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16 López-Otálvo.Indd SPANISH J OURNAL OF P ALAEONTOLOGY Working to the conservation and good use of the Devonian palaeontological heritage in Floresta, Boyacá (Colombia): a review of teaching case studies to engage students and the community Gatsby-Emperatriz LÓPEZ-OTÁLVARO Department of Geosciences and Environment. Faculty of Mines. National University of Colombia. Geosciences Centre, University of Coimbra (Polo II), Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; [email protected] López-Otálvaro, G.E. 2019. Working to the conservation and good use of the Devonian palaeontological heritage in Floresta, Boyacá (Colombia): a review of teaching case studies to engage students and the community. [Trabajando para la conservación y el uso adecuado del patrimonio paleontológico en Floresta, Boyacá (Colombia): una revisión de ejemplos de enseñanzas para involucrar estudiantes y a toda la comunidad]. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 34 (1), 153-162. Manuscript received 14 March 2019 https://doi 10.7203/sjp.34.1.15299 Manuscript accepted 27 May 2019 © Sociedad Española de Paleontología ISSN 2255-0550 ABSTRACT RESUMEN The Floresta Massif, located in the Eastern Cordillera of El Macizo de Floresta, ubicado en la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia, has a diverse and precious natural heritage. It is Colombia, tiene un patrimonio natural diverso y valioso. one of the areas that contains an exceptional palaeontological Es uno de los lugares más destacados en patrimonio heritage of the Middle Devonian not only of Colombia, paleontológico excepcional del Devónico Medio, no solo but also of South America. This heritage is represented de Colombia sino también de Suramérica. Este patrimonio by fossil specimens of marine fauna and terrestrial flora está representado por especímenes fósiles de fauna marina y (correlated with North America and Europe) of the Floresta fl ora terrestre (correlacionable con Norte América y Europa) and Cuche Formations. Since 2004, actions made by several de las Formaciones Floresta y Cuche. Desde el 2004, las academic and research institutions, community and local acciones realizadas por varias instituciones académicas y de government have introduced schoolchildren, teenagers and investigación, la comunidad y el gobierno local han acercado university students to art and science, and have promoted a los niños, adolescentes y estudiantes universitarios al arte y the conservation of palaeontological heritage as an essential, la ciencia, y han promovido la conservación del patrimonio vibrant and relevant discipline. The high diversity of paleontológico como una disciplina esencial, vibrante y invertebrates, fi shes and terrestrial plant fossils unearthed has relevante. La gran diversidad de fósiles de invertebrados, promoted teaching and outreach projects, the creation of a peces y de plantas terrestres descubiertos ha promovido small Museum of Palaeontology in the Floresta municipality, proyectos didácticos, la creación de un pequeño Museo de and the aim of developing a geotouristic ring road in the Paleontología en el municipio de Floresta, y el propósito Floresta municipality and towns surrounding the Floresta de desarrollar una circunvalación geoturística en el mismo massif. These initiatives are a lively example of conservation municipio y en las ciudades alrededor del Macizo de Floresta. and good use of the palaeontological heritage of Floresta. Estas iniciativas son un vivo ejemplo de conservación y buen uso del patrimonio paleontológico de Floresta. Keywords: Middle Devonian, Floresta, Boyacá, Colombia, fossils, artworks, education, palaeontological heritage. Palabras clave: Devónico Medio, Floresta, Boyacá, Colombia, fósiles, arte, educación, patrimonio paleontológico. 154 LÓPEZ-OTÁLVARO 1. INTRODUCTION The Paleozoic sedimentary sequence in the Floresta Massif consists of Devonian El Tibet, Floresta and Cuche The Devonian System of Colombia outcrops along some Formations, being Floresta and Cuche the most fossiliferous of the Precambrian massifs of the Eastern Cordillera, formations (Fig. 2). Marine invertebrates and fi shes have among which the Floresta Massif is found (Barrett, 1988). been recovered in Floresta sediments (Caster, 1939; Royo The Floresta Massif is located in the northeastern portion y Gómez, 1941, 1942; Morales, 1965; Janvier & Villarroel, of the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes, in the 1998; Morzadec et al ., 2015), while terrestrial plants, marine Department of Boyacá (Botero, 1950; Cediel, 1976), 200 invertebrates, and fishes have been reported for Cuche km northeast of Bogotá (Fig. 1). Lateral borders are defi ned (Mojica & Villarroel, 1984; Janvier & Villarroel, 1998; by the Boyacá and Soapagá Faults (Fig. 2) constraining its Berry et al ., 2000; Morzadec et al ., 2015). The