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Quick Scan of Uganda's Forage Sub-Sector

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Quick Scan of Uganda's Forage Sub-Sector Quick Scan of Uganda’s Forage Sub-Sector Netherlands East African Dairy Partnership (NEADAP) Working Paper Nairobi - November 2019 Authors: Jos Creemers (SNV Kenya / ProDairy EA Ltd) Adolfo Alvarez Aranguiz (Wageningen UR, Livestock Research) Uganda Forage Sub-Sector Quick Scan – Working Paper – NEADAP, November 2019 Uganda Forage Sub-Sector Quick Scan – Working Paper – NEADAP, November 2019 ii Quick Scan of Uganda’s Forage Sub-Sector Netherlands East African Dairy Partnership (NEADAP) Jos Creemers - SNV Kenya / ProDairy EA Ltd Adolfo Alvarez Aranguiz - Wageningen UR, Livestock Research This report describes Uganda’s forage sub-sector. It looks at the current situation of available forage species and their quality, seasonality, preservation, forage seeds and planting material, fertilizer use, mechanisation, inputs and services, the forage market, education and training, innovations, environ- mentally sustainable forage production and policies and regulations affecting the forage sub-sector. The report gives recommendations to enhance availability of quality forages. The report is an output of Theme 2: Forages and nutrition of dairy cows, of the Netherlands East African Dairy Partnership project (NEADAP). NEADAP is an initiative by the Netherlands government for learning and sharing amongst different dairy sectors and projects in East Africa. This report can be downloaded free of charge from www.cowsoko.com/KMDP The user may copy, distribute and transmit the work and create derivative works. Third-party material that has been used in the work and to which intellectual property rights apply, may not be used without prior permission of the third party concerned. The user must specify the name as stated by the author or license holder of the work, but not in such a way as to give the impression that the work of the user or the way in which the work has been used are being endorsed. The user may not use this work for commercial purposes. NEADAP and the implementing partners SNV, Agriterra, Wageningen UR and Bles Dairies accept no liability for any damage arising from the use of the results of this research or the application of the recommendations. Uganda Forage Sub-Sector Quick Scan – Working Paper – NEADAP, November 2019 iii Uganda Forage Sub-Sector Quick Scan – Working Paper – NEADAP, November 2019 iv Table of Contents List of Tables, Figures and Annexes vi Acronyms vii Acknowledgements ix Introduction and Summary 1 Methodology 9 Section I. Analyses of Current Situation 10 Farming systems 11 1. General constraints 12 2. Forage species and research 13 3. Forage quality 18 4. Seasonality 23 5. Preservation of forage crops 25 6. Seeds, planting material and fertilizer use 28 7. Mechanisation 32 8. Inputs and services 33 9. Forage market 37 10. Education, training and research 38 11. Environmentally sustainable forage production 39 12. Innovations 44 13. Policies 48 Section II. Observations and Recommendations 51 Annexes 72 References 85 Supplement: Survey Diagrams and Questionnaire (separate document) Uganda Forage Sub-Sector Quick Scan – Working Paper – NEADAP, November 2019 v List of Tables, Figures and Annexes Figure 1. The most common forage species used by dairy farmers in Ugandan farming systems Figure 2. Quality concept dynamic change Figure 3. Dairy production, major source of GHG emissions Figure 4. Relationship between forage quality and methane emission reduction Figure 5. Key aspects that need to be considered to improve the forage sector Figure 6. Upscaling recommendation to improve forage sub-sector Figure 7. Diagram of interventions in the forage value chain Table 1. Main problems faced by the forage sub-sector in Uganda Table 2. Recommendations to enhance the forage sub-sector in Uganda Table 3. Dairy cattle distribution by region and production system Table 4. Summary of forage species/cultivars/varieties access gaps Table 5. Major crops, field residues and by-products in Uganda Table 6. Example of forage quality and milk production relationship Table 7. Summary of forage quality gaps Table 8. Summary of seasonality gaps Table 9. Straw, stover nutritional value. Table 10. Summary of preservation methods gaps Table 11. Summary of seed, planting material and fertilizer use gaps Table 12. Summary of machinery gaps Table 13. Percentage of farmers using agricultural inputs in 2006 Table 14. Summary of input & service provider gaps Table 15. Summary of forage market gaps Table 16. Summary of knowledge, education, training, awareness gaps Table 17. Summary of sustainable forage production gaps Table 18. Key players in the Uganda seed sector Table 19. Main drivers of transformation of the forage sub-sector Table 20. Innovations