2MASS, See Two Micron All-Sky Survey Accretion Rings, 80 Active

Home , DDO 44, Dwingeloo 1, HD 4747, IC 10, IC 1459, IC 2006

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82048-6 - The de Vaucouleurs Atlas of Galaxies Ronald J. Buta, Harold G. Corwin and Stephen C. Odewahn Index More information

Index

2MASS, see Two Micron All-Sky BCD, see blue compact dwarfs DDO dwarfs, 54 Survey Birr Castle, 6, 7 de Vaucouleurs classification system Block, A., 83 classification volume, 13, 15, 17, 53 accretion rings, 80 Block, D. L., 8 edge-on galaxies, 7, 19, 33, 35, 38, active galactic nuclei, 49 blue compact dwarfs, 70–73, 270, 296 40, 135, 272 Amorphous irregular galaxies, 12, 16, Burton, C. E., 6 revisions to the VRHS system, 84 84, 266, 268, 271, 296 stages, 13, 15, 16, 19, 23, 24, 54, 61, asymmetry, 16, 17, 19, 22, 33, 130, Canberra, Australia, 2 87, 259 164, 172, 178, 184, 189, 194, 197, Canes Venatici I Cloud, 262 underline notation, 15, 16, 86, 131, 203, 212, 227, 233, 250, 252, 255, carbon stars, 246 148, 163, 167, 180, 184, 187, 256, 259–264, 286–288, 299, 309 Carnegie Atlas, 1, 2, 13, 24, 81, 193, 223, 229, 245, 246 Atlas Units, 39, 47, 55, 57, 73, 82–85 179, 264 de Vaucouleurs, A., 311 atmospheric seeing, 83 Cartwheel, 77, 78, 300 de Vaucouleurs, G., 1, 311 atomic hydrogen, 5 Catalogues digital images, 2, 3, 81–83 Australian National University, 311 CSRG, 3, 44, 66, 86, 147, 152 disky ellipticals, 57 distribution of bar strengths, 306, 307 Baade, W., 1 GC, 6 double-barred galaxies, 50, 51 Ball, R. S., 6 IC, 6 Dreyer, J. L. E., 6 bar-driven resonance rings, 80 NGC, 6, 52, 260 dust ring, 122, 123, 144, 158, 174, 176, bar–spiral separation, 61 RC1, 3 177, 179, 183, 275 Barnard, E. E., 6 RC2, 3, 51, 72, 81, 134 dust-lane ellipticals, 56, 57, 122 barred spirals, 1, 7, 10, 12, 13, 16, 50, RC3, 3, 16, 19, 20, 22–24, 27, 63, 64, dust-penetrated classification, 65 59, 60, 137, 183, 186, 198, 208, 71, 72, 76, 77, 80–82, 86, 87, near-IR pitch angle classes, 58 213, 249, 250, 304, 306, 99, 113, 122, 148, 149, 153, dwarf ellipticals, 53, 54 plumes, 45, 164, 168, 171, 213 158, 174, 175, 192, 199, 215, nucleated, 53, 220, 296 bars 219, 287, 294, 296 dwarf galaxies, 16, 27, 52, 76, 269 ansae, 36, 37, 108, 112, 116–120, SGC, 3, 27 dwarf irregulars, 53, 54, 70, 266 122, 128, 129, 135, 137, 144, CCD, see charge-coupled device dwarf spheroidal galaxies, 83 146–148, 171, 175, 176, 194, Cepheids, 247, 253 Dwingeloo 1, 67, 245 282, 294 charge-coupled device, 3, 30, 81–83 ellipticity, 60, 306, 307 clumpy irregular galaxy, 270 fast, 38, 39, 41, 128 collisional ring galaxies, 299 early-type galaxies, 8, 36, 87, 138, 304 formation, 67, 302, 304, 305 compact galaxy, 75 edge-on barred galaxies Lagrangian points, 37, 45, 164 Copeland, R., 6 box/peanut bulges, 33, 36, 111 ovals, 15, 37, 41, 120, 217, 301 Corotation Resonance, 38, 39, 41, 42, observational diagnostics, 33 pattern speed, 35, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45, 44, 45, 47, 78, 79, 163, 304 edge-on spirals, 24, 36 47, 51, 65, 66, 79, 108, 112, counter-rotation, 80, 139 elliptical galaxies, 1, 7, 54, 56, 57, 74, 119, 128, 133, 151, 163, 192, CR, see Corotation Resonance 76, 80, 99, 106, 201, 294, 309, 311 302, 305–307 Curtis, H. D., 6 boxy, 56 periodic orbits, 33, 37, 38, 41–44, 48, cylindrical rotation, 33 disky, 56 135, 305, 307 isophote twists, 57 quadrupole moment, 47 DDO 50, 269 epicyclic approximation, 132 relative frequency, 59, 305 DDO 155, 270 epicyclic frequency, 41 slow, 38, 41, 43, 56, 66, 77, 302, 304 DDO 165, 270 ESO 34−11, 299 strength, 13, 15, 38, 60–65, 69, 79, DDO 180, 261 ESO 111−22, 121, 202 188, 306, 307 DDO 216, 288 ESO 153−20, 181