faunas and tectono-sedimentary dynamics since the Paleozoic (Mojica fl oras show strong affi nities with other species in common & Villarroel, 1984). It is one of the places of greatest in Pamplona (Colombia), Serranía del Perijá (Venezuela), geological and palaeontological interest in Colombia New York (USA) and Europe (Berry et al ., 2000; Morzadec and South America. The Massif constitutes one of the et al ., 2015), while restricted faunal exchanges (calmonids) four Colombian metamorphic massifs of Precambrian/ were possible with the Malvinoaffric realm (Morzadec Paleozoic age, being cut off by pre-Devonian granitic et al ., 2015). The presence of such palaeontological intrusions (Mojica & Villarroel, 1984) and unconformably content points to the proximity of Gondwana and Laurasia covered by a Devonian siliciclastic transgressive-regressive continents (Janvier & Villarroel, 1998; Berry et al ., 2000; sedimentation cycle, as well as by Mesozoic and Cenozoic Pires de Carvalho, 2018) that later closed the Rheic ocean sediments (Cediel, 1969; Mojica & Villarroel, 1984; and formed Pangea (Janvier & Villarroel, 1998, 2000; Moreno-Sánchez, 2004) (Fig. 2). Berry et al ., 2000), giving constraints on paleogeographic Figure 1. Location of the area of study. Image at the bottom right is a panoramic view of the Floresta area. WORKING TO THE CONSERVATION AND GOOD USE OF THE DEVONIAN PALAEONTOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN FLORESTA, BOYACÁ (COLOMBIA) ... 155 reconstructions of the Northern Andes. Therefore, exploring of a Palaeontology class from the National University the geological record of the Floresta Massif is essential to of Colombia (Campus of Medellín) during the semester understand the geologic evolution of Colombia. 2018-1 (February-May 2018). This new case study is Colombian laws preserve and protect the Geological reported in this work since the Devonian of Floresta Massif and Palaeontological Heritage in the national territory represents a valuable didactic material and an important being considered as part of the Cultural Heritage of the educational resource for teachers and professors to spread nation. Such a heritage is regulated by the law property biological, palaeontological, geological, and geoheritage of the nation and communal heritage. The current concepts. Overall, this work aims at exposing motivating legislation (“ Decreto Ley 4131 de 2011 ”) empowers the case studies carried out by a diverse community interested Colombian Geological Service as a national authority in the conservation and good use of palaeontological and to manage the required actions to protect this heritage. geological heritage of Floresta, which may be useful for Among the actions carried out are the participation of inspiring similar initiatives to preserve the palaeontological the Colombian Geological Service in the World Heritage heritage based on community involvement. National Intersectoral Commission (with the purpose of strengthening UNESCO’s activities in Colombia), and in the National Cooperation Agreement to Prevent and Counteract the Illicit Traffi cking of Cultural Goods 2. STRATIGRAPHY AND PREVIOUS 2990-01-2017 (in which several national governmental, RESEARCH academic and research institutions are engaged) (Gómez Guerrero & Salgado Jáuregui, 2017). The Floresta Massif is a NNE-SSW elongated anticlinal Although reference sections now have legal protections located in the northeastern segment of the Colombian with the collection of new material, the Palaeontological Andes (Janvier & Villarroel, 1998) (Fig. 2). It consists Heritage is not only confi ned to places where fossils remain of a crystalline core unconformably overlined by the in situ (Henriques & Pena dos Reis, 2015). Fossils removed Devonian siliciclastic sequence of the El Tibet, Floresta during expeditions and stored in museums, geological and Cuche formations (Cediel, 1969; Mojica & Villarroel, surveys and academic and research institutions should 1984; Moreno-Sánchez, 2004) (Fig. 3). The onset of the be considered as part of communal geological heritage sequence corresponds to the Devonian transgressive fl uvial and should be selected for geoconservation (Gray, 2008; event represented by a lower segment of claystones and Henriques & Pena dos Reis, 2015). This is the case of type muddy sandstones that grade to pebbly conglomerates specimens providing the objective of reference sections and sandstones of 30-500 m thick. Those sediments are (ICZN, 1999). Unfortunately, some type specimens of known as the El Tibet Formation in the Massif (Mojica & the Floresta Massif collected during some scientific Villarroel, 1984). On the evidence of spore assemblages, expeditions are housed outside Colombia. Examples are the Gröser & Prössel (1994) assigned an Emsian accumulation specimens described
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