Tairāwhiti 2050 Background Information
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
TAIRāWHITI 2050 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OCtoBER 2019 CONTENTS ABOUT TaIRāWHITI 4 PROTECTING WHAT WE VALUe - NATURAL HERITAGE 63 Where we are 4 Importance Of This Topic 63 Who we are 4 What Don’t We Know? 71 References 13 Policy framework 72 Consultation 73 RESILIENT COMMUNITIEs - CLIMATE CHANGE 14 References 74 Background 14 Climate change will affect Tairāwhiti 15 PROTECTING WHAT WE VALUe - SOILS 75 What don’t we know? 25 Background 75 Policy framework 26 Responding to soils: work underway 78 Consultation 28 Policy Framework 79 References 29 Consultation 79 References 80 RESILIENT COMMUNITIEs - NATURAL HAZARDS 30 Background 30 PROTECTING WHAT WE VALUe - Air QUALITY 81 What don’t we know? 37 Background 81 Policy framework 37 Responding to air quality work underway 82 Consultation 40 Policy Framework 83 References 41 Consultation 84 References 84 RESILIENT COMMUNITIEs - INFRASTRUCTURE 42 Coastal, Land Drainage, Rivers And Flood Control 42 CONNECTED REGIOn - ROAD NETWORK 85 Transport 49 Context 85 Community Facilities 52 Background 85 Energy 57 Problems and Opportunities 91 Work Underway That Supports Resilient Infrastructure 57 Evidence 93 Policy Framework 59 What don’t we know? 94 References 62 Further work to be undertaken 95 Policy framework 95 References 96 2 TAIRĀWHITI - 2050 GISBORNE REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN CONNECTED REGIOn - ACTIVE TRANSPORT 97 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS 118 Context 97 Population 118 Background 97 Housing 120 Problems and Opportunities 101 Urban Development 123 Evidence 101 Rural Townships 126 Consultation 101 Policy Framework 126 Policy framework 102 Consultation 129 References 103 References 130 CONNECTED REGIOn - Air TRANSPORT 104 THRIVING EcONOMY 131 Context 104 Economic overview 131 Background 104 Tourism 134 Problems and Opportunities 105 Agriculture 134 Evidence 105 Horticulture 134 Policy framework 106 Forestry 138 References 107 Waste Management 140 Policy framework 142 CONNECTED REGIOn - SEA TRANSPORT 108 References 143 Context 108 Background 108 TANGATA WHENUa 144 Problems and Opportunities 110 Introduction 144 Evidence 111 Context 144 Policy framework 112 Strategic Framework 150 References 112 Key stakeholders 154 Current initiatives, planning, projects underway 155 CONNECTED REGIOn - RaIL TRANSPORT 113 Consultation Review 156 Context 113 Key Issues & Opportunities 160 Background 113 Opportunities and Possible Actions 160 Problems and Opportunities 115 References 161 Evidence 116 Policy framework 117 References 117 3 ABOUT TaIRāWHITI WHERE WE ARE WHO WE ARE Geography Gisborne’s greatest asset is its people. We are a cohesive, connected, culturally rich and creative community. The Tairāwhiti/Gisborne region covers an area of 8,350 square kilometres, making up 3% of New Zealand’s total land area. The Our navigation history makes an important contribution to our region stretches from the Wharerata Hills in the south to the cultural identity today. Māori are believed to have first arrived on East Cape and Potaka township in the north and includes all of the East Coast after their epic Pacific navigations in the fourteenth the coastal marine area extending out to the 12 nautical mile century. Their many descendants now make up almost half of territorial limit within the District. Adjacent regions are Hawkes Bay the region. There is a strong cultural and spiritual relationship of and Bay of Plenty. State Highways 2 and 35 connect us to these iwi with the natural and physical environment of the East Coast. neighbouring regions via three vital road corridors. Flights from The waka of Maui- Tikitiki-a-Taranga who fished up the Ika-a-Maui Gisborne airport connect our region directly to Auckland and (North Island) is said to rest on top of Mt Hikurangi, the ancestral Wellington. mountain of the Ngāti Porou people. The rivers and coast continue to be an important and rich source of food. Tangata whenua make The region has a relatively low population and retains a degree of a significant contribution to the character and identity of all our physical isolation from the rest of the country. settlements. Our region contains around 270 kilometres of coastline. Stunning It’s also where, in 1769, Captain James Cook anchored his ship sandy beaches are many but in places the coastline comprises Endeavour and came ashore for the first meeting on land between rugged rocky shores and headlands, off-shore islands, stacks and Māori and Pakeha (Activate Tairāwhiti, n.d.). From the time of first reefs. contact, Europeans had a major impact on Maori, their land, beliefs Gisborne city and many of our smaller townships are located close and culture and the technologies and tools available to them. The to the coast and our lifestyle is heavily influenced by beach and first encounters between Māori and Europeans were important marine activity. and set the tone for future relationships. The