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82048-6 - The de Vaucouleurs Atlas of Galaxies Ronald J. Buta, Harold G. Corwin and Stephen C. Odewahn Index More information

338 Index

ESO 198−13, 153, 162 galaxy morphology Hubble sequence, 7, 8, 11, 22, 24, 56, ESO 235–58, 77, 78, 298 dash–dot in brackets, 18 287, 301–304, 307–309 ESO 236−29, 152 distinct components, 69, 70 Hubble Space Telescope, 25, 30, 35, 37, ESO 239−4, 160 visual, 6, 7, 22, 80 49–51, 76, 77, 83, 103, 132, 141, ESO 245−1, 160 galaxy morphology, effects of 148, 152, 174, 196, 208, 299 ESO 286−10, 159 distance, 4, 126, 152, 175, 262, 269, Hubble tuning fork, 1, 10, 11, 53 ESO 294−16, 160 270, 312 Hubble, E. P., 1 ESO 297–27, 30, 38 environment, 5, 49, 68, 80, 117, 140, Hubble–Sandage classification ESO 325−28, 45, 64, 67, 204 220, 240, 247, 306, 308 system, 2 ESO 350−40, 300 evolution, 5, 6, 37, 38, 44, 48, 50, 51, Hunter, S., 6, 7 ESO 365−35, 136 66, 80, 301, 304, 305, 307, 309 ESO 426−2, 136 Galactic extinction, 23, 24, 67, 71, I0 galaxies, 16, 71, 266, 271, 290, 291, ESO 437−67, 181 72, 117 293, 296–298 ESO 509−98, 37, 45, 52, 147 inclination, 23, 27, 30, 35, 118, 126, IC 10, 71, 269 ESO 526−7, 195 164, 169, 171, 191, 192, IC 1613, 31, 269 ESO 565−11, 49, 50, 66, 71, 151, 176, 199–201, 207, 210, 219, 228, 228 230, 239, 257, 278, 284, 285, IC 1179, 295 ESO 566−24, 164, 186, 189 287 IC 1181, 295 ESO 575−47, 181 luminosity, 5, 11, 16, 21, 22, 24, 27, IC 1993, 182, 197 ESO-B Sky Survey, 81 29, 51–55, 57, 63, 76, 84, 99, IC 1438, 137, 150 extraplanar dust, 281, 282 106, 113, 175, 265, 266, 270, IC 1459, 102 274, 288, 292, 300, 306, 308, IC 1805, 103 311 IC 2006, 134 faint fuzzies, 108 redshift, 5, 22, 75, 152, 165, 186, IC 2036, 181 Fourier bar, 59, 142 273, 305, 307–309 IC 2163, 73, 294 fundamental plane, 56 total mass, 5, 304, 301 IC 2233, 287 wavelength, 4, 5, 33, 49, 58, 83, 84, IC 2574, 265 87, 200, 309 IC 3328, 53 galaxy classification giant elliptical galaxies, 99, 106 IC 3370, 57 CAS system, 309 giant low surface brightness galaxies, 54 IC 342, 67, 103, 245, 247, 266, 288 cells, 13, 19, 69, 87 globular clusters, 49, 54, 76, 103, 108, IC 3583, 173 continuity, 13, 15, 16, 28, 39, 62, 254, 299 IC 4182, 259, 262 105, 128 GOLDMine, 81 IC 4290, 137, 141 family, 14, 15, 22, 43, 61, 64, 85, 86, Gould, S. J., 1 IC 4444, 225 125, 135, 140, 278, 284, gravitational torque method, 60, 61, 64, IC 5052, 288 305 188, 306, 307 IC 5169, 121 stage, 2, 15, 17–20, 22–24, 27, 36, GTM, see gravitational torque method IC 5240, 18, 35, 40, 64, 66, 78, 137, 44, 55, 63, 64, 107, 124, 137, 138 162, 164, 182, 206, 226, 232, IC 5325, 225 235, 243, 246, 247, 252, 254, Handbuch der Physik,2,3 IC 879, 159, 280 259, 260, 273, 275, 292, Harvard Boyden Station, 2 ILR, see Inner Lindblad Resonance 302 hermeneutical circularity, 301 image processing type correlations, 19, 22 Herschel, J., 6 background subtraction, 83 variety, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, Herschel, W., 6 bad columns, 83, 84 52, 129, 147, 153, 166, 208, HII regions, 54, 66, 69, 70, 72, charge overflow, 83 209, 214, 215, 219, 222, 226, 125–127, 135, 138, 142, 152, 163, CI map, 84 228, 231, 249, 250, 256, 263, 165, 170, 172, 196, 201 cosmic ray event removal, 83 264, 277, 278, 282, 284, Holmberg II, 269 FITS, 83, 84 307 HST, see Hubble Space Telescope Fourier analysis, 30, 33, 155 Galaxy Evolution Explorer Hubble Atlas, 1, 2, 10–12, 15, 18, 51, surface brightness map, 82, 84 (GALEX), 309 84, 130, 141, 167, 228 unsharp masking, 33 galaxy formation, 3, 301–303 Hubble Heritage, 83 zero point, 82, 84, 312

