ACT Now: Accuracy, Completeness, and Transparency in Health Research Reporting
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A Catalogue of Reporting Guidelines for Health Research REVIEW
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02234.x REVIEW A catalogue of reporting guidelines for health research I. Simera*, D. Moher†, J. Hoey‡, K. F. Schulz§ and D. G. Altman* *University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, †Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada, ‡University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, §UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA ABSTRACT Growing evidence demonstrates widespread deficiencies in the reporting of health research studies. The EQUATOR Network is an international initiative that aims to enhance the reliability and value of the published health research literature. EQUATOR provides resources, education and training to facilitate good research reporting and assists in the development, dissemination and implementation of robust reporting guidelines. This paper presents a collection of tools and guidelines available on the EQUATOR website (http://www.equator- network.org) that have been developed to increase the accuracy and transparency of health research reporting. Keywords EQUATOR Network, reporting guidelines, research reporting. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (1): 35–53 Many scientific articles are written merely to get something reporting of harms [7]; presenting data and graphs in confusing published, neglecting the clinician who would like the medical and misleading ways [8]; and omissions from or misinterpreta- literature to guide their practice [1]. tion of results in abstracts [9]. These deficiencies seriously distort scientific reality [10] and Introduction prevent clinicians from applying effective interventions in patients’ care [5]. Boxes 1 and 2 show just two of the numerous The main purpose of investing money into health research is to examples of problems identified in the research literature. -
900 Years Young ISBN 978-3-9819717-4-3
MAGAZINE FOR EXPLORERS AND LOVERS OF THE FINER THINGS IN LIFE 900 years young 978-3-9819717-4-3 ISBN EDITION 2020 2 Nominal price €3.50 Dear Readers The year 2020 marks a proud milestone for Freiburg that gives us pause to take stock of the past, consider our present and look ahead to our future. Tradition and deep historical ties may be rooted in the city’s spirit, but Freiburg is “900 years young” at heart! — Visible traces of history meld with a vibrant life in the here and now: Even though the clocks in the sunny southwest may have always run at a slightly different pace, time has by no means stood still here, which is evident in Freiburg wherever you look. The most beautiful spire in Christendom col- lides with the avant-garde architecture of a new university library, the tranquil activity on Münsterplatz (Cathedral Square) collides with the bus- tling atmosphere on Platz der Alten Synagoge (Old Synagogue Square) and a charming medieval and “Little Venice” flair collides with Freiburg’s lead- ing international role as a green city. As the warmest holiday spot in the tripoint area, where the borders of Germany, France and Switzerland con- verge, Freiburg combines an unbeatable climate with the best of all worlds and has leapt to the top of the most popular cities in Germany. As befits the anniversary year, this issue reveals just how well opposites go together here, where an appreciation of tradition pairs with a spirit of innovation, local pride with a cosmopolitan mindset and verve with an easygoing na- ture. -
1 How to Make Experimental Economics
This article is © Emerald Group Publishing and permission has been granted for this version to appear here (http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/id/eprint/32996). Emerald does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without the express permission from Emerald Group Publishing Limited. How to Make Experimental Economics Research More Reproducible: Lessons from Other Disciplines and a New Proposal1 Zacharias Maniadis, University of Southampton Fabio Tufano, University of Nottingham John A. List University of Chicago2 Abstract: Efforts in the spirit of this special issue aim at improving the reproducibility of experimental economics, in response to the recent discussions regarding the “research reproducibility crisis.” We put this endeavour in perspective by summarizing the main ways (to our knowledge) that have been proposed – by researchers from several disciplines – to alleviate the problem. We discuss the scope for economic theory to contribute to evaluating the proposals. We argue that a potential key impediment to replication is the expectation of negative reactions by the authors of the individual study, and suggest that incentives for having one’s work replicated should increase. JEL Codes: B40, C90 Keywords: False-Positives, Reproducibility, Replication Introduction Nearly a century ago Ronald Fisher began laying the groundwork of experimental practice, which remains today. Fisher’s work was highlighted by the experimental tripod: the concepts of replication, blocking, and randomization were the foundation on which the analysis of the experiment was based. The current volume of Research in Experimental Economics (REE for short) aims at helping experimental economists think more deeply about replication, which has attracted the attention of scholars in other disciplines for some time. -
