 1948). After the war, only little collecting was done in the Bílé Karpaty Mts., with the exception of a few collecting trips by the Department of Entomology of the Moravian Museum in Brno (J. L. Stehlík, P. Lauterer, L. Pospíšilová, P. Raus, J. Meduna). Based on their samples, STEHLÍK (1973) published the first record of Canthophorus impressus (Horváth, 1880) for Moravia. From 1981 on, Jaroslav L. Stehlík (later with the collaboration of I. Vavøínová and E. Heiss) published a series of comprehensive papers on particular groups of Heteroptera, Results of the investigation on Hemiptera in Moravia made by the Moravian Museum, summarizing all the available faunistic data for Moravia. This series completely covered the Pentatomoidea (STEHLÍK 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1995), Coreoidea (STEHLÍK 1988, STEHLÍK & VAVØÍNOVÁ 1989), Lygaeoidea (STEHLÍK & VAVØÍNOVÁ 1987, 1990, 1997b, 1998a,b), Aradidae (STEHLÍK & HEISS 2000), Tingidae (STEHLÍK 2002), Reduviidae and Nabidae:
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