Index 339

Image Reduction and Analysis leading dust lanes, 126, 127, 132, 133, NGC 53, 65, 66, 165 Facility, 83, 84 138, 141, 145, 148, 149, 151, 156, NGC 128, 33, 39 COSMICRAY, 83 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 184, NGC 147, 54 IMEDIT, 83 185, 188–191, 193, 194, 207, 208, NGC 150, 188 IMSURFIT, 83 210, 211, 213, 231, 232, 236, 244 NGC 151, 206, 223 XIMTOOL, 84 LEDA, 87 NGC 157, 235 Infrared Array Camera (IRAC), 309 lens, 8, 11, 15, 37, 38, 45, 51, 52, 69, NGC 210, 15, 182, 195 inner lens, 52, 111, 112, 114, 119, 125, 85, 99, 105, 107–116, 119, 123, NGC 221, 9, 106 136, 147, 149, 153, 155 125, 129, 136, 141, 145, 147, 149, NGC 224, 201 Inner 4 : 1 Ultraharmonic Resonance, 153, 155, 156, 177, 258, 274, NGC 244, 270 41, 44–47, 79, 132, 163 294, 296 NGC 247, 253 Inner Lindblad Resonance, 41, 43, 45, lenticulars, 8, 16, 19 NGC 253, 230, 237, 238 51, 79, 132, 141, 178, 180, 192, Leo I dwarf spheroidal galaxy, 83 NGC 266, 162, 168 213, 220, 305 Leo II dwarf spheroidal galaxy, 53, 83 NGC 278, 196 vertical, 36 Lindblad precession frequencies, 41 NGC 289, 221 inner pseudoring, 68, 86, 119, 127, 130, LINER, 191 NGC 300, 253 131, 139, 141–145, 151, 152, 154, low surface brightness galaxies, 54 NGC 309, 13, 14, 226, 228 158, 166–169, 171, 172, 176, 185, luminous asymmetric objects, 309 NGC 428, 263 187, 189–191, 193–198, 200, 203, luminous diffuse objects, 309 NGC 578, 31, 251 210, 211, 214, 218, 219, 221, 227, NGC 584, 109 228, 233–236, 239, 240, 244, 245, M31, 6, 54, 106, 201 NGC 598, 31, 243, 246 247–251, 257, 258, 261, 264, 292, M51, 6, 28, 290, 291 NGC 613, 34, 211 294 M61, 8, 15 NGC 619, 176 inner ring, 11, 13, 15, 18, 30, 35, M81 Group, 270 NGC 625, 268 44–46, 48, 50, 54, 64–66, 69, 71, M82, 12, 178, 296 NGC 628, 28, 232 78, 79, 112, 114, 116–122, 124, M83, 8, 15, 17, 231 NGC 678, 277 126–136, 138, 141, 145, 146, M101, 245 NGC 680, 277 148–154, 156–158, 163–172, 174, Maffei 1, 67, 68, 71, 103 NGC 685, 248 175, 179, 180, 183–187, 189–191, Maffei 2, 67, 72, 222 NGC 718, 142 192–197, 200, 202, 207–209, 211, Magellanic Clouds, 8, 15, 16, 54, 311 NGC 720, 102 212, 214, 216, 217, 219, 223, 224, characteristic asymmetry, 16 NGC 779, 203 228–230, 232, 233, 235, 247, 258, Magellanic spirals and irregulars, 16 NGC 799, 155 273, 278, 284, 290, 292 Malin 1, 54, 55 NGC 864, 241 interstellar dust mean radial force, 60 NGC 891, 281 composition, 227 merger, 33, 49, 73, 75, 106, 153, 157, NGC 908, 238 IRAF, see Image Reduction and 196, 209, 227, 235, 271, 275, 292, NGC 925, 258 Analysis Facility 295, 297, 298, 301, 304 NGC 936, 107, 119 Irr I galaxies, 9, 12 Messier, C., 6 NGC 1003, 256 Irr II galaxies, 9, 12 misaligned bar–ring galaxies, 176, 228 NGC 1022, 158 irregular galaxies, 54 Mitchell, R. J., 6 NGC 1023, 108 isolated extragalactic HII regions, 70, 72 Morgan classification system NGC 1042, 236 isophote twists, 105 population groups, 80 NGC 1052, 101 morphology-density relation, 6 NGC 1055, 281 Jeans, J., 6 NGC 1068, 59, 198 Jeans Y, 8 NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, NGC 1073, 31, 243, 249 57, 81, 87, 152, 174 NGC 1079, 37, 45, 137, 148, 150 near-rings, 24 NGC 1084, 242 Keeler, J. E., 6 NED, see NASA/IPAC Extragalactic NGC 1087, 233 Database NGC 1097, 48, 193, 211 Large Magellanic Cloud, 15, 17, 311 NGC 1, 203 NGC 1156, 268 late ellipticals, 17 NGC 2, 203 NGC 1161, 107, 123 late-type galaxies, 22, 27, 83, 304 NGC 45, 34, 253 NGC 1187, 236