Assignment: 14 Subject: - Social Science Class: - VI Teacher: - Mrs
Assignment: 14 Subject: - Social Science Class: - VI Teacher: - Mrs. Shilpa Grover Name: ______________ Class & Sec: _______________ Roll No. ______ Date: 23.05.2020 GEOGRAPHY QUESTIONS CHAPTER-2 A. Define the following terms: 1. Equator: It is an imaginary line drawn midway between the North and South Poles. It divides the Earth into two equal parts, the North Hemisphere and the South Hemisphere. 2. Earth’s grid: The network of parallels or latitudes and meridians or longitudes that divide the Earth’s surface into a grid-like pattern is called the Earth’s grid or geographic grid. 3. Heat zones: The Earth is divided into three heat zones based on the amount of heat each part receives from the Sun. These three heat zones are the Torrid Zone, the Temperate Zone and the Frigid Zone. 4. Great circle: The Equator is known as the great circle, as it is the largest circle that can be drawn on the globe. This is because the equatorial diameter of the Earth is the largest. 5. Prime Meridian: It is the longitude that passes through Greenwich, a place near London in the UK. It is treated as the reference point. Places to the east and west of the Prime Meridian are measured in degrees. 6. Time zones: A time zone is a narrow belt of the Earth’s surface, which has an east‒west extent of 15 degrees of longitude. The world has been divided into 24 standard time zones. B. Answer the following Questions: 1. What is the true shape of the Earth? The Earth looks spherical in shape, but it is slightly flattened at the North and South Poles and bulges at the equator due to the outward force caused by the rotation of the Earth. -
Robbe & Berking-Restaurantführer 2015
★★★ THE BEST RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS 2015 ★★★ Robbe & Berking Restaurant Guide 2015 ★★★ Dear readers, The combination of fi ne cuisine and exclusive silver is an experience for the senses which Robbe & Berking has been devoting itself to for more than 140 years. For the taste buds and nose, the skill of a perfect, gourmet meal. For the hands and eyes, the aesthetics of our silver. Together with the special atmosphere of a special restaurant: All of these factors come together to create the very best, which we present to you each year in our small restaurant guide. This year’s edition features 208 top addresses. Our time is too valuable to spend it in a bad restaurant. Visit the best and enjoy it. Yours, Oliver Berking 2 3 Hermitage 140 years after the opening of its fi rst silver workshop Robbe & Berking is re-launching its anniversary cutlery in 2014 – a design which is one of the most traditional and most beautiful of this long-established manu factory. The Robbe & Berking typical manual hammering technique makes each work unique. No piece is the same as any other. 4 5 ★ Courtier Weissenhaus Embedded in a wonderful landscape, inside the castle and right in the middle of Weissenhaus, the guest will fi nd the gourmet restaurant “Courtier”, named after the very painter of battles. Here you will enjoy Alexander Dehn’s and Hannes Graurock’s cooking that is of high quality, cosmopolitan and cool. Local products as well as from all over the world are the basis of a refi ned four- or six-course menu that reaches from being attached to home- up to international food, and which will turn any evening at the Courtier’s into an unforgettable experience. -
Black Forest Black Forest
Black Forest Black Forest A BCDEFGH 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 All locations and regions, listed alphabetically 7 7 PLAN PAGE PLAN PAGE Impressum Black Forest 4-15 St. BlasierLand D12/E13 29 (Dachsberg, Häusern, Höchenschwand, Ibach, St.Blasien- Herausgeber Cities & villages 22-39 Menzenschwand, Weilheim) Bad Bellingen A12 35 Todtmoos C12 39 Bad Liebenzell H3 31 Schwarzwald Tourismus GmbH Wolfach/Oberwolfach E7 39 8 8 Baden-Baden E3 35 Ludwigstraße 23 Baiersbronn E/F6 35 Zweitälerland D8/C9 39 79104 Freiburg Blumberg F/G11 36 (Biederbach, Elzach, Gutach im Breisgau, Simonswald, Tel.: + 49 (0) 761.896460 Bühl-Bühlertal D/E4 36 Waldkirch, Winden im Elztal) Fax: + 49 (0) 761.8964670 Dornstetten F6 36 [email protected] Donaueschingen und Hüfingen F10 22 www.schwarzwald-tourismus.info Enztal F/G3 32 All forms of accommodation 9 9 (Bad Wildbad, Enzklösterle, Höfen) Hotels and guesthouses 40-60 Geschäftsführer: Christopher Krull Ferienland im Schwarzwald E9 37 Apartments and holiday rentals 46, 61-64 (Furtwangen, Schönwald, Schonach, St. Georgen, Triberg) Projektleitung: Jochen Laufer, Sascha Hotz/Berg- Freiburg C10 37 werk Marketing Freudenstadt und Lossburg F6 23 Redaktion: STG 10 10 Hochschwarzwald D/E10/11 24 (Breitnau, Eisenbach, Feldberg, Friedenweiler, Fotonachweis: Hinterzarten, Lenzkirch, Löffingen, St. Märgen, St. Peter, Düpper, Eberle/qu-int, Hotel Auerhahn Schluch- Schluchsee,Titisee-Neustadt) More information and reservations: see, Raach, Spiegelhalter, Erdenbrink, U. Klumpp Hornberg E8 37 (S.6), Archiv der STG sowie der -