encounter will be commemorated in October 2019, where our communities will Steep to rolling hill country dominates the region’s topography. mark the 250th year of this historic moment The Raukumara Range forms a rugged bush-clad spine that runs the length of the region’s western boundary. The highest point Lifestyle is Mt Hikurangi which, at 1754m, is the highest non-volcanic Gisborne provides an enviable lifestyle for its residents. We have mountain in the North Island. easy access to a stunning environment, cafes and wineries. Our Our steep hill country grades to rolling land on hilltops and river homes are still incredibly affordable compared to other cities in terraces and flats in the valleys. Valleys are narrow except our large the country and it takes no time at all to get to work. We are at rivers, especially the Waipaoa River and associated tributaries home by the beach and are spoilt for choice when it comes to which have formed the Gisborne Plains. surfing, swimming, camping and fishing. Recently formed skeletal soils cover most of the regions hill Our economy is growing and is creating opportunities for more country. Pumice soils predominate in the smaller terraced areas employment. While further away from the major metropolitan and rolling hilly lands. They are friable, sandy or gravelly soils that centres, we are only an hour’s flight away from Auckland and drain readily and generally allow for plant growth. More alluvial Wellington. soils are found along the river flats, swamps, coastal marshes and beaches. 4 TAIRĀWHITI - 2050 GISBORNE REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN 5 Destination Age Gisborne is also growing as a visitor destination. Events such as We have the youngest population in New Zealand, i.e. highest R and V have made Gisborne a regular new year’s destination. proportion of under-15-year-olds. One quarter of our people are Summer camping, great wine and a stunning coastline also draw aged under 15 years; in 2014 the national average was 20%. families and campervans to the region. Cruise ship tourism is also increasing with visitors to Gisborne port almost tripling in the year Over the next 30 years, the proportion of youth will decline but to June 2019 (Ashton, 2019). remain above the national average. Generally, our region sees a large loss of young adults to larger cities in New Zealand seeking further education and employment opportunities. Population The 65+ age group will grow, from an estimated 14% in 2014 to 25% in 2031. Those aged 55 years and over are likely to stay in the As of June 2018, there are 49,100 living in the region (Statistics New region; this will lead to a reduction in proportion of the population Zealand, 2018). Most of us (37,200) live in the Gisborne urban area. that is of working age. This is up by 2,100 from 47,000 since 2013. By 2048, there will In total, the percentage of elderly and youth will increase from 39% be 5,140 more people living in the region, in 2,565 additional in 2014 to 45% in 2043. households (McIlrath, Erasmus, & Fairgray, 2019). While our population is growing, this is still markedly lower than the Population and household projections suggest that our anticipated New Zealand-wide growth of +25%. The average population will gradually age over time. This will change household size is expected to decline from current levels of 2.76 the demand for different housing types, social services and down to 2.66 by 2048. community facilities. The aging population also has implications for the labour force with more retired people relative to the number of people that can work. 6 TAIRĀWHITI - 2050 GISBORNE REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN 7 Family structure Ethnicity The overwhelming majority of Gisborne family households is Maori make up 48.90% of our population (as at 2013 census) - a made up of two parents with at least one child aged under 18 percentage that is far above that of the national average. Those years (32.1%). 21.7% of our households are made up of single of a Pacific, Asian, and Middle Eastern/Latin American/African parents with at least one child aged under 18 years. Only 29.2% of ethnicity make up 3.8%, 2.4%, and 0.4% respectively and are well families live in well-off neighbourhoods in Gisborne. below the national average. Gisborne family members scored lower on many wellbeing Four iwi have territorial boundaries in this region: Ngati Porou, Te indicators related to health, housing and economic security when Aitanga a Mahaki, Rongowhakaata, and Ngai Tamanuhiri. compared to other family members across New Zealand. However, they were very likely to report that they had strong relationships Ngāti Porou is the most numerous iwi affiliation among Gisborne with their families and good connections with their communities Māori, with just over 12,000 people in the district identifying (Social Policy Evaluation and Research Unit, 2017). with that iwi. Pacific people make up 4% of the local population, with 2% identified as Asian in the 2013 Census.