340 Index

NGC 1199, 101 NGC 1587, 35 NGC 3021, 215 NGC 1209, 104 NGC 1596, 273 NGC 3031, 34, 162, 178 NGC 1211, 131 NGC 1602, 263, 273 NGC 3034, 8, 9, 17, 296 NGC 1241, 205 NGC 1617, 160 NGC 3059, 250 NGC 1288, 224 NGC 1637, 226, 235 NGC 3077, 12, 178, 297 NGC 1291, 16, 50, 52, 85, 125, 136 NGC 1640, 204 NGC 3081, 15, 23–25, 44, 45, 47, 48, NGC 1297, 113 NGC 1703, 238 50, 51, 123, 124, 132, 148 NGC 1300, 12, 17, 36, 148, 182, 202 NGC 1705, 71, 72, 296 NGC 3115, 8, 9, 17, 273, 274 NGC 1302, 124, 127 NGC 1741, 73 NGC 3124, 30, 33, 38, 78, 207 NGC 1313, 31, 259, 260 NGC 1792, 34, 234 NGC 3166, 124, 130 NGC 1317, 141, 156 NGC 1808, 199, 234 NGC 3184, 240 NGC 1326, 49, 50, 124, 126, 127 NGC 2090, 239 NGC 3185, 278 NGC 1344, 73, 74 NGC 2139, 256 NGC 3190, 278 NGC 1350, 162, 171 NGC 2196, 176 NGC 3193, 100 NGC 1358, 137, 149 NGC 2207, 73, 294 NGC 3203, 39 NGC 1365, 17, 28, 206, 208 NGC 2217, 144 NGC 3223, 214 NGC 1369, 156 NGC 2227, 251 NGC 3226, 291 NGC 1371, 129, 142 NGC 2268, 221 NGC 3227, 291 NGC 1374, 104 NGC 2273, 143 NGC 3245, 116 NGC 1379, 9, 100 NGC 2305, 166 NGC 3261, 187 NGC 1381, 35, 39 NGC 2307, 78, 79, 166 NGC 3269, 161 NGC 1387, 107, 108 NGC 2336, 211, 212 NGC 3275, 168 NGC 1398, 162, 163 NGC 2403, 34, 246, 255 NGC 3294, 238 NGC 1399, 100 NGC 2442, 34, 221 NGC 3310, 209 NGC 1400, 109 NGC 2444, 298 NGC 3313, 187 NGC 1404, 101 NGC 2445, 298 NGC 3314, 300 NGC 1407, 100 NGC 2523, 12, 182, 185 NGC 3319, 249 NGC 1411, 107, 113 NGC 2535, 73 NGC 3338, 224 NGC 1415, 145 NGC 2536, 73 NGC 3351, 29, 183, 185 NGC 1421, 239 NGC 2537, 265 NGC 3358, 52, 147 NGC 1426, 102 NGC 2665, 45, 67, 181 NGC 3359, 34, 226, 228 NGC 1433, 4, 24, 36, 37, 45, 46, 64, NGC 2672, 101 NGC 3368, 174 66, 133, 142, 162, 164, 166–169, NGC 2681, 124, 131 NGC 3370, 241 171, 183–187, 190, 192, 213, 231 NGC 2685, 291 NGC 3377, 57, 102 NGC 1452, 138 NGC 2713, 4, 169 NGC 3379, 99 NGC 1493, 31, 243, 248 NGC 2748, 242 NGC 3389, 236 NGC 1510, 165 NGC 2768, 111 NGC 3414, 276 NGC 1511, 288 NGC 2775, 162, 177 NGC 3423, 251 NGC 1512, 165 NGC 2784, 114 NGC 3434, 190 NGC 1527, 40, 111, 122 NGC 2788, 39 NGC 3448, 12 NGC 1530, 188 NGC 2835, 78, 243, 246 NGC 3450, 78, 204 NGC 1531, 293 NGC 2841, 10, 28, 177, 182, 199, 201 NGC 3482, 137, 159 NGC 1532, 293 NGC 2855, 130 NGC 3486, 78, 232 NGC 1533, 110 NGC 2859, 8, 10, 107, 116–119 NGC 3504, 24, 34, 167, 171 NGC 1537, 112 NGC 2865, 74, 294 NGC 3507, 197 NGC 1543, 136 NGC 2915, 71 NGC 3511, 246 NGC 1553, 52, 114, 115 NGC 2935, 194, 195 NGC 3513, 226, 227 NGC 1559, 249 NGC 2962, 129 NGC 3583, 204 NGC 1560, 288 NGC 2964, 205 NGC 3593, 297 NGC 1566, 44, 46, 59, 213, 216, 217 NGC 2976, 297 NGC 3596, 225 NGC 1569, 266 NGC 2983, 119 NGC 3608, 101 NGC 1574, 108 NGC 2997, 229 NGC 3610, 117