to improve performance of forage species currently used Table 21. Potential innovations for cereal crops Table 22. Strategies to reduce mycotoxin levels in forages Table 23. Tools for seasonality control Table 24. Summary of smart agricultural practices to improve forage supply and quality Table 25. Potential innovation for feed and forage analysis laboratory Table 26. Policies and strategies to enhance the forage sub-sector Map 1. Map of Uganda Map 2. Milking cows, milk production and contribution to milk production per region Map 3. The cattle corridor of Uganda Map 4. Areas where pasture seed was produced, and forage technologies disseminated Annex 1a. List of key resource persons Annex 1b. List of persons interviewed Annex 1c. List of participants validation workshop and workshop programme Annex 2. Mean annual rainfall in Uganda Annex 3. Map of mixed crop-livestock farming systems of Uganda Annex 4. Map of coverage of different types of soil in Uganda Annex 5. Forage species in Uganda Annex 6. Graphic representation of Integrated Soil Fertility Management Annex 7. Nitrogen fertilizer application per ha of cropland in Uganda, Kenya and Ethiopia Annex 8. Agro-Ecological Zones in Uganda Uganda Forage Sub-Sector Quick Scan – Working Paper – NEADAP, November 2019 vi Acronyms ATAAS Agricultural Technology and Agribusiness Advisory Services Project ADL Acid Detergent Lignin AESIF Agricultural Education and Skills Improvement Framework AET Agricultural Education and Training AEZ Agro-Ecological Zones ATC Agricultural Training Centre A.I. Artificial Insemination ASAL Arid and Semi-Arid Land ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa. BMZ German Federal Ministry for Economic Development Cooperation BRIDGE Building Rural Income through Inclusive Dairy Business Growth in Ethiopia CA Conservation Agriculture CBO Community Based Organisation CIAT International Centre of Tropical Agriculture CIP International Potato Centre CP Crude Protein CSA Climate Smart Agriculture DairyBiss Dairy Business Information and Support Project DDA Dairy Development Authority DM Dry Matter DUS Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability test EAAPP Eastern Africa Agricultural Productivity Project ECHO European Commission's Humanitarian Aid Office. EDGET Enhancing Dairy Sector Growth in Ethiopia FE Feed Efficiency FEWS NET Famine Early Warning Systems Network GHG Green House Gases GIZ German Corporation for International Cooperation GmbH GOU Government of Uganda ICARDA International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas ICIPE International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology ICRAF International Centre for Research in Agro-Forestry ICT Information and Communication technology. IFT Improved Forage Technology ILRI International Livestock Research Institute ISSD Integrated Seed Sector Development ISTA International Seed Testing Association KMDP Kenya Market-Led Dairy Program LSB Local Seed Business LSF Large Scale Farm LULUCF Land Use Land Use Change and Forestry MAAIF Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries MASL Metres above sea level ME Metabolic Energy MjME Mega Joules of Metabolic Energy MNC Multi-National Companies MSF Medium Scale Farm NAADS National Agricultural Advisory Services Uganda Forage Sub-Sector Quick Scan – Working Paper – NEADAP, November 2019 vii NAES National Agricultural Education Strategy NaFORRI National Forestry Resources Research Institute NARI National Agricultural Research Institute NARO National Agricultural Research Organization NaLirri National Livestock Resource Research Institute NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action NaRL National Agricultural Research Laboratories NARO National Agricultural Research Organization NARS National Agricultural Research System NDF Neutral Detergent Fibre NDFd Neutral Detergent Fibre Digestibility NGO Non-governmental organisation NIR Near Infra-Red NIRS Near Infra-Red Spectrometer NPT National Performance Trial NSCS National Seed Certification Service NVPT National Variety Performance Trials NVRC National Variety Release Committee NWO-WOTRO Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PMR Partial Mix Ration PMS Partial Milk Substitute PUM Netherlands Senior Experts Programme SHF Smallholder Farm SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SNV SNV - Netherlands Development Organisation SOPs Standard Operational Procedures TAE Tertiary Agriculture Education TIDE The Inclusive Dairy Enterprise TMR Total Mix Ration UNADA Uganda National Agro-Input and Dealers' Association UNDP United Nations Development Program USTA Ugandan Seed Traders Association VCU Value for Cultivation and Use WHO World Health Organisation WUR Wageningen University & Research ZARDI Zonal Agricultural and Development Research Institutes Uganda
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