Chapter Outline Thinking Ahead 4 EARTH, MOON, AND
Chapter 4 Earth, Moon, and Sky 103 4 EARTH, MOON, AND SKY Figure 4.1 Southern Summer. As captured with a fish-eye lens aboard the Atlantis Space Shuttle on December 9, 1993, Earth hangs above the Hubble Space Telescope as it is repaired. The reddish continent is Australia, its size and shape distorted by the special lens. Because the seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are opposite those in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in Australia on this December day. (credit: modification of work by NASA) Chapter Outline 4.1 Earth and Sky 4.2 The Seasons 4.3 Keeping Time 4.4 The Calendar 4.5 Phases and Motions of the Moon 4.6 Ocean Tides and the Moon 4.7 Eclipses of the Sun and Moon Thinking Ahead If Earth’s orbit is nearly a perfect circle (as we saw in earlier chapters), why is it hotter in summer and colder in winter in many places around the globe? And why are the seasons in Australia or Peru the opposite of those in the United States or Europe? The story is told that Galileo, as he left the Hall of the Inquisition following his retraction of the doctrine that Earth rotates and revolves about the Sun, said under his breath, “But nevertheless it moves.” Historians are not sure whether the story is true, but certainly Galileo knew that Earth was in motion, whatever church authorities said. It is the motions of Earth that produce the seasons and give us our measures of time and date. The Moon’s motions around us provide the concept of the month and the cycle of lunar phases. -
Reference Systems for Surveying and Mapping Lecture Notes
Delft University of Technology Reference Systems for Surveying and Mapping Lecture notes Hans van der Marel ii The front cover shows the NAP (Amsterdam Ordnance Datum) ”datum point” at the Stopera, Amsterdam (picture M.M.Minderhoud, Wikipedia/Michiel1972). H. van der Marel Lecture notes on Reference Systems for Surveying and Mapping: CTB3310 Surveying and Mapping CTB3425 Monitoring and Stability of Dikes and Embankments CIE4606 Geodesy and Remote Sensing CIE4614 Land Surveying and Civil Infrastructure February 2020 Publisher: Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology P.O. Box 5048 Stevinweg 1 2628 CN Delft The Netherlands Copyright ©20142020 by H. van der Marel The content in these lecture notes, except for material credited to third parties, is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionsNonCommercialSharedAlike 4.0 International License (CC BYNCSA). Third party material is shared under its own license and attribution. The text has been type set using the MikTex 2.9 implementation of LATEX. Graphs and diagrams were produced, if not mentioned otherwise, with Matlab and Inkscape. Preface This reader on reference systems for surveying and mapping has been initially compiled for the course Surveying and Mapping (CTB3310) in the 3rd year of the BScprogram for Civil Engineering. The reader is aimed at students at the end of their BSc program or at the start of their MSc program, and is used in several courses at Delft University of Technology. With the advent of the Global Positioning System (GPS) technology in mobile (smart) phones and other navigational devices almost anyone, anywhere on Earth, and at any time, can determine a three–dimensional position accurate to a few meters. -
(STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies
Policy and practice The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies* Erik von Elm,a Douglas G Altman,b Matthias Egger,a,c Stuart J Pocock,d Peter C Gøtzsche e & Jan P Vandenbroucke f for the STROBE Initiative Abstract Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study’s generalizability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies. We convened a two-day workshop, in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies. -
Guidelines for Reporting Health Research: How to Promote Their Use in Your Journal