Index 341

NGC 3627, 191 NGC 4192, 171 NGC 4548, 68, 167, 168, 182, 185, 211, NGC 3628, 283 NGC 4212, 30, 242 221, 228, 246, 248, 249, 255, 257 NGC 3631, 214 NGC 4214, 263 NGC 4553, 51, 107, 115, 120, 121 NGC 3642, 209 NGC 4216, 279 NGC 4565, 279 NGC 3660, 13, 14, 219 NGC 4217, 282 NGC 4567, 225 NGC 3665, 57, 122 NGC 4220, 131 NGC 4568, 225 NGC 3690, 295 NGC 4236, 261 NGC 4569, 69, 173 NGC 3718, 294 NGC 4242, 259, 262 NGC 4571, 55, 226, 235 NGC 3726, 233 NGC 4245, 133 NGC 4579, 162, 172 NGC 3782, 258, 259 NGC 4254, 240 NGC 4580, 68, 137, 140, 154 NGC 3810, 234 NGC 4258, 200 NGC 4593, 168 NGC 3877, 219, 285, NGC 4274, 167 NGC 4594, 10, 179, 277, 278, 280 NGC 3887, 217 NGC 4293, 124, 129 NGC 4596, 124, 128 NGC 3893, 226, 233, 266 NGC 4298, 242, 287 NGC 4608, 124, 128 NGC 3896, 233, 266 NGC 4302, 287 NGC 4618, 16, 264 NGC 3898, 177 NGC 4303, 206, 210 NGC 4621, 9, 102 NGC 3900, 177 NGC 4314, 141, 156 NGC 4622, 18, 30, 33, 36, 37, 80, 154, NGC 3906, 259, 261 NGC 4321, 206, 220, 229 157 NGC 3913, 241 NGC 4322, 220 NGC 4623, 275 NGC 3917, 237, 238 NGC 4340, 15, 107, 117 NGC 4625, 16, 264 NGC 3923, 74, 75 NGC 4371, 112 NGC 4627, 286, 299 NGC 3928, 53, 175 NGC 4378, 25, 137, 155 NGC 4627, 275 NGC 3931, 117 NGC 4631, 18, 286, 287, 299 NGC 4388, 284 NGC 3938, 31, 237 NGC 4643, 129 NGC 4394, 168 NGC 3945, 117–119 NGC 4647, 241 NGC 4395, 31, 260 NGC 3953, 78, 212 NGC 4649, 112 NGC 4402, 285 NGC 3972, 215 NGC 4650, 76, 77, 299 NGC 4406, 104 NGC 3992, 189, 190 NGC 4651, 206, 223 NGC 4425, 274 NGC 3998, 113 NGC 4654, 248 NGC 4429, 35, 40, 107, 122, 123 NGC 4010, 287 NGC 4656, 286 NGC 4013, 280, 281 NGC 4435, 293 NGC 4665, 15, 107, 122 NGC 4026, 275 NGC 4438, 293 NGC 4666, 284 NGC 4027, 16, 259, 261, 262 NGC 4448, 169 NGC 4668, 270, 284 NGC 4030, 218, 219 NGC 4449, 9, 267 NGC 4689, 68, 209 NGC 4036, 121 NGC 4450, 162, 173 NGC 4691, 159, 296 NGC 4038, 292 NGC 4457, 137, 140 NGC 4698, 68, 158 NGC 4039, 292 NGC 4472, 104 NGC 4699, 176 NGC 4045, 203 NGC 4477, 110, 123 NGC 4710, 35, 39 NGC 4051, 233 NGC 4485, 293 NGC 4725, 13, 172 NGC 4062, 237 NGC 4486, 75, 76, 100 NGC 4736, 37, 162, 180, 196, 198, 217 NGC 4085, 229, 238 NGC 4490, 293 NGC 4747, 172 NGC 4088, 229, 238 NGC 4494, 100 NGC 4753, 298 NGC 4100, 215 NGC 4496, 257 NGC 4762, 274 NGC 4111, 273 NGC 4501, 182, 197 NGC 4772, 159 NGC 4136, 241 NGC 4504, 243, 247 NGC 4775, 256 NGC 4138, 153, 292 NGC 4517, 283 NGC 4781, 252, 256 NGC 4143, 107, 110 NGC 4519, 252, 255 NGC 4818, 298 NGC 4145, 257 NGC 4526, 275 NGC 4826, 157 NGC 4151, 175 NGC 4527, 29, 219 NGC 4874, 17, 106 NGC 4157, 284 NGC 4532, 263 NGC 4889, 17, 106 NGC 4178, 257 NGC 4535, 232 NGC 4897, 211 NGC 4183, 287 NGC 4536, 218 NGC 4900, 247

342 Index

NGC 4902, 29, 184 NGC 5945, 166, 188 NGC 7418, 248 NGC 4909, 153 NGC 5962, 241 NGC 7424, 250 NGC 4930, 207 NGC 5985, 29, 182, 191 NGC 7457, 110 NGC 4939, 212 NGC 6012, 192 NGC 7479, 10, 31, 227, 228 NGC 4995, 34, 195 NGC 6040, 105, 292 NGC 7531, 54–56, 79, 197, 217, 223 NGC 5005, 191, 191 NGC 6041, 105 NGC 7552, 162, 170, 284 NGC 5032, 182, 205 NGC 6042, 105 NGC 7582, 170, 284 NGC 5054, 223 NGC 6050, 295 NGC 7633, 118, 120 NGC 5078, 280 NGC 6070, 243, 247 NGC 7640, 228 NGC 5081, 197 NGC 6215, 224, 234 NGC 7702, 51, 115, 120, 121 NGC 5085, 34, 234 NGC 6217, 225 NGC 7713, 252, 258 NGC 5101, 137, 139 NGC 6221, 224, 234 NGC 7723, 190, 192 NGC 5102, 111 NGC 6300, 190 NGC 7741, 243, 249–251 NGC 5121, 145 NGC 6340, 124, 134 NGC 7742, 137, 152 NGC 5161, 251 NGC 6384, 211, 212 NGC 7743, 124, 140 NGC 5194, 6, 206, 290 NGC 6398, 156 NGC 7752, 291 NGC 5195, 59, 290 NGC 6570, 262 NGC 7753, 291 NGC 5204, 265 NGC 6632, 205 NGC 7769, 295 NGC 5236, 226, 231 NGC 6643, 239 NGC 7770, 296 NGC 5247, 12, 226, 240 NGC 6654, 159 NGC 7771, 296 NGC 5248, 140, 215 NGC 6684, 121 NGC 7793, 31, 252, 254 NGC 5253, 266, 271, 297 NGC 6744, 28, 206, 208 NGC 7814, 278 NGC 5273, 115 NGC 6753, 196 nonbarred ringed galaxies, 80, 87 NGC 5322, 102 NGC 6782, 25, 50, 52, 65, 66, nuclear rings, 44, 48–50, 80, 167, 192, NGC 5334, 249 73, 126 198, 217, 305 NGC 5363, 57, 298 NGC 6822, 268 nuclear spirals, 48 NGC 5364, 12–14, 18, 79, 206, NGC 6902, 78, 79, 182, 196 numerical simulations, 16, 45, 47, 151, 216, 223 NGC 6907, 225 290, 304 NGC 5365, 110 NGC 6935, 152, 224 NGC 5371, 209 NGC 6937, 152, 224, 226 Observatories NGC 5377, 44, 46, 144 NGC 6942, 160 Anglo-Australian, 82 NGC 5409, 205 NGC 6946, 243, 244, 248 European Southern, 82 NGC 5426, 218, 242 NGC 6951, 5, 59, 61, 62, 223 Kitt Peak National, 82 NGC 5427, 218 NGC 7020, 35, 40, 111, 122, 135 Las Campanas, 13 NGC 5430, 202 NGC 7042, 204 Lick, 2, 6 NGC 5448, 174 NGC 7079, 112 Mount Stromlo, 2, 13 NGC 5457, 7, 10, 27, 243, 245 NGC 7083, 219 Mount Wilson, 2, 13 NGC 5483, 229 NGC 7098, 37, 66, 137, 146 National Optical Astronomy, 83 NGC 5585, 258 NGC 7144, 105, 109 Paris, 1, 2, 311 NGC 5610, 170 NGC 7184, 192 ocular galaxies, 73, 294 NGC 5643, 236 NGC 7187, 107, 120, 124 offset dust lanes, see leading dust lanes NGC 5701, 149 NGC 7192, 105, 107, 109 OLR, see Outer Lindblad Resonance NGC 5728, 148 NGC 7205, 29, 214 orbital resonances, 64 NGC 5756, 203 NGC 7213, 130 outer lens, 52, 119 NGC 5792, 4, 191, 192 NGC 7217, 25, 59, 80, 127, 130, 153, Outer Lindblad Resonance, 41–45, 47, NGC 5813, 101 179, 277 48, 65, 78, 85, 121, 124, 132, 133, NGC 5846, 75, 184 NGC 7329, 65, 204 137–139, 141, 144, 149, 150, 163, NGC 5850, 10, 182, 184 NGC 7331, 29, 200 166, 171, 174, 176, 180, 186, 187, NGC 5866, 276 NGC 7332, 274, 285 191, 193, 199, 213