Guidelines for reporting health research: How to promote their use in your journal Written by the EQUATOR Network Group; updated March 2015 Key points: Reporting guidelines help to improve the accuracy, transparency and completeness of health research publications and increase the value of published research EQUATOR provides free online resources in English at www.equator-network.org and in Spanish at www.espanol.equator-network.org including a comprehensive collection of reporting guidelines for health research studies EQUATOR recommends that editors: explore the available reporting guidelines; select well developed guidelines appropriate for the reporting of research studies published by their journal; ask authors to adhere to these guidelines and ask peer reviewers to use them when assessing manuscripts In this document you will find information on: How your journal can support better reporting of health research . How to introduce reporting guidelines into your journal . How to select reporting guidelines for your journal . How and where to use reporting guidelines in a journal How to refer to the EQUATOR Network and reporting guidelines in your Instructions to Authors and Instructions for Peer Reviewers How to describe the EQUATOR Network; text that might be inserted into your Instructions to Authors; examples of how some journals encourage the use of reporting guidelines and refer to EQUATOR Introduction Although the ultimate responsibility for the design, conduct and accurate publication of research studies lies with the researchers, editors “should take all reasonable steps to ensure the quality of the material they publish”(1). Guidelines for reporting health research are important tools to facilitate this task. -
Drug Information Associates
Drug Information Associates BRIEF: INFORMATION SERVICES IN AN ERA OF the use of new, expensive therapies (such as specialty UNPRECEDENTED EVIDENCE EXPANSION drugs, for example) be justified when compared to Heath Ford, PharmD, PhD | May 23, 2020 established practice?” In education, “can learners in certain outcome segments be expected to show Have you ever wondered … how effective is the statin improvement given new programs and substantial drug your doctor prescribed? Or the anti-depressant, increases in investment?” And in manufacturing, “are antipsychotic, or amphetamine? What about the recommended process improvements reasonable given expensive injectable medication your discount card or projected output expectations and investment costs?” drug coupon allows you to get every month for a low copay? And what about medical education (eg, medicine, These considerations validate the need for specialized nursing, pharmacy, dentistry)? Have you ever considered information services, specifically those centering on both the differences between your educational experience and retrieving and appraising scientific evidence. that of today’s professional students? How effective Information Retrieval & Appraisal Services in Medicine were educational strategies then compared to those employed today? In light of the extraordinary growth of the scientific literature, it is said that perhaps no industry is in greater The “Evidence Base” need of specialized information services than medicine. In all industries, especially medicine, the growing level of According to estimates, approximately 2.5 million experimentation and the pervasive expectation for an scientific journal manuscripts were published in 2009 in “evidence base” is very well established. Municipalities more than 29,000 journals.1 Between 1994 and 2001, and not-for-profit organizations, for instance, search for approximately 400,000 medical manuscripts were evidence-based interventions that address problems of published per year (on average),2 making medicine the homelessness, food insecurity, or public health. -
Educator Guide
E DUCATOR GUIDE This guide, and its contents, are Copyrighted and are the sole Intellectual Property of Science North. E DUCATOR GUIDE The Arctic has always been a place of mystery, myth and fascination. The Inuit and their predecessors adapted and thrived for thousands of years in what is arguably the harshest environment on earth. Today, the Arctic is the focus of intense research. Instead of seeking to conquer the north, scientist pioneers are searching for answers to some troubling questions about the impacts of human activities around the world on this fragile and largely uninhabited frontier. The giant screen film, Wonders of the Arctic, centers on our ongoing mission to explore and come to terms with the Arctic, and the compelling stories of our many forays into this captivating place will be interwoven to create a unifying message about the state of the Arctic today. Underlying all these tales is the crucial role that ice plays in the northern environment and the changes that are quickly overtaking the people and animals who have adapted to this land of ice and snow. This Education Guide to the Wonders of the Arctic film is a tool for educators to explore the many fascinating aspects of the Arctic. This guide provides background information on Arctic geography, wildlife and the ice, descriptions of participatory activities, as well as references and other resources. The guide may be used to prepare the students for the film, as a follow up to the viewing, or to simply stimulate exploration of themes not covered within the film.