NGC 5905, 4, 207 NGC 7339, 274, 285 R1, 42–45, 64, 85, 118, 123, 127, NGC 5907, 281 NGC 7377, 107, 119, 124 131, 132, 136, 139, 147–150, NGC 5921, 29, 206, 207 NGC 7412, 214 163, 166, 199

Index 343

R1 and R2, 116, 225 primary bar, 50, 51, 112, 120, 121, 125, classification criteria, 11, 19, 23, 185, R1R2, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 85, 123, 126, 156, 183, 184, 194, 213, 220, 196, 302 131, 132, 139, 143, 147–150 231 counterwinding, 30, 33, 80, 142, 143, R1, 43–45, 46, 85, 126, 138, 141, principal component analysis, 22 154, 157 144, 151, 164, 167, 169–171, pseudobulges, 70, 302 density wave theory, 28, 240, 290 174, 176, 186, 187, 191, 193, density waves, 28, 33, 59, 69, 75, 178 202, 213 double stage, 23 radial force, 60 R2, 43, 44, 116, 127, 150 dwarf field, 53 Rambaut, W., 6 R2, 43, 44, 64, 85, 123, 127, 131, early-type, 8, 16, 22, 36, 37, 51, 63, 76, 132, 136, 139, 147, 148, 150, resonance ring galaxies, 41, 85, 132, 78–80, 87, 105, 106, 120, 126, 195, 250 144, 164, 302 131, 138, 140, 142, 144, 148, 151, sequential ring formation, 127, 150 ring formation, 22, 41, 42, 45, 79, 307 153, 155, 156, 158, 163, 165, 291, outer pseudoring, 43–45, 52, 126, 127, Roberts, I., 2, 6 297, 298, 302, 304, 307, 308 132, 134, 136, 141, 142, 144, 145, filamentary arms, 27, 28 147, 149, 151, 153, 157, 161, flocculent, 18, 28, 59, 79, 124, 129, S0 galaxies, 8, 11, 19, 38, 51, 57, 83, 164–172, 174–176, 187, 194, 195, 135, 138, 153, 162, 163, 176, 107, 111, 273, 274, 276, 301, 307, 197, 200, 202, 207, 210, 213, 215, 177, 179, 182, 190, 192, 196, 308 250, 258, 282 198–200, 209, 214, 215, 218, outer ring, 11, 16, 25, 42, 43, 48, 52, S01,S02,S03 galaxies, 11 219, 221, 235, 237, 239, 254, 64, 65, 80, 85, 110–112, 114, SA family, 13 277, 280 116–118, 120, 121, 123–125, 127, SAB family, 15, 61, 194, 211, 231 grand design, 28, 213, 216, 220, 223, 129–133, 136, 139, 140, 143, 144, Sandage, A., 1, 2, 13, 84, 311 229, 238, 240, 304 146, 148, 152, 153, 155, 156, 158, SB family, 13 intermediate-type, 54 163, 166, 167, 169, 174, 179, 180, SB0 galaxies, 11, 15, 105, 112, 308 late-type, 8, 16, 18, 22, 27, 63, 72, 184, 192, 196, 198, 199, 202, 203, SB01, SB02, SB03 galaxies, 11 77, 80, 83, 87, 209, 228, 233, 209, 274 SBm, 12, 16, 22, 260, 261, 264, 265, 234, 237, 244, 246, 249–251, outer rings 288 253, 255, 257, 258, 261, 264, dimpling, 123, 127, 139, 148, 171 Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy, 54 271, 272, 286, 288, 293, 295, Sculptor Group, 230, 253, 254 300, 304, 307 Palomar Sky Survey, 81 SDSS, see Sloan Digital Sky Survey massive arms, 27, 28, 214, 246 Paris, University of, 1, 311 secondary bar, 50, 51, 85, 112, 116, mixed, 2, 8, 13, 15, 18, 73, 166 Parsons, L., 6 118, 125, 126, 132, 136, 139, 142, multiplicity, 27, 185, 196, 214 Parsons, W., 6 147, 148, 156, 163, 174, 184, 194, nearside–farside dust asymmetry, 33 Pasadena, California, 2, 13 220 normal, 1, 8 pattern speeds relative frequency, 51 optically flocculent, 59, 179 phase shift method, 40 Seyfert 1, 168, 175, 208, 233, 260 ordinary, 8, 64, 134, 247, 304 blue and red spirals, 41 Seyfert 2, 132, 143, 148, 149, 170, 198, self-propagating Canzian method, 40, 78 236, 284 stochastic star formation, 28 TW method, 39 Seyfert galaxies swing amplification, 33 Pence, W. D., 312 bar fraction, 59 Spitzer Space Telescope, 178, 309 − photoelectric photometry, 3, 82 SGC 2311.8 4353, 54–56 spontaneous bars, 305 photographic plate, 3, 55, 81 Shapley–Ames Catalogue, 13, 84 SRC-J Southern Sky Survey, 64, 81 87, photometric systems shell elliptical galaxies, 74 134, 148 Cousins, 81, 82, 84, 87 Sloan Digital Sky Survey, 82, 87 starburst, 59, 106, 167, 170, 193, 199, Johnson, 58, 81–84, 87 small bulge Sa galaxies, 23 209, 222, 230, 231, 244, 247, 266, photometry Sorbonne, 1, 311 269, 271, 284, 291, 295–297 multi-aperture, 82, 84 South Africa, 8 Stoney, B., 6 standard star, 82 spiral strength, 61, 87 Stoney, G. J., 6 polar ring, 76, 111, 114, 129, spiral structure submillimeter sources, 309 276, 299 modal theory, 59, 213, 304 super star clusters, 50, 66, 70, Population I stars, 9 spirals 151, 208 Population II stars, 9 arm classes, 28, 30 synchrotron radiation, 5

344 Index

T index, 19, 61 tangential force, 60, 61 test-particle models, 44 Thuan–Gunn g band, 87 tidally driven resonance rings, 80 tidally induced bars, 305 Toomre Q parameter, 79 total nonaxisymmetry strength, 61, 69 transition morphologies, 13 turnover radius, 79, 217 turnover ring, 217 Two Micron All-Sky Survey, 129, 130, 174, 193, 222, 229, 239, 246, 253, 278, 282, 284, 294 type correlations, 19, 22 effective colors, 19, 23 halo mass fraction, 22 hydrogen index, 20, 22 spiral pitch angles, 22

UGC 6344, 265 UGC 6614, 55, 158 UGC 12646, 45, 65–67, 181 UHR, see Inner 4 : 1 Ultraharmonic Resonance

van den Bergh, S., 27 Virgo Cluster, 53, 68, 71, 117, 140, 154, 158, 173, 185, 197, 209, 210, 218–220, 223, 232, 235, 240, 284, 287, 293 Virgo types, 68

white nebulae, 6, 7, 309 Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte (WLM) galaxy, 31, 268

Zwicky’s blue compact galaxies, 72